The amount of time children spend in institutional care（機構(gòu)式照顧）may affect how their brains develop. That’s the conclusion of a new study carried out by researchers at the University of Wisconsin, Harvard Medical School and the University of Minnesota. The study is published in Child Development in the journal’s January/ February 2010 issue.
To learn how the lack of care and material needs that institutionalized children often experience affect brain development, the researchers looked at 132 8- and 9-year-olds. Some of them were adopted into U.S. homes after spending at least a year and three quarters of their lives in institutions in Asia, Latin America, Russia and Eastern Europe, and Africa. Others were adopted by the time they were 8 months old into U.S. homes from foster care（寄養(yǎng)）in Asia and Latin America; most of these children had spent no time in institutional care, while some had spent a month or two in institutions prior to foster placement. On average, the internationally adopted children had been living with their families for more than 6 years. These children were compared to a group of American children raised in their birth families.
Children adopted early from foster care didn't differ from children raised in their birth families in the United States. Children adopted from institutional care performed worse than those raised in families on tests measuring visual memory and attention, learning visual information, and impulse （沖動）control. Yet these children performed at developmentally appropriate levels on tests involving sequencing and planning.
The take-home message: Children make tremendous advances in cognitive（認知的） functioning once they reach their adoptive families, but the early impact on their brains' development is difficult to change completely.
"We identified basic learning processes that are affected by early institutionalization," notes Seth Pollak, professor of psychology and pediatrics at the University of Wisconsin, who was the study's lead author. "Policies that speed the time in which children can be removed from institutionalized care so they can develop within family contexts should be implemented to decrease the likelihood of learning problems later in children's lives."
67．The passage is mainly written to___________.
A．compare two childcare systems      B．criticize the institutional childcare
C．present a new research finding          D．introduce the basic learning process
68．Children have their brain development affected in institutional care because__________.
A．they suffer form poor living conditions
B．they spend too much time learning
C．they don’t have freedom staying there
D．they are neither physically nor mentally satisfied
69．Compared with home-raised children, institutionalized children didn’t do as well in tasks like__________.
A．thinking in pictures and self-control
B．working in teams and self-expression
C．putting things in order and self-defense
D．a(chǎn)dapting to the environment and self-panning.
70．It can be concluded form the passage that__________.
A．the United States is a good place for children’s all-round development
B．a(chǎn) perfect family is beneficial to children’s all-round development
C．children in institutional care can hardly achieve anything great
D．nothing has been done to help children in institutional care
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


完形填空（共15小題，每小題1分，共15分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。將正確選項答案涂在答題紙上。
I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.I wanted very much to get a new suit and throw off my old    36   .But … I had nothing in the world but a million-pound note.I went in    37    asked if they had a cheap    38   .The fellow I spoke to    39    no answer at first,looked me up and down,noticed that I was almost in rags,   40    said, “just a minute.”
I waited till he    41   his work.Then he took me into a dark back room.He looked through the suits and    42   the cheapest one for me.I put it on.It didn’t fit,   43    it was new and I was anxious to have it,so I said:
“Could you wait a few days for the money?I haven’t any small change on me.”
The fellow looked at me    44    and said, “Oh,you haven’t?Well,of couse,I know that gentlement like you carry only    45    notes.”
I was    46    and said, “My friend,you shouldn’t judge a stranger always by the clothes he wears.I’m quite   47     to pay for this suit.But I’m afraid you can’t change the note.”
“Why do you think we can’t change your note?   48    the contrary,we can!”
I handed the note to him and said: “Oh,very well,I apologize.”
He    49    it with a smile,and then as he looked at the note,his smile froze.   50    the note in his hand,he stood there,unable to talk or move.
36.A.way         B.friend            C.watch       D.clothes
37. A.and         B.but              C.so         D.when
38. A.cloth        B.clothing          C.suit        D.suits
39. A.make        B.makes           C.making       D.made
40. A.have finished  B.had finished       C.will finish   D.is finishing
41. A.have finished   B.had finished       C.will finish   D.is finishing
42. A.choose        B.pick             C.find       D.selected
43. A.so           B.or              C.but         D.and
44. A.warmly        B.hardly          C.coldly       D.kindly
45. A.large         B.small           C.some       D.strange
46. A.mad         B.sorry            C.hurt       D.welcome
47. A.anxious        B.able            C.tired       D.worried
48. A.To           B.For            C.In          D.On
49. A.receiving      B.to receive       C.received       D.will receive
50. A.Holding        B.To hold        C.Held       D.To be held

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


If you are afraid of the dark，it’s not a big deal．It’s perfectly normal to feel afraid After all，animals do too. “Fear matters，”says Karen Warkentin，an ecologist．“It’s a good thing，” she adds, “because fear makes you do things that keep you alive.”
Like kids，many animals experience fear and they respond to the feeling in variety of ways．A
frightened turtle pulls its head and legs inside its shell．A small fish will swim away when a big，hungry fish approaches．
Some animals respond to fear in ways you might not expect．The first example is that the fear of being eaten can scare some frogs right out of their eggs. Warkentin made the surprising discovery while studying red—eyed tree frogs in Costa Rica.
In this species，female frogs attach jellylike clumps（果凍一樣的塊狀物）of their eggs to the undersides of leaves．The leaves hang on branches that dangle（懸掛）over ponds．After they hatch from the eggs，the tadpoles（蝌蚪）then fall into the water，where they eventually grow into
adult frogs.
Tree frog eggs usually grow for 6 days before hatching．If they sense that a hungry snake is about to attack，however，they can hatch up to 2 days ahead of schedule. As the snakes are unable to swim，by falling into the water early，the tadpoles can escape.
If hatching early helps protect red—eyed tree frogs from snakes，you might wonder why their eggs don’t always hatch sooner．It turns out that hatching early brings its own danger．Once tadpoles land in the water，hungry fish and other animals like to eat them too．Staying in their eggs for a full 6 days，then，allows frog embryos（胚胎）to grow big and strong．This extra growth improves their chances of surviving in the water．
68．It can be inferred from the passage that fears______
A．help animals grow bigger and stronger
B．a(chǎn)re less common among young animals
C．help animals move a lot to fit the environment
D．a(chǎn)re more or less important in order for animals to survive
69．We are told in the passage that tree frogs______
A．face danger both inside their eggs and in the water
B．will grow fast if they fall into the water later
C．a(chǎn)re surprisingly clever when inside their eggs
D．stay in their eggs longer if they are frightened
70．What do you think would be discussed in the following paragraph?
A．Further explanations as to why tree frogs hatch ahead of schedule．
B．How the unborn frogs know when a snake is about to attack them．
C．Another example of animals that responds to fear in an unexpected way．
D．How tree frogs improve their chances of survival before falling into the water.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)）
第一節(jié)：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
We already know the fastest, least expensive way to slow climate change: Use less energy. With a little effort, and not much money, most of us could reduce our energy diets by 25 percent or more—doing the Earth a favor while also helping our wallets．
Not long ago．My wife, PJ, and I tried a new diet—not to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change．Scientists have reported recently that the world is heating up even faster than predicted only a few years ago, and that the consequences could be severe if we don’t keep reducing emissions（排放）of carbon dioxide（CO2）and other greenhouse gases that are trapping heat in our atmosphere．
We decided to try an experiment．For one month we recorded our personal emissions of CO2．We wanted to see how much we could cut back, so we went on a strict diet．The average US household produces about 150 pounds of CO2 a day by doing common-place things like turning on air-conditioning or driving cars．That’s more than twice the European average and almost five times the global average, mostly because Americans drive more and have bigger houses．But how much should we try to reduce?
For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth．In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the meltingof the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica．“To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said．
Good advice, I thought．I’d opened our bedroom windows to let in the wind．We’d gotten so used to keeping our air-conditioning going around the clock．I’d almost forgotten the windows even opened．We should not let this happen again．It’s time for us to change our habits if necessary．
41．Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?
A．To take special kinds of food B．To respond to climate change．
C．To lose weight      D．To improve their health
42．The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to          .
A．freezing points         B．burning points      
C．melting points           D．boiling points
43．It can be inferred from the passage that        .
A．it is necessary to keep the air-conditioning on all the time
B．it seems possible for every household to cut emissions of CO2
C．the average US household produces about 3,000 pounds of CO2 a month
D．the average European household produces about 1,000 pounds of CO2 a month
44．Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A．Saving Energy Strats at Home       B．Changing Our Habits Begins at Work
C．Changing Climate Sounds Reasonalbe    D．Reducing Emissions of CO2 Proves Difficult

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


Blind photography sounds strange．But a striking exhibition of photographs in California argues that it develops as a result of the contemporary art．The show "Sight Unseen", at the California Museum of Photography until Aug．29, includes everything: underwater scenes, landscapes, abstracts and everything else you might expect from a "sighted" photographer．
How do the blind take their photographs? Some rely on assistants to set up and then describe the shots （鏡頭） , and others just point and shoot in the right place．"Just like any good artists," says McCulloh．"They have their unique ways of operating．" One participating photographer is Pete Eckert, an artist with multiple degrees in design and sculpture who only turned to photography after losing his vision in the mid-1990s．He opens the shutter （快門） on his camera and then uses flashlights, lights, and candies to paint his scene on film．A former fashion photographer in Chicago, Weston, lost his vision due to AIDS in 1996 and focuses on images of destruction and disability．His photos are also a star of the show．
What do gallery-goers say? "I was very impressed by it．The technique and experience was amazingly different," says John Hesketh, a printmaker in Anaheim．"You never have a sense of feeling sorry for these people because they've worked very hard to prove their value．"
Beyond the praise, however, the exhibition also makes a great example for disabled people everywhere．That point was explained in early May during a discussion on the TV show．At the very end of the talk, one attendee expressed his opinion．"This exhibition is extraordinary and revolutionary for many reasons．I think that by being an artist with a disability, you are continuing the work of those people who fought for basic civil rights to gain access and to have a voice．In that way, it's so wonderful that your photographs say it all．"
63．From the passage we know that some blind people take photos by______
A．describing the things to their assistants
B．holding the camera and shooting randomly
C．opening the shutter with the help of others
D．using special equipment designed for them
64．We can learn from the passage that blind photographers ______
A．were not born blind               B．do jobs related to art
C．focus on different subjects           D．like photos of destruction
65．What is people's reaction to the blind photography show?
A．They admire the blind photographers' hard work．
B．They feel really sorry for those blind photographers．
C．They think some have good techniques while others not．
D．They can understand the real meaning of each photograph．
66．The significance of the exhibition lies in the fact that ______．
A．the California Museum of Photography receives praises for holding the show
B．the public have a chance to know what the blind people are concerned about
C．the blind photographers have a good place to show their works
D．the exhibition can be very inspiring to the blind in the world

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A car drew up outside the Swan Hotel and a young man got out．Pausing only for an instant to see that he had come to the right place，he went into the hotel and rang the bell on the counter of the bar．
Mrs．Crump，the landlady，who was busy in the kitchen at the time，hurried out，wiping her
hands．The young man raised his hat．“Excuse me，”he said．“I’m looking for my uncle，Mr．White．I believe he is staying here．” “He was staying here．”Mrs．Crump corrected him．“But I’m afraid that he went back to London yesterday．” “Oh，dear，”said the young man，looking disappointed．“I understood that he was going to stay here until the end of the month．At least that is what his servant told me when I rang up his house．” “Quite right，”said Mrs，Cramp．“He intended to stay here the whole of July，as he always does． But yesterday he got a telegram to say that his relative was ill．So he caught the train back to London immediately．”  “I wish he had let me know,”The young man said．“I wrote him a letter saying that I was coming．I’ve had all this trouble for nothing．Well，since he isn’t here，there’s no point in waiting．”
He thanked Mrs．Grump and went out．Mrs．Grump went to the window and watched him
drive off．When his car was out of sight，she called out：“You can come out now,Mr．White.He’s gone．”
Mr．White came out of the kitchen，where he had been waiting．
“Many thanks，Mrs．Grump，”he said，laughing，“you did that very well．These nephews of mine never gave me any peace．That young man is the worst of them all．As you see，when he needs money,he even follows me into the country．Well，perhaps next time he won’t warn me by writing a letter!”
49．The young man said “Oh，dear” to express his           ．
    A．disappointment       B．sadness       C．surprise      D．a(chǎn)nger
50．This story is about a man         ．
A．who was very much loved by his nephews 
B．whose nephew went to visit him at the hotel
C．whose nephew is always asking him for help
D．who was not willing to meet his nephew
51．When his nephew came to the hotel，Mr．White            ．
A．took the train back to London            B．left to visit a sick relative
C．went to pick up a telegram               D．hid himself in the kitchen
52．Mr．White didn’t like his nephews because         ．
A．they always follow him around            B．they frequently disturb their relatives
C．they won’t write to him often             D．they usually visit him in hotels

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When someone gives you advice, listen without judgment, try to find value in what you’re hearing, and say: “Thank you”. This wise advice is easy to understand yet hard to practice. I’ll give you an example from my life when I totally blew it in term of practicing what I teach.
In my work I travel constantly. I always put off going to the airport until the last second. My wife, Lyda, was sitting next to me in the front seat. I was racing along and not paying much attention. Lyda cried out: “Look out! There is a red light up ahead.”
Being a trained behavioral science professional—who teaches others the value of encouraging advice—I naturally screamed at her: “I know there is a red light up ahead! Don’t you think I can see?” When we arrived at the airport, Lyda didn’t speak to me. I wondered why she seemed mad at me.
During the flight to New York, I did a cost-benefit analysis. I asked myself: “What was the cost of just listening when Lyda called out the warning? Zero.” I then reasoned: “What was the potential benefit? What could have been saved?” Several potential benefits came to mind, including her life, my life, and the lives of other people.
I landed in New York feeling ashamed of myself. I immediately called Lyda and told her my cost-benefit story. I convinced her: “The next time you help me with my driving, I am just going to say, ‘Thank you!’”
A few months passed, and I had long forgotten the incident. Again, I was racing off to the airport, when Lyda cried out: “Look out for the red right!” I was embarrassed, and then shouted: “Thank you!”
I’m a long way from perfect, but I’m getting better. My suggestion is that you get in the habit of asking the important people in your life how you can do things better. And be ready for an answer. Some people may tell you things like “Look out for the red light.” When this happens, remember that there is possibly some potential benefit. Then just say: “Thank you.”
60.What do we know about the author?
A. He is expert at behavioral science.             
B. He is gifted in cost-benefit analysis.
C. He seldom takes his wife’s advice.              
D. He often runs the red traffic light.
61.The underlined part “blew it ” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_______”.
A. became annoyed with the adviser                B. forgot the practical method
C. failed to say “Thank you”                                D. lost personal judgment
62.It can be inferred from the passage that people _________.
A. tend to be defensive when given advice    
B. intend to follow others’ suggestions
C. had better study behavioral science
D. should give their opinions patiently
63The purpose of the passage is to advise people to ________.
A. do a cost-benefit analysis in daily life
B. treasure others’ suggestions
C. learn from the author’s experiences
D. discover potential benefits

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


第二部分閱讀理解:（共兩節(jié), 滿分50分）
Ⅲ. 第一節(jié)（共20小題; 每小題2分, 滿分40分）閱讀下列短文, 從每題后面所給的選項
（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卷上將該項涂黑。
A
We may encounter various setbacks (挫折) in our life and these setbacks  may never repeat themselves. They appear differently in different periods of life.
Students may have problems in learning, for example, the goal and motivation of learning, the method and attitude of study, and their school performances as well. If they fail to deal with these matters properly, they may have problems in study and even develop psychological problems.
Job-hunting, career choosing, capability and unemployment are matters often leading to
psychological problems of the contemporaries (當代人). How to choose a career, how to make a plan for life and how to keep competence in position and for promotion, etc., these are all factors to bring us worries and anxieties.
Interpersonal relationship leads to one of the major psychological setbacks of the human being. The symptoms show that it is hard to get along with others, lacking necessary skills to communicate with others. These may lead to sad feelings of loneliness, bitterness, short of concerns and cares.
The old often suffer from supersession of the old by the new, stepping down from leading positions, retirement, being isolated and helpless. How to look at these rules of law in life, get used to the change, handle domestic emptiness when children grow up and the bitterness facing death of the beloved, all these have to be dealt with properly, to avoid the development of depression and disease.
Now, it comes to the key — how to handle them. 
Keeping a good mood:
Do not make your ambitions too high and never seek for perfection when doing things.
Do not expect too much from others. Otherwise, you will be disappointed if she/he fails to meet your expectation.
When angry, you’d better calm yourself so as to avoid doing something stupid.
Be tolerating and forgiving. Toleration and forgiveness can either smooth your own mood or benefit interpersonal relationship.
When you encounter setbacks you’d better leave it alone and begin to do something you like, for example, go to the theater or take exercise, etc.
You may ease yourself by telling your unhappiness to your good friends, parents, teachers or even making a telephone call to psychological hotlines.
Do something good for others. In this way, you will not only forget your worries but also find your own value and at the same time make friends with others.
To evaluate your ability and role properly, thus you will not develop unnecessary psychological pressure on yourself.
41. The writer is mainly trying to tell us _______.
A. who knows about setbacks           B. how to deal with setbacks 
C. when we have setbacks               D. what causes various setbacks
42. Setbacks may result from the following EXCEPT _______.
A. learning problems at school            B. weak competence in career
C. poor skills in communication         D. the rules of law in life
43. Guess the right meaning of the underlined word “supersession”.
A. depression                                 B. replacement
C. loneliness                                  D. emptiness
44. From the “key” given by the writer, we can infer that _______.
A. anger can be turned into useful power
B. those without ambitions are the happiest
C. psychological problems can be solved by yourself
D. doing something good for others adds to your worries

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

   Could you stand the noise of a street-sweeper truck going up and down the street outside of your house three times a week at 4 a.m.? The noise —described by Blomberg as “l(fā)oud as a NASCAR(全國賽車聯(lián)合會) race car but at a speed of 5 miles per hour” — annoyed him so much that he tried to persuade the city to reschedule street sweeping to begin at 6 a.m. He also founded the nonprofit Noise Pollution Clearinghouse, an organization that provides research and information to others whose request for quiet might otherwise fall on deaf ears.
Hearing loss, in fact, is the most obvious medical consequence of noise pollution, but it is hardly the only one, explains environmental psychologist Arline Bronaft. In her research, Bronzaft found that constant noise exposure could reduce children’s learning ability and cognitive(認知的) development. Beyond all that, regularly, “you’ve got to take a break
from sound,” says Bronzaft.
The bad news, says Blomberg, is that “the last century was the noisiest in history.” The good news, he continues, is that the greener we get, the quieter we’ll also get. Electric cars and lawn equipment, for instance, make less noise, just as more fuel-efficient vehicles do. Improved technology can also provide measures to make the problem less serious. Fire engines and police cars could replace those loud sirens(警報器) with other models; and you can turn down the volume inside your home by replacing noisy household appliances with quieter, energy-saving models.
“ I don’t think you can name a noise source that I can’t find a way to make quieter,” says Blomberg. But the real challenge is to change people’s attitudes. “ In the 1960s, we made it unacceptable to throw litter out of the window of your car,” he says. Today it’s time to recognize that “noise is to the soundscape as litter is to the landscape.” The goal is to “create a culture where you do not throw your aural (聽覺的) litter out of the window.
64. What do we know about the Noise Pollution Clearinghouse?
A. It was founded by the city leaders.
B. It was supported by NASCSR.
C. It can rearrange the time of street sweeping.
D. It aims to help those who want more peace and quiet.
65. Which of the following makes the most noise?
A. Electric cars.         B. Loud sirens.                  C. Lawn equipment.     D. Police cars.
66. As Blomberg says, _____________.
A. it’s impossible to make a noise-maker quieter
B. it’s difficult to quiet people down
C. in the 1960s, throwing “sound” out of the window was forbidden
D. street sweeping should be stopped forever
67. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Reducing Noise Pollution                      B. Children’s Mental Development
C. Vehicles that Make Less Noise                        D. Forbidding Throwing Litter

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