Question

6．Contrary to most people's idea，the air in Coastal cities can be far from fresh and healthful，said a report recently published．
University of California Professor Mark Thiemens led the research team．His team．report blames ships that release dirty smoke by burning low-cost，high-sulfur （硫橫）fuel．They directly measured smoke released from a ship．They also tested air at the end of the Scripps Pier （碼頭）．The area is just north of San Diego，which is both a major city and port．The Scripps Pier is also close to waters with heavy shipping traffic and the city of Los Angeles．Los Angeles has the third largest port in the world．
Primary sulfate （硫酸鹽）is produced when a ship burns fuel called bunker oil．Bunker oil contains a Large amount of sulfur．Most sulfur released by ships burning bunker oil is a gaseous pollutant-sulfur dioxide．After a time，sulfur dioxide becomes sulfate in the atmosphere．The researchers say this primary sulfate may be  only a small part of what ships produce．
Professor Thiemens said no one had really expected that ships would be responsible for so many，particulates （微粒）．He said the extremely small particles （撤 粒）are especially threatening．They measure only one and one half microns in size．，A micron is one millionth of a meter．
The researchers say the particulates can travel long distances because they stay in the atmosphere longer than other pollutants．Professor Thiemens noted that the air of Los Angeles influenced air quality in San Die-go．That distance is almost 180 kilometers．，
Primary sulfur particulates can also threaten human health．When people breathe，the particulates stay in their lungs．Other scientists have said that up to 60，000 people around the world die each year from dirty ship smoke．
Other gaseous pollutants from ships include nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide．Earlier this year，a United Nations'report said gases from ships produce more than one billion tons of carbon dioxide every year．Ships are not governed under the Kyoto Protocol，the agreement that establishes limits for gases linked to climate change．But international rules requiring ship fuels that burn cleanly are to become effective in 2015．
57．What is the main idea of the passage？B
A．Coastal cities are ideal places to live in．
B．The air quality in coastal cities is worrying．
C．Cleaner-burning fuels are welcome in ships．
D．The world's oceans'ecosystem is far from satisfactory．
58．It is generally thought thatA
A．the air in coastal cities'is very fresh and healthful
B．the air in coastal cities is badly polluted
C．ships are responsible for so many particulates
D．extremely small particles are harmless
59．Gaseous pollutants from ships mentioned in the passage includeC
A．sulfate，nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide
B．carbon dioxide and small particles
C．sulfur dioxide，nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide
D．sulfate and micron
60．We can draw the conclusion thatD
A．the Kyoto Protocol is an agreement related to sea fish hunting
B．bunker oil has already been banned in passenger ships
C．urgent action should be taken to reduce the number of ships
D．cleaner-burning fuels should be encouraged to be used in tankers and passenger ships．

Answer 1

分析 文章講述了沿海城市因?yàn)榇�只排放的煙霧中有污染物而讓空氣受到了污染．與人們的傳統(tǒng)看法不同，沿海城市的空氣并不干凈，里面含有大量對(duì)人體有害的物質(zhì)，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，船只使用的價(jià)格低廉的燃料含有很多的硫磺成分．要解決這個(gè)問題，船只一定要使用清潔燃料．

解答 答案：57．B 主旨大意題．文章開頭說(shuō)Contrary to most people's idea，the air in Coastal cities can be far from fresh and healthful與人們的傳統(tǒng)看法相反，沿海城市的空氣并不干凈，而且還對(duì)人體有害．故選B．
58．A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．文章開頭說(shuō)Contrary to most people's idea，the air in Coastal cities can be far from fresh and healthful人們總認(rèn)為沿海城市的空氣干凈健康，已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)并非如此．故選A．
59．C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．文章中提到的污染物有sulfur dioxide，nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide．故選C．
60．D 推理判斷題．文章最后一段說(shuō)But international rules requiring ship fuels that burn cleanly are to become effective in 2015要求船只使用清潔燃料的國(guó)際規(guī)則會(huì)在2015年生效．故選D．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 閱讀理解是考查語(yǔ)篇理解能力．�？嫉念}型有：推理判斷題；主旨大意題；細(xì)節(jié)理解題；猜測(cè)詞意題．近幾年又出現(xiàn)了兩種新的考查方式：寫作態(tài)度判斷題和文章結(jié)構(gòu)題．解題時(shí)，在讀懂文章的基礎(chǔ)上，還有特別注意掌握題型的特征，尤其是細(xì)節(jié)題和推斷題不可混淆：細(xì)節(jié)題是文章信息的再現(xiàn)；推斷題是文章信息的提�。�本題是廣告類文章，考查主要是以細(xì)節(jié)題為主，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意常用的出題陷阱有：夸大，縮小，張冠李戴，偷梁換柱，無(wú)中生有等，做題時(shí)要看清看準(zhǔn)．