11．Can people change their skin colour without suffering like pop king Michael Jackson？Perhaps yes．Scientists have found the gene that determines skin colour．
The gene comes in two versions，one of which is found in 99per cent of Europeans．The other is found in 93to 100per cent of Africans，researchers at Pennsylvania State University report in the latest issue of Science．
Scientists have changed the colour of a dark-striped zebrafish to uniform gold by inserting a version of the pigment （色素） gene into a young fish．As with humans，zebrafish skin colour is determined by pigment cells，which contain melanosomes （黑色素）．The number，size and darkness of melanosomes per pigment cell determines skin colour．
It appears that，like the golden zebrafish，light-skinned Europeans also have a mutation（變異） in the gene for melanosome production．This results in less pigmented skin．
However，Keith Cheng，leader of the research team，points out that the mutation is different in human and zebrafish genes．
Humans acquired dark skin in Africa about 1.5million years ago to protect bodies from ultra-violet rays of the sun （太陽光紫外線），which can cause skin cancer．
But when modern humans leave Africa to live in northern latitudes，they need more sunlight on their skin to produce vitamin D．So the related gene changes，according to Cheng．
Asians have the same version of the gene as Africans，so they probably acquired their light skin through the action of some other gene that affects skin colour，said Cheng．
The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer．It also could lead to research into ways to change skin colour without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson．

71．The passage mainly tells us thatD．
A．people can not change their skin colour without any pain
B．the new discovery could lead to search into ways to change skin colour safely
C．pop king Michael Jackson often changed his skin colour as he liked
D．scientists have found out that people's skin colour is determined by the gene
72．It can be inferred from the passage thatA．
A．nowadays people who want to change their skin colour have to suffer a lot from the damage caused by the chemical treatment
B．Europeans and Africans have the same gene
C．the new discovery could help to find medical treatments for skin cancer
D．there are two kinds of genes
73．Scientists have done an experiment on a dark-striped zebrafish in order toB．
A．find the different genes of humans'
B．prove the humans'skin colour is determined by the pigment gene
C．find out the reason why the Africans'skin colour is dark
D．find out the ways of changing people's skin colour
74．The reason why Europeans are light-skinned is probably thatB．
A．they are born light-skinned people
B．light-skinned Europeans have mutation in the gene for melanosome production
C．they have fewer activities outside
D．they pay much attention to protecting their skin
75．The writer's attitude towards the discovery isC．
A．neutral          B．negative
C．positive         D．indifferent．

分析 這是一篇科普文．科學家們找到了決定人類膚色的基因．

解答 71-75．DABBC
71題答案：D考查主旨大意，本文講的是科學家們找到了決定人類膚色的基因；故本題答案為D選項．
72題答案：A考查細節(jié)推理，根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句It also could lead to research into ways to change skin colour without damaging it like chemical treatment did on Michael Jackson．（它也能引導不用像邁克杰克遜所接受的化學治療而使得皮膚受損的改變皮膚的方法研究）可知本題答案為A選項．
73題答案：B細節(jié)理解題．依據(jù)文章第三段可知，科學家把一種色素基因植入斑馬魚的幼魚體內(nèi)，將其變成了金色，從而證明了和人類一樣，斑馬魚的膚色也是由色素細胞決定的，由此可知B項正確．   
74題答案：B細節(jié)理解題．依據(jù)文章第四段可知，像金斑馬魚一樣，歐洲人產(chǎn)生黑色素的基因產(chǎn)生了突變，使得黑色素減少，才使他們膚色變淺了．由此可知B項正確．
75題答案：C推理判斷題．依據(jù)文章最后一段的首句The new discovery could lead to medical treatments for skin cancer．這一發(fā)現(xiàn)有助于使用藥物治療來攻克皮膚癌．由此可知作者對這個發(fā)現(xiàn)持肯定的態(tài)度，故本題答案為C選項．

點評 本文是一篇科教類閱讀，題目涉及多道細節(jié)理解題，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對 性找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案．推理判斷也是要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確的答案．

練習冊系列答案
相關習題

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

1．American children aren't the only couch potatoes．According to a study of over 70，000teens in 34nations，nearly 1/3of children globally spend three hours a day or more watching TV or on computers．From Argentina to Zambia，Regina Guthold of the World Health Organization in Geneva and her colleagues found most children aren't getting enough exercise and it made no difference if they lived in a rich or a poor country．"With regard to physical activity levels，we did not find much of a difference between poor and rich countries，"Guthold said．"Growing up in a poor country does not necessarily mean that kids get more physical activity．"The study，published in The Journal of Pediatrics，looked at 72，845schoolchildren aged 13to 15from North an South America，Asia，Europe，and the Middle East．The children were surveyed between 2003and 2007．
The researchers defined adequate physical activity as at least an hour of exercise outside of gym class at least five days a week．Children who spent three or more hours a day watching TV，playing computer games，or chatting with friends----except from time in school or time spent doing homework---were classified as sedentary （久坐的）．The researchers found only 1/4of the boys and 15% of girls were getting enough exercise by these definitions.1/4of boys and approximately 30% of girls were sedentary and didn't get enough exercise with girls less active than boys in every country except from Zambia．While the study didn't look at the reasons behind the lack of physical activity in various nations，it is believed that urbanization（城市化） could be a factor as well as to cars and TVs．

61．What is the passage mainly about？A
A．A study about kids lacking physical activity．
B．Why most kids are couch potatoes．
C．What is adequate physical activity．
D．Activity and a country's development．
62．What did Regina Guthold and her colleagues find according to the passage？D
A．Rural children get more physical activities．
B．Boys get less physical exercise than girls．
C．Children in rich countries enjoy better sports facilities
D．Most children are lack of physical exercise．
63．What does the speaker say about the study？D
A．It lasted for more than five years．
B．It was carried out in America，Asia and Africa．
C．It surveyed 72，000school children．
D．It defined how much exercise is enough．
64．According to the passage，why can't children get adequate physical activity？B
A．There is limited space for physical exercise．
B．Urbanization results in the kids'lack of activities．
C．Children have great academic pressure．
D．The education system neglects （忽視） physical health．
65．Which of the following is Not True？C
A．Besides America，many countries'children are couch potatoes．
B．Sedentary refers to children who does not do enough exercise．
C．Girls are as active as boys in Zambia．
D．As to physical activity levels，children in poor nations are not different from in rich．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

2．Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon？Many people feel this way after lunch．They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness．Or，in summer，they may think it is the heat．However，the real reason lies inside their bodies．At that time-about eight hours after you wake up-your body temperature goes down．This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy．Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day．The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern （模式）．They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later．
In many parts of the world，people take naps（小睡） in the middle of the day．This is especially true in warmer climates，where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon．Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate．A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general．In countries where naps are traditional，people often suffer less from problems such as heart disease．
Many working people，unfortunately，have no time to take naps．Though doctors may advise taking naps，employers do not allow it!If you do have the chance，however，here are a few tips about making the most of your nap．Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up．A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward．This can also happen if you sleep for too long．If you do not have enough time，try a short nap-even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful．
60．Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text？C
A．They eat too much for lunch．
B．They sleep too little at night．
C．Their body temperature becomes lower．
D．The weather becomes a lot warmer．
61．If you get up at 6：30 am，what is the best time for you to take a nap？D
A．About 12：30 pm
B．About 1：30 pm．
C．About 3：30 pm                          
D．About 2：30 pm
62．What would be the best title for the text？B
A．Just for a Rest                           
B．All for a Nap
C．A Special Sleep Pattern
D．Taking Naps in Warmer Climate．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

19．People who smoke could lose around one third of their daily memory，researchers say．
    A study by a team at Northumbria University showed that smokers lost more of their memory when compared to non-smokers．
    And the research also found that those who kicked the habit saw their ability to recollect information restored to almost the same level as non-smokers．
    The study involved more than seventy 18-to-25-year-olds and included a tour of the university's campus．Those who took part were asked to recall small details，such as a list of songs played at a campus concert and tasks completed at various points-known as real world memory test．Smokers performed badly，remembering just 59 percent of tasks．But those who had given up smoking remembered 74 percent and those who had never smoked recalled 81 percent of tasks．
    Dr．Tom Heffernan，who leads Northumbria University's Collaboration for Drug and Alcohol Research Group，said the findings would be useful in anti-smoking campaigns．He said，"Given that there are up to 10 million smokers in the UK and as many as 45 million in the United States，it's important to understand the effects smoking has on everyday cognitive（認知的）function-of which prospective memory is an excellent example．"
"This is the first time that a study has set out to examine whether giving up smoking has an impact on memory．We already know that giving up smoking has huge health benefits for the body，but this study also shows how stopping smoking can have knock-on benefits for cognitive functions too．''
    The research will now investigate the effects of passive smoking on memory，while Dr．Heffernan and Dr．Terence O'Neil will look into the effects of third-hand smoking-toxins left on curtains and furniture．
1．What's the main idea of the passage？C
    A．Smoking does harm to health．
    B．Smokers take a tour to the University's campus．
    C．Smoking can affect one's memory．
    D．Smokers are compared to non-smokers．
2．How did those who took part in the study perform when asked to recall small details？A
    A．Smokers did the worst among the participants．
    B．Non-smokers could recall about half of them．
    C．Smokers could recall nothing at all．
    D．Those who gave up smoking did best．
3．According to Dr．Tom Heffernan，the findingsB．
    A．would be really a surprise to the public
    B．would contribute to fighting against smoking
    C．would be used in real world memory test
    D．would be nothing new to the researchers
4．What does the underlined word"impact''most probably mean？D
    A．order    B．impression    C．expression    D．effect
5．What will Dr．Heffernan and Dr Terence O'Neil do？A
    A．Investigate the effects of third-hand smoking．
    B．Do research on how smoking affects passive smokers．
    C．Find ways to persuade people to quit smoking．
    D．Study whether giving up smoking affects memory．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：完形填空

6．Clearly if we are to participate in the society in which we live，we must communicate with other people．A great deal of（50）Ais performed on a person-to-person basis by the simple（51）Dof speech．If we travel in buses，buy things in shops，or eat in restaurants，we are likely to have（52）Awhere we give information or opinions，receive news or comment，and very（53）Bhave our views challenged by other members of society．
Face-to-face（54）Ais by no means the only form of communication and during the last two hundred years the art of mass communication has become one of the（55）Bfactors of current society．Two things，above others，have caused the enormous（56）Aof the communication industry．Firstly，inventiveness has（57）Cadvances in imprinting，telecommunications，photography，radio and television．Secondly，speed has revolutionized the transmission and reception of communications so that local news often takes a back seat to national news，which itself is often almost eclipsed （失去優(yōu)勢）by international news．
No longer is the possession of information（58）Bto a wealthy minority．In the last century the wealthy man with his own library was indeed（59）A，but today there are public libraries．Forty years ago people used to go to the cinema，but now far more people sit at home and turn on the TV to watch a program that is being（6）0A_ into millions of homes．
Communication is no longer merely concerned with the transmission of information．The modem communication（61）Athe way people live in society and broadens their horizons by allowing（62）Bto information，education and entertainment．The printing，broadcasting and advertising industries are all involved with informing，educating and entertaining．
Although a great deal of the material communicated by the mass media is very（63）Cto the individual and to the society，of which he is a part，the vast modem network of communication is open to misuse（64）D，the mass media ARE with us，for better，for worse，and there is no turning back．
50．A．communicatingB．deliveringC．a(chǎn)ddressingD．exchanging
51．A．ideasB．explanationsC．solutionsD．means
52．A．conversationsB．conferencesC．a(chǎn)ttemptsD．interruptions
53．A．reluctantlyB．likelyC．a(chǎn)bsolutelyD．suddenly
54．A．contactB．occasionC．feedbackD．reaction
55．A．challengingB．dominatingC．a(chǎn)ttractingD．improving
56．A．growthB．increaseC．a(chǎn)pprovalD．invention
57．A．come throughB．resulted fromC．led toD．brought in
58．A．givenB．restrictedC．opposedD．guaranteed
59．A．fortunateB．visibleC．hopefulD．respectable
60．A．channeledB．boughtC．a(chǎn)ppliedD．transformed
61．A．influencesB．providesC．correctsD．protects
62．A．guidanceB．a(chǎn)ccessC．movementD．reception
63．A．considerableB．impressiveC．valuableD．a(chǎn)vailable
64．A．in additionB．for exampleC．thereforeD．however

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

16．If you want to stay young，sit down and have a good think．This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors，who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercise and，as a result，we are growing old unnecessarily soon．
Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why quite healthy in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a rather early age，and how the speed of getting old could be slowed down．
With a team of researchers at Tokyo National University，he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages with different jobs．Computer technology helped the researchers to get most exact measurements of the volume of the front and side parts of the brain，which have something to do with intellect and feelings，and decide the human character．As we all know，the back part of the brain，which controls task like eating and breathing，does not contract with age．
Contraction of front and side parts-as cells die off-was seen in some people in their thirties，but it was still not found in some sixty and seventy-year-olds．
Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple way to prevent the contraction-using the head．
The findings show that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns．"Those with least possibility，"says Matsuzawa，"are lawyers，followed by university professors and doctors．White collar workers doing the same work day after day in government offices are，however，as possible to have contracting brains as the farm worker，bus driver and shop assistant．"
72．The team of doctors wanted to find outC．
A．a(chǎn)t what point people grow mentally old
B．how to make people live longer
C．the size of certain people's brains
D．which people are the most clever
73．Their research findings are based onC．
A．a(chǎn)n examination of farmers in northern Japan
B．tests given on a thousand old people
C．examining the brain volumes of different people
D．using computer technology
74．The doctors'tests show thatD．
A．our brains contract as we grow older
B．one part of the brain does not contract
C．sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds
D．some people's brains have contracted earlier than other people's
75．The most possible conclusion of the passage is thatC．
A．most of us take more exercise 
B．it's better to live in the town
C．the brain contracts if it is not used
D．the more one uses his brain，the sooner he becomes old．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

3．Living with physical disabilities can be challenging in all kinds of ways．But different from what most parents think，physical disabilities are no barrier（障礙）to a child enjoying all the benefits that healthy exercise and outdoor play can bring．The importance of exercise has been stressed in recent years as the problems connected with being too fat and poor mental（精神的）health become ever more widespread．Being physically disabled does not mean that a child cannot be affected by these problems．And being active is a natural and fun way of preventing problems like these from having a bad influence．
A swimming pool is one of the best places possible for physically disabled children to enjoy themselves．With proper support，whether from parents or from correctly trained professionals，children can get great benefits from being in the pool．The water provides both support and resistance（阻力），giving a cardiovascular（心血管的）workout as well as making muscles strong．Being able to feel free in a way that is not possible on land is another benefit of swimming．
It is possible to play most ball games with a group of children in wheelchairs．Moving and dancing to music is a great social activity for physically disabled children as well as something parents call enjoy with children．A parent or carer can help the child move in time to music or show movements to the child．Playing a modified （調(diào)整的）form of volleyball with a lowered net means that children in wheelchairs can take part and healthy people can sit on chairs to play with them．
With some imagination，enjoying activities with a child who is disabled is not a problem．With access to some special equipment，children with physical disabilities do not have to be limited in how they play．

72．What do most parents think of the children with physical disabilities？B
A．They can't really enjoy their lives．
B．They can't enjoy physical activities．
C．They have to stay indoors to protect themselves．
D．They are more likely to become too fat．
73．What benefits can physically disabled children get from swimming？C
a．getting support from professionals
b．making their muscles stronger
c．doing good to their heart
d．enjoying themselves by feeling free
A．a(chǎn)cd    B．a(chǎn)bd    C．bcd    D．a(chǎn)be
74．Why is dancing a good form of exercise for physically disabled children？A
A．It can offer them a chance to socialize with others．
B．It is easy for them to copy the musical movements．
C．It is the only exercise that they can do without wheelchairs
D．It is the most common exercise that they can enjoy with their parents
75．The passage is written toC
A．tell disabled children the importance of exercise
B．teach parents how to treat their disabled children
C．encourage disabled children to take physical activities
D．call on people to pay more attention to disabled children．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

20．Knowing the best way to study will help you to be a better student．By using your time properly，you can do your homework more quickly．Learning to study is not difficult．
The first thing to remember is that you must be willing to learn．It doesn't mean that you must always like the subject．It does mean，however，that you must be wil1ing to do whatever is necessary to learn．Try to understand why it is important and how it will help you now and later to do and learn other things．Knowing mathematics facts will be useful in your whole life．Knowing how to spell makes any kind of writing easier．Sometimes subject that you think is going to be uninteresting will be exciting when you begin to work at it and understand it more clearly．Learning things can be fun if you are willing to work with them．
Here's some advice for you：have a certain time each day and a quiet place with good lighting for study，so that you can concentrate on your study without interruptions（中斷）； have everything ready before you sit down to study，a dictionary，paper，a pen and books； be sure you understand what you should learn before you start； read carefully and pay special attention to the most important things； when memorizing，first find out the main parts and then recite the whole thing； check your homework after you finish it； never forget the importance of review and preview．
62．The main object of the article isD
A．to prove that learning is not difficult   
B．to make the readers be interested in study
C．to tell the importance of self teaching  
D．to tell the students how to study well
63．The first thing to remember in studying is thatC
A．you must like the subject               
B．you must follow the teacher
C．you must enjoy learning 
D．you must study hard
64．We learn things becauseC
A．our parents want us to learn           
B．every student learns at school
C．we may use these things in the future  
D．we like the subjects
65．Which of the following is NOT the advice given in the article？B
A．To put a pen，paper and books beside you before study．
B．To study at any possible time and place．
C．To review and preview．
D．To pay attention to the most important things．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：填空題

1．To apply for（申請）a ideal university，she worked hard to graduate with high marks．

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習冊答案