Grown-ups know that people and objects are solid. At the movies, we know that if we reach out to touch Tom Cruise, all we will feel is air. But does a baby have this understanding?
To see whether babies know objects are solid. T. Bower designed a method for projecting an optical illusion(視覺影像)of a hanging ball. His plan was to first give babies a real ball, one they could be expected to show surprised in their faces and movements, All the 16 to 24-week-old babies tested were surprised when they reached for the illusion and found that the ball was not there.
Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land?
Experiments done by Bower suggest that babies develop a sense of object permanence when they are about 18 weeks old. In his experiments, Bower used a toy train that went behind a screen. When 16-week-old and 22-week-old babies watched the toy train disappear behind the left side of the screen, they looked to the right, expecting it to re-appear. If the experiment took the train off the table and lifted the screen, all the babies seemed surprised not to see the train. This seems to show that all the babies had a sense of object permanence. But the second part of the experiment showed that this was not really the case. The re-searcher substituted(替換) a ball for the train when it went behind the screen. The 22-week-old babies seemed surprised and looked back to the left side for the train. But the 16-week-old babies did not seem to notice the switch(更換).Thus,the 16-week-old babies seemed to have a sense of “something permanence,” while the 22-week-old babies had a sense of object permanence related to a particular object.
【小題1】The passage is mainly about        .

A．babies’sense of sightB．effects of experiments on babies
C．babies’understanding of objectsD．different tests on babies’feelings
【小題2】.In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, and object           .
A．still existsB．keeps its shapeC．still stays solid D．is beyond reach
【小題3】.What did Bower use in his experiments?
A．A chairB．A screenC．A filmD．A box
【小題4】. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．The babies didn’t have a sense of direction.
B．The older babies preferred toy trains to balls.
C．The younger babies liked looking for missing objects
D．The babies couldn’t tell a ball from its optical illusion.


【小題1】.C。主旨大意題。本文通過科學(xué)家的研究和對研究結(jié)果的解釋，旨在說明嬰兒對物體的理解。
【小題1】.A。詞義猜測題。通過對第二項(xiàng)研究情況的閱讀和第三段的解釋得知。
【小題1】B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段和第四段中所述的Bower的兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中都用到了screen.
【小題1】D。推理判斷題。第二段中所述實(shí)驗(yàn)情況表明：嬰兒伸手去摸屏幕上的影像，說明他們事先不能區(qū)分一個(gè)真正的球和影像的區(qū)別。

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