設(shè)函數(shù)f(x)=x-In(x+m),其中常數(shù)m為整數(shù).
(1)當(dāng)m為何值時,f(x)≥0;
(2)定理:若函數(shù)g(x)在[a,b]上連續(xù),且g(a)與g(b)異號,則至少存在一點x0∈(a,b),使g(x0)=0.
試用上述定理證明:當(dāng)整數(shù)m>1時,方程f(x)=0,在[e-m-m,e2m-m]內(nèi)有兩個實根.
分析:(1)求出導(dǎo)函數(shù)令其為0得到函數(shù)的駐點,利用導(dǎo)函數(shù)大于得到f(x)為增函數(shù),小于0得到f(x)為減函數(shù),得到函數(shù)的極小值,令f(x)的極小值≥0得到m的范圍;
(2)當(dāng)整數(shù)m>1時,函數(shù)f(x)在[e-m-m,1-m]上為連續(xù)減函數(shù),由增減性得到f(e-m-m)與f(1-m)異號,由所給定理知,存在唯一的x1∈(e-m-m,1-m),使f(x1)=0;函數(shù)f(x)在[1-m,e-m-m]上為連續(xù)增函數(shù)且f(1-m)與f(e2m-m)異號,由所給定理知,存在唯一的x2∈[1-m,e-m-m,],使f(x2)=0,得到當(dāng)整數(shù)m>1時,方程f(x)=0,在[e-m-m,e2m-m]內(nèi)有兩個實根.
解答:(1)解:函數(shù)f(x)=x-ln(x+m),x∈(-m,+∞)連續(xù),且
f′(x)=1-,令f′(x)=0,得x=1-m當(dāng)x∈(-m,1-m)時,f’(x)<0,f(x)為減函數(shù),f(x)>f(1-m)
當(dāng)x∈(1-m,+∞)時,f’(x)>0,f(x)為增函數(shù),f(x)>f(1-m)
根據(jù)函數(shù)極值判別方法,f(1-m)=1-m為極小值,而且
對x∈(-m,+∞)都有f(x)≥f(1-m)=1-m
故當(dāng)整數(shù)m≤1時,f(x)≥1-m≥0
(2)證明:由(1)知,當(dāng)整數(shù)m>1時,f(1-m)=1-m<0,函數(shù)f(x)=x-ln(x+m),在[e
-m-m,1-m]上為連續(xù)減函數(shù).
f(e
-m-m)=e
-m-m-ln(e
-m-m+m)=e
-m>0
當(dāng)整數(shù)m>1時,f(e
-m-m)與f(1-m)異號,
由所給定理知,存在唯一的x
1∈(e
-m-m,1-m),使f(x
1)=0
而當(dāng)整數(shù)m>1時,
f(e2m-m)=e2m-3m>(1+1)2m-3m>1+2m+-3m>0類似地,當(dāng)整數(shù)m>1時,函數(shù)f(x)=x-ln(x+m),在[1-m,e
-m-m]上為連續(xù)增函數(shù)且f(1-m)與f(e
2m-m)異號,由所給定理知,存在唯一的x
2∈[1-m,e
-m-m,],使f(x
2)=0
故當(dāng)m>1時,方程f(x)=0在[e
-m-m,e
2m-m]內(nèi)有兩個實根.
點評:考查學(xué)生利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)極值的能力,利用給出定理證明數(shù)學(xué)題的能力.