Question

【題目】Almost every child is scared of something, from monsters in the cupboard to dogs in the park. But the fact that such fears are common and normal doesn’t mean they can be taken lightly. Kids experience fears and phobias (恐懼癥） much more strongly than adults. And the influence of the fear can be physical as well as psychological (心理的）. It can build up so they almost seem scared of everything-a kind of childhood anxiety. Dr. Creswell says: “Your child may always seem to expect the worst to happen and lack confidence as they grow up.” So don’t make the same old mistake of treating them as if they’re silly for being a “scared cat”. Handling the fears is essential.

Children can be born nervous and if you have such a baby, you’ll tend to prevent them from getting worried. So if they fear dogs, You’ll keep them away from dogs, but in fact that can just confirm to the child that dogs are scary. What is worse, keeping your child away from what they fear can turn that feeling into a phobia. Instead, you should encourage them to get in touch with the thing they fear, in a safe and supportive environment. Dr. Andy Field, a researcher of childhood fears, says: “You shouldn’t force, for example, an anxious child to go up to a dog. But you can approach it yourself, show them there is nothing to be afraid of, stroke (撫摸） it, and talk about the dog being friendly. Once your child dares to stroke a dog-one that’s good with children, of course-then you should encourage them to carry on until they feel calmer, and reward them for‘being brave’.”

【1】Children’s fears are usually taken lightly because .

A. they will not develop into phobias B. their influence is psychological

C. they exist widely in the world D. they will disappear gradually

【2】If we fail to help children to overcome fears, they will .

A. make the same old mistake B. overcome them by themselves

C. experience the worst of things D. grow up lacking self-confidence

【3】According to Dr. Andy Field, if a child is afraid of a cat, parents should .

A. tell the child not to be afraid of it B. show the child it’s safe to approach it

C. keep the child away from it D. ask the child to stroke it

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】D

【3】B

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。短文主要講述了父母如何幫助孩子克服恐懼，從而使他們健康快樂地成長。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段But the fact that such fears are common and normal doesn’t mean they can be taken lightly雖然這種恐懼很常見且平常，但不應(yīng)該輕被忽視�？芍�，孩子的恐懼被忽視的原因是因為它是普遍存在的。故C選項正確。

【2】推理判斷題。由第一段It can build up so they almost seem scared of everything-a kind of childhood anxiety. Dr. Creswell says: Your child may always seem to expect the worst to happen and lack confidence as they grow up可知，這種恐懼可以增強，導(dǎo)致他們害怕一切事物。 因此，如果我們不幫助孩子們克服這種恐懼，那他們有可能變得什么都怕，可能總是覺得最壞的事情會發(fā)生，對自己沒有一點兒信心。故D選項正確。

【3】推理判斷。由最后一段Instead, you should encourage them to get in touch with the thing they fear, in a safe and supportive environment和下文與狗接近的例子。我們可以推理判斷出，如果孩子怕貓，雖然不能強迫孩子接近它，但是父母可以示范去接近它，來消除孩子的恐懼。故B選項正確。

事物共性推斷是根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，運用自己 掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識進行分析、推敲，從而得出對另一個共性事物的看法的一種推斷方法，解答此類題，不僅需要我們有一定的生活基礎(chǔ)知識，而且還需要對細(xì)節(jié)以及有關(guān)背景知識有一個充分的理解。小題3要求推斷出如果孩子怕貓，父母應(yīng)該怎么做？但是短文內(nèi)并沒有提到貓，而提到是狗。但我們知道貓和狗都是日常生活中經(jīng)常見到的動物，都會弄傷人類，孩子們都可能害怕他們。這就是他們的共性。所以我們能從人們接近狗的例子中推斷出，如果小孩子怕貓，那么父母也可以采取像接近狗的例子那樣的做法，以此來消除孩子的恐懼感。故正確答案很快就會被找出。