【題目】我國(guó)生育政策三年內(nèi)從“單獨(dú)二胎”到“全面放開二孩”的變化，主要原因是

A.育齡婦女人數(shù)少B.人口負(fù)增長(zhǎng)

C.人口老齡化D.生育觀念的改變

【答案】C

【解析】

根據(jù)中華人民共和國(guó)成立后，由于人民生活水平的提高和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生條件的改善，人口死亡率大幅度下降，中國(guó)人口快速增長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)2010年全國(guó)第六次人口普查結(jié)果，中國(guó)總?cè)丝跒?/span>13.7億，約占世界人口總數(shù)的1/5，是世界上人口最多的國(guó)家，進(jìn)行分析解答。

20世紀(jì)70年代以來(lái)，我國(guó)實(shí)行了計(jì)劃生育，在控制人口數(shù)量方面取得巨大成就，但同時(shí)也出現(xiàn)勞動(dòng)力減少、社會(huì)養(yǎng)老負(fù)擔(dān)加重，人口老齡化等問(wèn)題。2013年11月15日，中央決定放開“單獨(dú)二胎”生育政策。2015年10月29日黨的十八屆五中全會(huì)決定：堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃生育的基本國(guó)策，完善人口發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，全面實(shí)施一對(duì)夫婦可生育兩個(gè)孩子政策，其目的就是為應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)前出現(xiàn)的人口問(wèn)題，逐步調(diào)整完善現(xiàn)行的生育政策，促進(jìn)人口長(zhǎng)期均衡發(fā)展；結(jié)合題意。故選：C。

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