Question

Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.

Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.

One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.

Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.

1.It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.

A. there is a serious shortage of academic facilities.

B. homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education.

C. the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties.

D. many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities.

2.The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____.

A. 440,000    B. 110,000   C. 350,000　D. 1,500,000

3.One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____.

A. the homeless children usually stay outside school.

B. some homeless children are deserted by their families.

C. the homeless children are too young to be counted as children.

D. the homeless population is growing rapidly.

4.The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___.

A. the address of grade-school children should be located.

B. all homeless people are entitled to free education.

C. the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized.

D. the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine.

5.The passage mainly deals with ____.

A. the social status of older males.

B. estimates on the homeless population.

C. the legal problems of the homeless children.

　　D. the educational problems of homeless children.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.A

2.A

3.B

4.C

5.D

【解析】

試題分析：

1.主旨推斷題。由第一段可知Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.許多無家可歸的孩子聚集在市中心，這種激增現(xiàn)象令人吃驚的學生數(shù)量對于已經(jīng)負擔過重的城鎮(zhèn)老師和學校領(lǐng)導來說也產(chǎn)生了額外的問題—法律上的和教育方面的問題�？芍�，第一段暗含著教學設(shè)施嚴重短缺的問題。故選A

2.細節(jié)題。從第二段. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.一份基于官方估計的美國教育部報告稱有220000的無家可歸的學齡兒童，其中1/3不能按時上學，但流浪者國家聯(lián)合委員會估計，無家可歸的孩子至少有兩倍，并且只有不到一半的兒童能按時上學，可知，國家聯(lián)合委員會估計的無家可歸的學齡兒童人數(shù)為220000*2=440000.故選A

3.細節(jié)題。第三段One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes.有一部分無家可歸的人數(shù)是很難估計的，那是因為他們是由一些已經(jīng)被家庭拋棄的孩子組成。故選B

4.推斷題。由第四段最后一句The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.可知，麥金尼運動的教育宗旨是他們相信所有無家可歸的孩子都有權(quán)利接受一個免費適當?shù)慕逃�。可知，作者寫Mcking ACT是為了給我們說明無家可歸的孩子們的教育問題正在被引起重視了。故選C.文章并未提到小學兒童的地址應(yīng)被定位。排除A.文章只講到所有流浪孩子有得到免費教育的權(quán)利，并不是說所有無家可歸的人都有免費教育權(quán)利。排除B。本例并沒有講到數(shù)量難以估計。排除D

5.主旨題。第一自然段，二段和最后一段均講到了education，可知，這篇文章主要涉及到的是無家可歸的孩子們的教育。故選D.A中文章并不是著重講老人的社會地位問題，知識第一句話舉了個實例。文中講到了無家可歸的人數(shù)難以估計，但這并不是重點闡述的話題。排除B.同樣文中并沒有提到法律方面的問題，C排除。

考點：說明文

點評：本文講述了美國社會無家可歸孩子的教育方面的問題。本文采用總分的形式，對legal problem和educational problem進行了說明，本文主要說明了后者。答此類題型時，首先注意細節(jié)題的答題技巧，一定要仔細的對比原文和題目中的異同，對句意要充分的理解。對于主旨題和推斷題可以利用排除法，每一道這樣的題目都會在文章中的相應(yīng)位置找到，學生在答題時應(yīng)抓住答案所在文章中的那一段的段意，弄清楚作者主要在講什么，在結(jié)合排除法逐一作答，這樣題目就能迎刃而解了。

 

                              C

【題文】Are you a media addict who would go mad after two hours without TV, friend requests, exciting online games and your mobile – or would you easily survive?

Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called Unplugged. It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours.

Unplugged is being run by Dr Roman Gerodimos, a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth University. The experiment is now over but he doesn’t yet know the full findings. However, during the experiment, Dr Gerodimos said there were already signs of how much the exercise affected volunteers. He said: “They’re reporting withdrawal symptoms(癥狀), overeating, feeling nervous, isolated and disconnected.” During their 24-hour painful experience, three of the experiment’s guinea pigs had to endure one intrusion(侵擾) from the media: a BBC reporter plus cameraman who followed them around for the day. They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline, but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops. Elliot Day wrote: “Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air. Despite being aware of the social importance of the media, I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.” From Caroline Scott, we read: “I didn’t expect it, but being prevented from the media for 24 hours resulted in my day-to-day activities becoming so much harder to carry out than usual… I didn’t break out in a cold sweat like our lecturer expected us all to, but it’s not something I would like to do again!” And Charlotte Gay wrote: “I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been my mobile; not only is it a social tool, it’s my main access point of communication.”

Earlier in the year, a UK government study found that in the UK we spend about half our waking hours using the media, often plugged into several things at once. And a recent study by Nielson found that on average, US teenagers send and receive over 3,000 texts per month ---that’s about six texts per waking hour. So, with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate, how much time will you set aside for sleep in the future?

6.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?

   A. To ask for information.               B. To entertain the readers.

   C. To lead to the topic.                 D. To present an idea.

7.About Dr. Roman Gerodimos’ experiment, we know that ________.

   A. volunteers felt uncomfortable in it. 

B. volunteers didn’t want to eat anything.

   C. the experiment was still going on.   

D. volunteers were allowed to take their laptops.

8.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Three pigs were included in the experiment.  

B. A BBC reporter discussed the experiment.

C. During the 24 hours’ experiment the volunteers wrote out their experiences. 

D. The lecturer had expected sweat would suddenly appear on the volunteers through fear.

9.What does the sentence “…was thrown up into the air” most probably means?

   A. went on normally.                 B. was completely disturbed.

   C. turned out perfect.              D. was badly designed.

10.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

   A. Surviving without the Media.     B. Unplugging Your Life.

   C. Valuing Social Communication.    D. Setting Aside Time for Sleep.

【答案】

11.C

12.A

13.D

14.B

15.B

【解析】

試題分析：

16.推斷題。第一段講到如果你在兩小時內(nèi)沒有電視，交友請求，網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲和你的手機時 ，你會發(fā)瘋嗎？第二段It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours.可知，舉出事例說明有一項針對年青人在24小時內(nèi)沒有任何形式的媒體設(shè)備時，他們是如何反應(yīng)的 調(diào)查�？芍�，第一段是為了引出下文的主題。故選C

17.推斷題。第三段三位志愿者的講述中，從I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.可知，Elliot Day認為如果沒有收音機或報紙他會覺得很空虛。從but it’s not something I would like to do again!可知，Caroline Scott不想再嘗試一次。從 I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been my mobile可知，沒有手機對Charlotte Gay來講是最困難的事情。故可知，他們在實驗中感覺不舒服。故選A。文中并未講到吃東西，所以排除B，從第三段The experiment is now over.可知，實驗已結(jié)束，排除C。從but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops.可知，只有第二天才能用電腦，故排除D。

18.判斷題。文中并不是講三頭豬被包括在實驗中，文中第三段提到guinea pigs應(yīng)理解為試驗品而并非是豬，排除A.文中第三段a BBC reporter plus cameraman who followed them around for the day.一個BBC記者和攝影師會跟蹤報道他們并非討論這個實驗，排除B。文中第三段They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline, but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops.他們被要求寫100行的實驗感受，但必須在第二天才寫，可知并非在實驗期間，排除C。文中第三段Caroline Scott話中I didn’t break out in a cold sweat like our lecturer expected us all to他并沒有出現(xiàn)講師所期望的突然冒冷汗的現(xiàn)象，可知講師期望志愿者因恐懼而突然冒冷汗。故選D

19.推斷題。前文講到Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air. I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.他一天的日常工作打亂了，他感到?jīng)]有收音機或報紙，自己的生活很空虛，可知他的日常工作被完全擾亂了，而不能說日常生活設(shè)計很糟糕，排除D，故選B

20.主旨題。結(jié)合全文，第二段江大這項全球性試驗的名稱是Unplugged。文章整個圍繞沒有電子設(shè)備的生活，人們的感受，故選B，答案更為形象，即讓你的生活不插電，而A只在第一段最后一句提到生存，排除，文中并不是主要討論重視社會交流，排除C，D只在最后一段出現(xiàn)，排除。

考點：夾敘夾議文

點評：文中主要介紹了一項年輕人在24小時內(nèi)沒有電子設(shè)備時的生活感受，進而作者發(fā)出隨著科技進步，在未來又會留出多長時間來睡覺呢？這樣的疑問，文中對于推斷題要采用排除法，把握文章的中心思想，再結(jié)合選項逐一排除作答。主旨題，尤其是選標題的題目，標題一般需要形象生動，可適當留有疑問，激發(fā)讀者閱讀的欲望。