【題目】讀下列圖文資料回答問題。
黑土是大量枯枝落葉或草本植物難以腐化、分解,歷經(jīng)長時間演化形成的肥沃土壤。下圖示意某優(yōu)質(zhì)黑士區(qū)。20世紀(jì)30年代以來,該區(qū)域農(nóng)作物種植面積不斷擴大,黑土侵蝕嚴(yán)重。60年代起,該區(qū)域采取了滴灌等一系列措施,黑土侵蝕明顯減少。
(1)說明該地區(qū)氣候條件對黑土形成的影響。
(2)分析20世紀(jì)30年代以來該地區(qū)黑土侵蝕嚴(yán)重的原因。
(3)說明滴灌對減輕該地區(qū)黑土侵蝕的作用。
(4)簡述該地區(qū)土壤侵蝕減輕所產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)效益。
【答案】
(1)夏季雨熱同期,利于植被生長,冬季較長,寒冷干燥,枯枝落葉多;微生物活動弱,枯枝落葉分解緩慢。
(2)種植面積擴大,導(dǎo)致森林、草地破壞,加劇黑土退化;黑土區(qū)深居內(nèi)陸,冬春降水較少干旱,多大風(fēng)天氣,風(fēng)力侵蝕作用顯著;夏季降水集中多暴雨流水侵蝕作用較強。
(3)保持黑土水分,防止旱季因土壤過度干燥,減輕風(fēng)力對土壤的侵蝕;防過度灌溉造成水土流失
(4)減少大氣中的揚塵;改善水質(zhì), 保護(hù)土壤肥力;保護(hù)生物的棲息地,有利于維護(hù)生物多樣性
【解析】
試題分析:
(1)該地夏季雨熱同期,冬季較長,寒冷干燥,枯枝落葉多,有利于黑土的形成。
(2)該地區(qū)黑土侵蝕嚴(yán)重的原因,可以從草地破壞、風(fēng)力侵蝕等方面回答。
(3)滴灌有利于保持黑土水分、減輕風(fēng)力對土壤的侵蝕。
(4)土壤侵蝕減輕所產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)效益,可以從改善水質(zhì)、保護(hù)土壤肥力、保護(hù)生物多樣性等方面回答。
【知識點】區(qū)域存在的環(huán)境與發(fā)展問題及其產(chǎn)生的危害,以及有關(guān)的治理保護(hù)措施
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注意:1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
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