【題目】【2016-2017學(xué)年度蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三教學(xué)情況調(diào)研(二)】
已知數(shù)列滿足,,其中,,為非零常數(shù).
(1)若,,求證:為等比數(shù)列,并求數(shù)列的通項公式;
(2)若數(shù)列是公差不等于零的等差數(shù)列.
①求實數(shù),的值;
②數(shù)列的前項和構(gòu)成數(shù)列,從中取不同的四項按從小到大排列組成四項子數(shù)列.試問:是否存在首項為的四項子數(shù)列,使得該子數(shù)列中的所有項之和恰好為2017?若存在,求出所有滿足條件的四項子數(shù)列;若不存在,請說明理由.
【答案】(1)(2)①,,.②,,
【解析】
解:(1)當(dāng),時,,
.
又,不然,這與矛盾,
為2為首項,3為公比的等比數(shù)列,
,.
(2)①設(shè),
由得,
,
對任意恒成立.
令,2,3,解得,,,.
經(jīng)檢驗,滿足題意.
綜上,,,.
②由①知.
設(shè)存在這樣滿足條件的四元子列,觀察到2017為奇數(shù),這四項或者三個奇數(shù)一個偶數(shù)、或者一個奇數(shù)三個偶數(shù).
1°若三個奇數(shù)一個偶數(shù),設(shè),,,是滿足條件的四項,
則,
,這與1007為奇數(shù)矛盾,不合題意舍去.
2°若一個奇數(shù)三個偶數(shù),設(shè),,,是滿足條件的四項,
則,.
由504為偶數(shù)知,,,中一個偶數(shù)兩個奇數(shù)或者三個偶數(shù).
1)若,,中一個偶數(shù)兩個奇數(shù),不妨設(shè),,,
則,這與251為奇數(shù)矛盾.
2)若,,均為偶數(shù),不妨設(shè),,,
則,繼續(xù)奇偶分析知,,中兩奇數(shù)一個偶數(shù),
不妨設(shè),,,則.
因為,均為偶數(shù),所以為奇數(shù),不妨設(shè),
當(dāng)時,,,檢驗得,,,
當(dāng)時,,,檢驗得,,,
當(dāng)時,,,檢驗得,,,
即,,,或者,,,或者,,,滿足條件,
綜上所述,,,為全部滿足條件的四元子列.
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