18．Mrs．Obama spoke to the graduates of Martin Luther King Jr．High School on Saturday in her only high school commencement（畢業(yè)典禮）speech this year．The ceremony took place in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University．
The first lady told the 170graduates that she spent too much of her time in college focusing on academe achievements．While her success in college and law school led to a good job，she said，she ended up focusing on public service．"My message to you today is that don't waste a minute living someone else's dream，"she said．"It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you won't find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net．"
She said MLK reminded her of her own high school experience in Chicago．"My No.1goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me，"she said．"I wanted to go somewhere that would celebrate achievement．Unfortunately，schools like this don't exist for every kid．"she said．"You are blessed．"
The first lady told graduates that failure may be a part of their college lives and careers，and that how they respond determines what they will become．"That's when you find out what you're really made of in those hard times，"she said．"But you can only do that if you're willing to put yourself in a position where you might fail．"Overcoming difficulties has been the mark of many great people，she said，"Oprah was demoted（降職）from her first job as a news reporter，and now she doesn't even need a last name，"she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey"And then there's this guy Barack Obama，I could take up a whole afternoon talking about his failures．He lost his first race for Congress"，the first lady joked，"and now he gets to call himself my husband．"

29．When choosing her high school，Mrs．ObamaA．
A．was willing to meet challenges        B．was pushed to make a choice
C．failed to find an ideal school        D．wanted to study law
30．By mentioning Oprah's example，Mrs．Obama wanted to tell graduatesC．
A．to start as a news reporter            B．to work hard to get promoted
C．to be brave enough to risk failing     D．not to waste time doing what they dislike
31．What do we know about Mrs．Obama from the text？D
A．This was the first time she gave a speech to graduates．
B．She complained about her school life in her speech．
C．She is a graduate of Tennessee State University．
D．She is enthusiastic about public service．
32．Where can you probably find this text？B
A．In a politics book．         B．On a news website．
C．In a graduation paper．      D．On Mrs．Obama's blog．

分析 又是一年畢業(yè)季，美國(guó)第一夫人米歇爾•奧巴馬向畢業(yè)生現(xiàn)身說(shuō)法，告誡他們?cè)诖髮W(xué)、生活和工作中要走自己的路，依靠決心和勇氣戰(zhàn)勝不可避免的失敗．

解答 29-32 ACDB
29．A  細(xì)節(jié)理解題．由第三段的"My No.1 goal was to go to a high school that would push me and challenge me"可知，奧巴馬夫人選擇高中時(shí)，非常樂(lè)意遇到挑戰(zhàn)．
30．C  推理判斷題．根據(jù)最后一段開(kāi)頭"…The first lady told graduates that failure may be a part of their college lives and careers，and that how they respond determines what they will become．"可知，以O(shè)prah為例子是為了告訴畢業(yè)生們，要敢于和失敗作斗爭(zhēng)，失敗是生命中必不可少的磨練人的東西．
31．D  推理判斷題．由第二段的"she said，she ended up focusing on public service．"My message to you today is that don't waste a minute living someone else's dream，"she said．"It takes a lot of real work to discover what brings you joy and you won't find what you love simply by checking mailboxes or surfing the net．"可知她對(duì)公共服務(wù)很熱心，故D正確．
32．B  推理判斷題．縱觀全文，奧巴馬夫人用自己和奧巴馬先生上學(xué)時(shí)候的經(jīng)歷鼓勵(lì)畢業(yè)生們要勇敢地面對(duì)自己的未來(lái)．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 如何做好推理判斷題？生做題時(shí)一定要從整體上把握語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，在語(yǔ)篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息間架起橋梁，透過(guò)字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的弦外之音．
　　首先，要求考生在閱讀時(shí)，要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義．在進(jìn)行推理時(shí)，考生一定要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，千萬(wàn)不可脫離原文而僅憑個(gè)人的看法，主觀臆斷．
　　其次，對(duì)于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)理解能力，抓住材料實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西．
　　再次，在解答推理性問(wèn)題時(shí)，應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問(wèn)題是針對(duì)某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對(duì)主題 思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷．
　　針對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用scanning方法，迅速在閱讀材料中確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍，然后再進(jìn)行推理判斷．
　　針對(duì)主題 思想 作推斷時(shí)，其解題的主要依據(jù)是文章的主題 思想，然后再分析句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，區(qū)分觀點(diǎn)與例證（opinion and fact）、原因與結(jié)果（cause and effect）、主觀點(diǎn)與次觀點(diǎn)（main idea and supporting idea）．

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