Question

Research shows that much of our predisposition （傾向） towards determination, sociability and self - control and sense of purpose is in our genes．In fact, our DNA plays a bigger role in influencing these traits （ characteristics）than our upbringing （兒童期的教養(yǎng)）and the company we keep．Taken together, these aspects of personality can make the difference between success and failure, say the Edinburgh University researchers．        

They questioned more than 800 pairs of twins about their attitudes to life to tease apart the influences of nature and nurture．Comparing identical twins, who share all their DNA and their up bringing, with non-identical twins, who have a shared background but are no more genetically alike than other brothers and sisters, is a technique often used by researchers to quantify the influence of genetics．

The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with self-control particularly etched （銘刻） into our DNA．                   

Our genes a222so largely determine how determined and persistent we are．This is important in terms of success, as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone who throws in the towel at the first hiccough．

Researcher Professor Timothy Bates said, "Ever since the ancient Greeks, people Lave de hated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life．Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not? Previously,  the role of family and the environment around the home often controlled people' s ideas about what affected psychological well-being．However, this work emphasizes a much more powerful influence from genetics．"

However, those who haven' t been dealt a helpful hand of genes shouldn' t he too depressed．The professor says a sense of purpose is the key and advises those who are eager for success to focus their thoughts on making a difference．

1.What does the result of the research indicate?

A．Our DNA is the only factor to decide our traits．

B．Our DNA plays a decisive role, in achieving success．

C．Education plays little part in the formation of our character．

D．Society has Little effect on us in our personality．

2.The underlined part in Paragraph 4 refers to someone who                ．

A．is born successful	B．determines to make a difference
C．makes great effort	D．a(chǎn)dmits defeat easily

3.Timothy Bates mentions the ancient Creeks in order to indicate that          ．

A．some people can live a good life because they can manage their lives

B．people haven't made it clear yet what is the key personality trait（持點(diǎn),特征） to be a success

C．in ancient Greece the role of family and the environment was ignored

D．the relationship between personality and success has always been people's concern

4.According to the passage, the key personality trait is            ．

A．determination

B．kindness

C．politeness

D．sociability

5.What is the best title for the passage?

A．How do people work hard?	B．Why can some people succeed?
C．DNA determines success or failure	D．Several factors determine personality

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.B

2.D

3.D

4.A

5.C

【解析】

試題分析：

1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段The results, published in the Journal of Personality, showed that genes play a much bigger role than lifestyle, with self-control particularly etched （銘刻） into our DNA．實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果說明基因比生活方式在自我控制方面所起的作用還要大。故B正確。

2.推理題。根據(jù)文章第四段as someone who refuses to give up is more likely to achieve their dreams than someone who throws in the towel at the first hiccough．說明該詞與more likely to achieve their dreams是一組反義詞，故Ｄ的說法正確。

3.推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段2,3,4行Ever since the ancient Greeks, people Lave de hated the nature of a good life and the nature of a virtuous life．Why do some people seem to manage their lives, have good relationships and cooperate to achieve their goals while others do not?說明古希臘的人很注意人性和成功之間的關(guān)系，故D正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一行Our genes a222so largely determine how determined and persistent we are說明我們的基因決定了我們有多么有毅力多么有決心，而意志力和決心恰恰是決定我們成功的因素。故A正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一句Research shows that much of our predisposition （傾向） towards determination, sociability and self - control and sense of purpose is in our genes．說明基因是決定因素。故C的說法即DNA決定了我們的成功或者失敗正確。

考點(diǎn)：考查科普類短文閱讀

點(diǎn)評(píng)：文章詳細(xì)說明了我們的成功或者失敗不是由我們的生活方式?jīng)Q定的，而是由我們的基因決定的。本文的難點(diǎn)在于掃除文字的障礙，要根據(jù)上下文來推測文章中一些不熟悉的詞義，不要受這些詞的影響而導(dǎo)致對(duì)文章意思的把握不到位，此類題需要結(jié)合上下文提供的語境和信息進(jìn)行合理的概括和判斷。