【題目】某興趣小組利用家中的材料研究影響物質(zhì)溶解性的因素,實驗步驟設計如下:
Ⅰ.稱取六份冰糖和一份食鹽,每10g為一份,并將其中五份冰糖研磨成粉末.
Ⅱ.按照下表進行實驗(實驗所需儀器略)
第一組 | 第二組 | 第三組 | 第四組 | ||||
實驗溫度 | 20℃ | 20℃ | 20℃ | 20℃ | 20℃ | 20℃ | 80℃ |
固體種類 | 冰糖 | 冰糖 | 冰糖(粉末) | 冰糖(塊狀) | 冰糖 | 食鹽 | 冰糖 |
固體質(zhì)量 | 10g | 10g | 10g | 10g | 10g | 10g | 10g |
溶劑種類 | 水 | 植物油 | 水 | 水 | 水 | 水 | 水 |
溶劑質(zhì)量 | 50g | 50g | 10g | 10g | 10g | 10g | 10g |
請你對他們的實驗設計進行分析:
(1)根據(jù)上述設計,你認為他們準備研究的影響因素是________________________________,其中不影響物質(zhì)溶解性的因素是________________________________________.
(2)根據(jù)第四組實驗與前三組實驗的比較,你可以得到的結(jié)論是________________________.
(3)你認為第四組實驗的設計是否會影響實驗結(jié)論的得出,請簡述理由:________________________________________________________________.
【答案】(1)固體種類、溶質(zhì)顆粒的大小、溫度、溶劑種類、溶劑質(zhì)量 溶質(zhì)顆粒的大小、溶劑質(zhì)量
(2)溫度升高溶解速率加快
(3)不會影響,第四組可以與第二組或第三組中的冰糖溶解情況進行比較
【解析】(1)通過對實驗設計表格的分析,重點是觀察四組實驗的條件發(fā)現(xiàn)探究的問題,主要有溫度的改變,物質(zhì)種類的改變,溶質(zhì)狀態(tài)的改變,溶劑質(zhì)量的改變等,由于物質(zhì)的溶解性是物質(zhì)本身的一種屬性,不受外界干擾,所以溶質(zhì)的狀態(tài)、溶劑的質(zhì)量對物質(zhì)溶解性無影響.
(2)物質(zhì)由塊狀改為粉末狀,會加快同一物質(zhì)的溶解速率,使實驗時間變短.
(3)第四組實驗相對于第二組和第三組,主要是溫度的改變,不會影響結(jié)論的得出.
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