Most episodes of absent-minded-forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”

Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situation. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe(衣柜). “Your memory itself isn’t failing you,” says Schacter, “Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed.”

Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,” says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox.” Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they are more interested in what’s happening around them, and memory relies on just that.

Visual cues(提示) can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,” he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the bill bottle on the kitchen table—don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,” says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.

1.What does the underlined word “episode” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?

A. Experiences. B. Experiments. C. Expressions. D. Feelings.

2.According to the passage, women have better memories than men probably because ________.

A. they have a wider range of interests

B. they always put things where they were

C. they pay more attention to their environment

D. they prefer to write notes to tell them what they should do

3.What can help prevent absent-mindedness according to Schacter?

A. Writing notes. B. Taking some medicine.

C. Putting something in sight. D. Returning to where you were.

4.What is the best title for the text?

A. A Way of Recalling B. The Importance of Encoding

C. Cures for Absent-mindedness D. Causes of Absent-mindedness

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