Question

【題目】 Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation (感覺)of warmth encourages emotional (情感的) warmth, while a cold drink in hand stops you from making unwise decisions—those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person’s feeling of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner (決定因素) in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ understanding of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those feelings influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh did an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate (評(píng)估) the personality of the assistant . Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded the assistant as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We based on our physical experiences even when we think abstractly (抽象地).” says Bargh.

【1】According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A. the visitors to his officeB. the psychology lessons he has

C. the things he has bought onlineD. his physical feeling of coldness

【2】The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ______.

A. adults should develop social skillsB. caregivers should be healthy adult

C. babies need warm physical contactsD. monkeys have social relationships

【3】We can infer from the passage that ______.

A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B. physical temperature affects how we see others

C. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

D. capable persons are often cold to others

【4】What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

B. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

C. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

D. Experiments of Rating the Personality.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】C

【3】B

【4】B

【解析】

科學(xué)家通過試驗(yàn)證明，在人際交往中，人們能從對(duì)方哪怕端來的一杯水中感受到對(duì)方的溫暖或冷淡。因此，在人際交往中，我們要用關(guān)心去溫暖對(duì)方。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句“The physical sensation of warmth encourages emotional warmth while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions.” 可知，一個(gè)人的情感可能會(huì)受到身體對(duì)冷暖的感知（physical feeling of coldness）的影響。故答案為D。

【2】推理判斷題。文章從第二段第四句開始講述 Harlow 的實(shí)驗(yàn)，第二段最后一句 “Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.” 意為“哈洛的工作成果和隨后的各項(xiàng)研究使得心理學(xué)家們強(qiáng)調(diào)，照顧孩子的人給予孩子溫暖的觸感是必要的，這可以幫助孩子們成長(zhǎng)為健康、社交技能健全的成年人。”說明孩子在成長(zhǎng)過程中需要溫暖的觸感。故答案為C。

【3】推理判斷題。A項(xiàng)，文章最后一段提到 “We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly” （即便在做抽象思考時(shí)，我們也會(huì)以身體經(jīng)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)），A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。B項(xiàng)，文章第四段最后一句 “Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.” 說明體溫會(huì)影響我們對(duì)他人的看法，B項(xiàng)正確。C項(xiàng)，結(jié)合第三段第二句 “Although no worldwide study has been done ...” 說明這項(xiàng)研究并沒有在世界范圍內(nèi)開展，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。D項(xiàng)，結(jié)合第二段第二句 “even trumping evidence that a 'cold' person may be more capable” 可知，雖然那些“冷感”的人可能能力更強(qiáng)，但這并不能說明有能力的人通常對(duì)別人比較冷漠，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故答案為B。

【4】主旨大意題。結(jié)合文意以及第四段第一句話“To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth ...”可知，文章主要講述的是生理溫度和心理情感之間的關(guān)系。故答案為B。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對(duì)文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對(duì)性的找出相關(guān)語(yǔ)句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題是本文的主要題型，如文中的第2和3小題。做此類題的時(shí)候也是在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理地分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測(cè)，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。