If the eyes are the romantic’s window into the soul, then the teeth are an anthropologist’s ( 人類學家 ) door to the stomach.
In a study published last month in the journal Science, Peter Ungar of the University of Arkansas and his partner, Matt Sponheimer of the University of Colorado, US, examined the teeth of our early human ancestors to find out what they were really eating.
They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. Some cause scratches, while others cause pits (坑).The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different. Tropical grasses, for example, leave one kind of carbon, but trees leave another kind because they photosynthesized ( 光合作用 ) differently.
Traditionally, scientists had looked at the size and shape of teeth and skulls ( 頭骨 ) to figure out what early humans ate. Big flat teeth were taken to be signs that they ate nuts and seeds, while hard and sharp teeth seemed good for cutting meat and leaves. But this was proven wrong.
The best example was the Paranthropus (傍人), one of our close cousins, some of which lived in eastern Africa. Scientists used to believe Paranthropus ate nuts and seeds because they had big crests(突起)on their skulls, suggesting they had large chewing muscles and big teeth. If this had been true, their teeth should have been covered with pits like the surface of the moon. They would also have had a particular type of carbon on their teeth that typically comes from tree products, such as nuts and seeds.
However, when the two scientists studied the Paranthroupus, it turned out to have none of these characteristics. The teeth had a different kind of carbon, and were covered with scratches, not pits. This suggests they probably ate grass, not nuts and fruit stones. It was the exact opposite of what people had expected to find.
Carbon “foodprints” give us a completely new and different insight into what different species ate and the different environments they lived in. If a certain species had the kind of carbon on its teeth that came from grasses, it probably lived in a tropical grassland, for example.
小題1:The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 probably means that _____.
A．a(chǎn)nthropologists can study the structure of human stomachs by studying their teeth.
B．a(chǎn)nthropologists can study the diet of early humans by studying their teeth
C．a(chǎn)nthropologists can learn whether humans were healthy by looking at their teeth
D．a(chǎn)nthropologists can get the most useful information about humans from their teeth
小題2:According to Paragraph 3 to 5, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Scratches on teeth are caused by eating nuts or seeds.
B．Pits on teeth are caused by eating grass or leaves.
C．Early humans with hard and sharp teeth ate meat and leaves.
D．Different foods leave different marks and carbon on teeth.
小題3:The example of the Paranthropus was mentioned in the article in order to _____.
A．tell readers that they are one of our close cousins living in eastern Africa
B．tell readers they had different eating habits from modern humans
C．prove that size and shape of skulls does not show accurately what early humans ate
D．tell readers that living environment makes a difference to skull structure

小題1:B
小題2:D
小題3:C

試題分析：在一份最近發(fā)表的雜志中研究人員聲稱如果眼睛是心靈的窗戶，那么牙齒便是通向胃的大門。也就是說通過對牙齒的研究可以發(fā)現(xiàn)動物是以草本植物為食還是以肉為食，但是他們也提出其中也有例外情況，不能完全根據(jù)這種方法來進行判斷。
小題1:B推理判斷題。整篇文章講述了科學家通過對牙齒的研究來判斷他們所吃的食物，而且第二段也明確提出examined the teeth of our early human ancestors to find out what they were really eating.由此可知B選項正確。
小題2:D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段They already knew that different foods cause different marks on teeth. 和The carbon left on teeth by different foods is also different.可知不同事物會在牙齒上留下不同的印痕和碳，所以D選項正確。
小題3:C推理判斷題。文章第四段講述科學家是如何根據(jù)牙齒的形狀，大小和頭骨來判斷人類所吃的食物的，但是最后提出But this was proven wrong.然后下文講了傍人的例子，來說明他們的錯誤判斷，所以C選項正確。
練習冊系列答案
相關習題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The first newspaper was written by hand and put up on walls in public places. The earliest daily newspaper was started in Rome in 59 BC. In the 700s the world’s first printed newspaper was published. Europe didn’t have a regularly printed newspaper until 1609, when one was started in Germany.
The first regularly published newspaper in English was printed in Amsterdam in 1620. In 1621, an English newspaper was started in London and was published once a week. The first daily English newspaper was the Daily Courant, which came out in March 1702.
In 1690, Benjamin Harris printed the first American newspaper in Boston .But not long after it was first published, the government stopped the paper. In 1704, John Campbell started the Boston Newspaper, the first newspaper published daily in the American colonies（殖民地）. By 1760, the colonies had more than thirty daily newspapers.There are now about 1, 800 daily papers in the United States.
Today, as a group, newspapers in English have the largest circulation (發(fā)行量)in the world .But the largest circulation for a newspaper is that of the Japanese newspaper Asahi Shimbun . It sells more than eleven million copies every year.
小題1:The first regularly printed European newspaper started in ________.
A．Rome in 59 BCB．Germany in 1609
C．Amsterdam in 1620D．England in 1621
小題2:The first daily newspaper in English started in _________.
A．1620B．1621C．1590D．1702
小題3:What does the author want to inform us?
A．History of newspapers
B．History of daily newspapers
C．The beginning of newspapers
D．On reading newspapers

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.
Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have ______ shocking differences in perception between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they are _____ of a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a(n) _____ science journal.
In Western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly ______ entities. When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, ________ inter-dependence, When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on the surroundings as well as the object.
Using an experiment ________ two tasks, Dr. Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that played to American’s _______. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asian.
The level of brain activity, by ______ blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brain were ______. For the Americans, areas ______ to attention were more favorable to them, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult --- estimating the line’s size relative to the square. The findings are a ______ of more than ten years of previous experimental research into East-West differences.
In one study, for instance researchers ______ people a choice among five pens; four red and one green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen, and Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.
Culture does not only make a(n) ______ on how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us ______ to how our brain works and holds new promises for us to develop programs to improve our memory techniques and __________ our learning skills.
小題1:
A．recoveredB．revealedC．rejectedD．replaced
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)wareB．sensitiveC．capableD．ignorant
小題3:
A．essentialB．complexC．leadingD．inviting
小題4:
A．independentB．creativeC．cooperativeD．responsible
小題5:
A．neglectB．rely C．complimentD．emphasize
小題6:
A．involvingB．referringC．joiningD．participating
小題7:
A．respect B．favorC．surpriseD．resistance
小題8:
A．reducingB．a(chǎn)ddingC．trackingD．speeding
小題9:
A．the sameB．differentC．uniqueD．unusual
小題10:
A．objectiveB．a(chǎn)ssociatedC．oppositeD．linked
小題11:
A．commentB．reflectionC．reactionD．respond
小題12:
A．providedB．offeredC．suppliedD．handed
小題13:
A．a(chǎn)greementB．effortC．impactD．a(chǎn)ffect
小題14:
A．cluesB．ideasC．conceptsD．suggestions
小題15:
A．riseB．enableC．decreaseD．enhance

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Picture a typical MBA lecture theatre twenty years ago. In it the majority of students will have conformed to (符合) the standard model of the time: male, middle class and Western. Walk into a class today, however, and you’ll get a completely different impression. For a start, you will now see plenty more women—the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School, for example, boasts that 40% of its new enrolment is female. You will also see a wide range of ethnic groups and nationals of practically every country.
It might be tempting, therefore, to think that the old barriers have been broken down and equal opportunity achieved. But, increasingly, this apparent diversity (多樣化) is becoming a mask for a new type of conformity. Behind the differences in sex, skin tones and mother tongues, there are common attitudes, expectations and ambitions which risk creating a set of clones among the business leaders of the future.
Diversity, it seems, has not helped to address fundamental weaknesses in business leadership. So what can be done to create more effective managers of the commercial world? According to Valerie Gauthier, associate dean at HEC Paris, the key lies in the process by which MBA programmes recruit (招聘) their students. At the moment candidates are selected on a fairly narrow set of criteria such as prior (以前的) academic and career performance, and analytical and problem solving abilities. This is then coupled to a school’s picture of what a diverse class should look like, with the result that passport, ethnic origin and sex can all become influencing factors. But schools rarely dig down to find out what really makes an applicant succeed, to create a class which also contains diversity of attitude and approach—arguably the only diversity that, in a business context, really matters.
Professor Gauthier believes schools should not just be selecting candidates from traditional sectors such as banking, consultancy and industry. They should also be seeking individuals who have backgrounds in areas such as political science, the creative arts, history or philosophy, which will allow them to put business decisions into a wider context.
Indeed, there does seem to be a demand for the more rounded leaders such diversity might create. A study by Mannaz, a leadership development company, suggests that, while the bully-boy chief executive of old may not have been eradicated (根除) completely, there is a definite shift in emphasis towards less tough styles of management—at least in America and Europe. Perhaps most significant, according to Mannaz, is the increasing interest large companies have in more collaborative (合作的) management models, such as those prevalent (流行的) in Scandinavia, which seek to integrate the hard and soft aspects of leadership and encourage delegated responsibility and accountability.
小題1:What characterizes the business school student population of today?
A．Greater diversity.B．Exceptional diligence.
C．Intellectual maturity.D．Higher ambition.
小題2:What is the author’s concern about current business school education?
A．It will arouse students’ unrealistic expectations.
B．It will produce business leaders of a uniform style.
C．It focuses on theory rather than on practical skills.
D．It stresses competition rather than cooperation.
小題3:What aspect of diversity does Valerie Gauthier think is most important?
A．Age and educational background.B．Attitude and approach to business.
C．Social and professional experience.D．Ethnic origin and gender.
小題4:What does Mannaz say about the current management style?
A．It is eradicating the tough aspects of management.
B．It encourages male and female executives to work side by side.
C．It adopts the bully-boy chief executive model.
D．It is shifting towards more collaborative models.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

BEIJING (AP) — Sandstorms whipping across China shrouded(遮蔽) cities in an unhealthy cloud of sand Monday, with winds carrying the pollution outside the mainland as far as Hong Kong and Taiwan.
It was the latest sign of the effects of desertification: Overgrazing, deforestation, urban sprawl(無計劃地擴展) and drought have expanded deserts in the country's north and west. The shifting sands have gradually moved onto populated areas and worsened sandstorms that strike cities, particularly in the spring.
Winds blowing from the northwest have been sweeping sand across the country since Saturday, affecting Xinjiang in the far west all the way to Beijing in the country's east. The sand and dust were carried to parts of southern China and even to cities in Taiwan, 1600 miles (2600 kilometers) away from Inner Mongolia where much of the pollution originated.
The sandstorm in Taiwan, an island 100 miles (160 kilometers) away from the mainland, forced people to cover their faces to avoid breathing in the grit(砂礫) that can cause chest discomfort and respiratory problems even in healthy people. Drivers complained their cars were covered in a layer of black soot in just 10 minutes.
In Hong Kong, environmental protection officials said pollution levels were climbing as the sandstorm moved south. Twenty elderly people sought medical assistance for shortness of breath, Hong Kong's radio RTHK reported.
The latest sandstorm was expected to hit South Korea on Tuesday, said Kim Seung-bum of the Korea Meteorological Administration. The sandstorm that raked(掠過) across China over the weekend caused the worst "yellow dust" haze in South Korea since 2005, and authorities issued a rare nationwide dust advisory.
Grit from Chinese sandstorms has been found to travel as far as the western United States.
China's Central Meteorological Station urged people to close doors and windows, and cover their faces with masks or scarves when going outside. Sensitive electronic and mechanical equipment should be sealed off, the station said in a warning posted Monday on its Web site.
State television's noon newscast showed the tourist city of Hangzhou on the eastern coast, where graceful bridges and waterside pagodas were hidden in a mix of sand and other pollution. In Beijing, residents and tourists with faces covered scurried along sidewalks to minimize exposure to the pollution.
A massive sandstorm hit Beijing in 2006, when winds dumped about 300,000 tons of sand on the capital.
小題1:We can learn from the text that           .
A．the sandstorms were purposely made by China.
B．the writer thinks that China government should be responsible for the pollution.
C．the sandstorms badly affected the air in US.
D．China's Central Meteorological Station will be closed.
小題2:The passage tells us that the sandstorms mainly came from      .
A．XinjiangB．HangzhouC．BeijingD．Inner Mongolia
小題3:The underlined word, “respiratory” (in Para.4) means         .
A．breathingB．digestingC．hearingD．walking
小題4:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．South Korea seldom issues nationwide dust advisories.
B．Taiwan is 1,600 miles from Beijing.
C．Sandstorms have hit Beijing more than once.
D．In Hong Kong some old people need help for shortness of breath caused by sandstorms.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When Geoff Marcy was 14, his parents bought him a telescope. Every night, he would go onto the roof outside his window to see the wonders of the sky.
“What excited me most was whether there were planets in other solar systems where life might exist,” he says. “I decided to try to find planets orbiting other stars like our Sun.”
And he did. “My fellow researcher, Paul Butler, and I found our first planet in 1995,” Dr. Marcy says. “We worked for ten years without finding anything! But we stuck with it and our patience paid off.”
Since then, the two scientists have discovered 65 of the more than 100 planets found orbiting other stars. Dr. Marcy and Dr. Butler also spotted the first “family” of three planets. In June 2002 they announced another discovery: a Jupiter-like planet orbiting star 55Cancri.
At first, the two researchers found only planets that orbit close to stars. Recently, the scientists found planets farther out. The planet orbiting 55Cancri is a major breakthrough: it is the first sighting of a large gas planet about same distance from the star as Jupiter is from the Sun.
Why is this important ? Scientists think that life on Earth may exist because of two special features in our solar system. The first is Jupiter.
“Because it’s so big, Jupiter pulls comets and asteroids(小行星), or they all come and hit the Earth.” Dr. Marcy explains. “Without Jupiter , life on Earth would likely have been destroyed.”
A second feature is that Earth is a rocky planet where liquid water, which is necessary for life , can exist. Unlike gas planets, rocky planets like Earth have surfaces where water can gather in pools and seas, which may support life. A huge space exists between the Jupiter-like planet and two other planets that lie close to 55Cancri. Is there an Earth-like planet in the space, too small for us to notice? If so, says Dr. Marcy, “We would have two striking similarities to our solar system: a Jupiter-like planet and an Earth-like planet. And there may be life!”
小題1:What can we learn about Dr. Marcy from the passage?
A．He is fond of watching Jupiter.
B．He is from a scientist family.
C．He dislikes working with Paul Butler.
D．He is interested in finding life in outer space.
小題2:Which of the following is true of the recent discovery?
A．The planet is not as protective as Jupiter.
B．The planet is close to star 55Cancri.
C．The planet proves to be a gas planet.
D．The planet is as large as Jupiter.
小題3:Dr. Marcy and Dr. Butler began to find new planets in ____.
A．1995B．1985C．2002D．1981
小題4:Dr. Marcy thinks that life may exist in the 55Cancri system because ____.
A．he has found the system similar to the solar system.
B．he has discovered an Earth-like planet there.
C．he has discovered a rocky planet there.
D．he has found signs of life in the system
小題5:“But we stuck with it”( in Paragraph 3) means ____.
A．they felt discouragedB．they carried on with it
C．they failed in their attemptD．they made some progress

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you long for lasting camp memories? Sure we can guarantee it.
Shadow Ridge Summer Camps offer so many exciting things for campers to do. Unlike other camp programs that include horses as a small part of their program, at Shadow Ridge horses ARE the program ! We are 100% horse from stable（馬廄）management, nature walks, and track rides to bedroom furnishings.
Horses help us achieve many of our aims. Girls can learn to develop responsibility, self-confidence and personal connections in their lives while having fun. Using horses as a wonderful tool for education, our camps offer an interesting place for growth and learning:
Imagine each girl having her very own horse to spend time with and a best friend to love and take care of. Each camper is responsible for a horse for the week. Our riding program provides a lot of riding and lesson time. Campers will learn how to take care of the horse and the tack（馬具）, as well as how to ride. Days are filled with horse-related activities to strengthen the connection between each girl and horse, as the girls learn to work safely around the horses.
At Shadow Ridge we try to create a loving, caring family atmosphere for our campers. We have “The Bunkhouse”（4 girls）, the “Wranglers Roost”（4 girls）, and “The Hideout”（2 girls）in our comfortable 177-year-old farm house. All meals are home cooked, offering delicious and healthy food for the hungry rider.
Our excellent activities create personalized memories of your child’s vacation. Each child will receive a camp T-shirt and a photo album （usually 300-500 pictures） of their stay at camp.
Our camps are offered during June, July and August 2013, for small groups of girls aged13-16 years, not only from Canada but also other parts of the world.
We will send you full program descriptions at your request.
小題1:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To attract people to the camps.
B．To talk about camping experiences.
C．To describe the programs of the camps.
D．To explain the aims of the camps.
小題2:What do we know about the camp programs at Shadow Ridge?
A．Campers are required to wear camp T-shirts.
B．Horses play a central role in the activities.
C．Campers learn to cook food for themselves.
D．Horse lessons are offered all the year round.
小題3:The programs at Shadow Ridge mainly aim to help people ________.
A．understand horses betterB．enjoy a family atmosphere
C．have fun above other thingsD．a(chǎn)chieve an educational purpose
小題4:The passage is written mainly for ________.
A．horse ridersB．teenage girls
C．Canadian parentsD．international travelers

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Every time you go to the supermarket, you come away with your purchases in plastic bags. But wouldn’t it be kinder to the environment if you asked for paper bags instead?
The answer is not the easy as it might seem. Environmentalists say there are drawbacks to using both plastic bags and paper bags.
According to the American Plastics Council 80 percent of groceries in the US are packed in plastic bags.
“The numbers are becoming huge,” said Vincent Cobb, a businessman from Chicago who set up “reusable bags. com” on the Internet. He notes that consumers use between 500 billion and 1 trillion plastic bags per year worldwide.
Some experts believe that all these bags harm the environment. Plastic takes hundreds of years to break down and, as it does so, poisonous materials are released into the water and soil.
Further damage is caused if plastic bags enter the sea. For example, endangered sea turtles cannot tell the bags from jellyfish(水母), their main source of food, and often choke on them.
Floating plastic bags have been spotted as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far south as the southern end of South America. One expert predicts that, within ten years, plastic bags will wash up in Antarctica!
However, this kind of bag does have its advantages.
“Plastic grocery bags are some of the most reused things around the house,” explained Laurie Kusek of the American Plastics Council.
According to the Film and Bag Federation, a trade group in the US plastics industry, paper bags use more energy and create more waste than plastic bags. Plastic bags require 40 per cent less energy to produce and cause 70 per cent less air pollution, the group explained. They also release as much as 94 percent less waste into the water than paper ones.
But paper bags do break down more quickly than plastic bags. They don’t endanger wildlife, either.
So what should we do? One possible solution would be to use biodegradable(能被生物分解的)plastic bags. But until biodegradable technology improves, it might be easier to pack things you buy in reusable cloth bags.
小題1:The best title of the passage is _____.
A．Paper Causes Less Pollution
B．Plastic Causes Less Pollution
C．Paper and Plastics Cause Pollution
D．Paper Bags Break Down More Quickly
小題2:The underlined word “drawbacks” might mean “_____”.
A．AdvantagesB．disadvantagesC．a(chǎn)ir pollutionD．waste
小題3:According to the passage, which of the following in NOT true?
A．Plastic takes longer to break down than paper.
B．Sea turtles usually mistake the plastic bags for jellyfish.
C．Paper bags require less energy than plastic bags.
D．You’d better pack things in reusable cloth bags.
小題4:Which of the following shows that paper bags are better than plastic ones?
A．Paper bags take less time to rot.
B．Paper bags cause less air pollution.
C．Paper bags are more reusable.
D．Paper bags cause less water pollution.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

One is never too old to learn. Life learning (sometimes called un-schooling or self-directed learning) is one of those concepts that are almost easier to explain by saying what it isn’t than what it is. And that’s probably because our own schooled backgrounds have convinced us that learning happens only in a fine building on certain days, between certain hours, and managed by a specially trained professional.
Within that schooling framestudy, no matter how hard teachers try and no matter how good their textbooks, many bright students get bored, many slower students struggle and give up or lose their self-respect, and most of them reach the end of the process unprepared to enter into society. They have memorized a certain body of knowledge long enough to rush back the information on tests, but they haven’t really learnt much, at least of the official curriculum.
Life learners, on the other hand, know that learning is not difficult, that people learn things quite easily if they’re not compelled and forced, if they see a need to learn something, and if they are trusted and respected enough to learn it on their own timetable, at their own speed, in their own way—no matter what age and no matter whether we’re at school or at home.
Life learning is independent of time, location or the presence of teacher. It does not require mom or dad to teach, or kids to work in workbooks at the table from 9 to noon. Life learning is learner-driven. It involves living and learning—in and from the real world. It is about exploring, questioning, experimenting, making messes, taking risks without fear of making mistakes, being laughed at and trying again.
Furthermore, life learning is about trusting kids to learn what they need to know and about helping them to learn and grow in their own ways. It is about providing positive experiences that enable children to understand the world and their culture and to interact with it.
小題1:It is implied in the text that it is hard to ______.
A．tell the nature of life learning 　　B．carry life learning through
C．learn without going to school 　　D．find a specially trained teacher
小題2:According to the author, the schooling framestudy often ______.
A．produces slow students with poor memories
B．ignores some parts of the official curriculum
C．fails to provide enough knowledge about life
D．gives little care to the quality of teaching materials
小題3:Life learners recognize that learning will not be difficult if they are ______.
A．a(chǎn)ble to respect other people　B．careful to make a time table
C．clear about why to learn　　D．cautious about any mistakes
小題4:According to the author, life learning ______.
A．could prevent one from running risks
B．teaches a kid how to avoid being laughed at
C．makes a kid independent of his parents
D．could be a road full of trials and errors
小題5:Through life learning, children ______.
A．will grow without the assistance from parents
B．will be seperated from the negative side of society
C．will be driven to learn necessary life knowledge
D．will learn to communicate with the real society

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案