13.An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning.It can last anywhere from one to six years,but four years is typical for most.An apprentice spends most of the time in a wrkplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman-someone who has done the job for many years.The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical(理論的)skills the career requires.Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking.
One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything.The companies that hire them pay for school.What's more,it offers apprentices an"earn while you learn"opportunity.They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman,and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies.Near the end of the apprenticeship,their wages are usually 90percent of what a journeyman would receive.Apprenticeship also pays off for employers.It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from
Despite the advantages,apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night,which leaves little time for anything else.Sometimes,they might be laid off if business for the employers is slow.
Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen,they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again.Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with; others go onto different companies or become self-employed contractors.
54.How different is an apprentice from a journeyman?B
A.An apprentice has more theoretical skills.
B.An apprentice has less practical experience.
C.An apprentice needn't pay for school.
D.An apprentice owns a nationally recognized certification.
55.Which of the following is NOT the advantage of apprenticeship?C
A.It saves lots of money for apprentices to learn the skills.
B.It brings apprentices some earnings before they get a job.
C.It allows apprentices to earn the same wages as journeymen.
D.It helps employers take on more qualified workers.
56.What can we infer about the apprenticeship?D
A.Most apprentices feel greatly comfortable with their work and life.
B.Most journeymen tend to leave the companies they apprenticed with.
C.Apprentices can finally get a pay increase from the journeymen.
D.Some apprentices may come to the attention of employers during their apprenticeship.
57.What is the tone of the writer in this passage?C
A.Positive.
B.Negative.
C.Objective.
D.Argumentative.
分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文閱讀,作者通過(guò)這篇文章主要向我們描述了學(xué)徒體制的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),它節(jié)省了學(xué)徒學(xué)習(xí)的技能,帶來(lái)一些收益,幫助雇主雇用更多合格的工人,但是學(xué)徒期間工資較低.
解答 54.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第一段第三句"An apprentice spends most of the time in a wrkplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman-someone who has done the job for many years"可知.C項(xiàng)表述雖正確,但這并非學(xué)徒和熟練工的區(qū)別;故選B.
55.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第二段倒數(shù)第三句"Near the end of the apprenticeship,their wages are usually 90percent of what a journeyman would receive"可知學(xué)徒與幫工的工資不同,故選C.
56.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.由第二段最后兩句"Apprenticeship also pays off for employers.It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from"可知一些雇主的注意力可能在他們的學(xué)徒;故選D.
57.C.文章屬于說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了學(xué)徒體制的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)和舉例,沒(méi)有發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn),因此是客觀的;故選C.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.