ScienceDaily (May 28, 2010) --- Researchers at Oregon State University (OSU) have made important progress in work that should lead toward robots that can not only walk and run very well, but use little energy at the same time.

Studies are moving closer to designing robots that could do dangerous work, create prosthetic limbs（假肢）for humans that work much better than in the past, or even help some people who use wheelchairs to get “walking” abilities.

“Researchers have been working toward robot movement for a long time,” said Jonathan Hurst, a professor at OSU. “What we’ve done is to study what behavior is really possible for a robot.”

The movement of humans and other animals is difficult to copy. Using little energy, they can move easily over hard areas, and enjoy balance from muscles（肌肉）. They have different ways to deal with forces, such as holding something hard in place rigidly（牢牢地）, like the act of holding a cup of coffee level during a car ride. In their recent studies, the OSU researchers proved that these two abilities are mutually exclusive（相互排斥的）. Humans deal with this problem by using pairs of muscles. For a robot, the more it’s able to do one of these tasks, the less able it is to do the other.

Presently, robots that can walk and run must be as rigid as possible while walking. But this way uses a lot of energy. The OSU researchers are working toward something that has similar or better performance, but uses far less energy, and is closer to the abilities of animals.

“So there’s no reason why we shouldn’t be able to build robots with good movement ability,” Hurst said. “Clearly this might be useful in highly dangerous situations. But I could also see great improvements possible with prosthetic limbs that work much better than present technology. ”

72. The robots being studied by researchers at OSU ______.

A. are successful now

B. use little energy

C. do better than before

D. can run faster than humans

73. Which of the following have researchers been studying all the time?

A. The robots’ movement

B. The robots’ weight

C. The robots’ sizes

D. The robots’ walking speed

74. The underlined words “two abilities” in Para.4 refer to ______.

A. walking and running

B. walking and holding

C. moving and using little energy

D. moving and balancing

75. According to Jonathan Hurst, we know that robots with good movement ability ______.

A. can be used in medical science

B. are only used in highly dangerous situations

C. will hardly be created in the future

D. will have a bad influence on man

【小題1】C

【小題2】A

【小題3】D

【小題4】A


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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：2010年貴州省遵義四中高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解

ScienceDaily (May 28, 2010) --- Researchers at Oregon State University (OSU) have made important progress in work that should lead toward robots that can not only walk and run very well, but use little energy at the same time.
Studies are moving closer to designing robots that could do dangerous work, create prosthetic limbs（假肢）for humans that work much better than in the past, or even help some people who use wheelchairs to get “walking” abilities.
“Researchers have been working toward robot movement for a long time,” said Jonathan Hurst, a professor at OSU. “What we’ve done is to study what behavior is really possible for a robot.”
The movement of humans and other animals is difficult to copy. Using little energy, they can move easily over hard areas, and enjoy balance from muscles（肌肉）. They have different ways to deal with forces, such as holding something hard in place rigidly（牢牢地）, like the act of holding a cup of coffee level during a car ride. In their recent studies, the OSU researchers proved that these two abilities are mutually exclusive（相互排斥的）. Humans deal with this problem by using pairs of muscles. For a robot, the more it’s able to do one of these tasks, the less able it is to do the other.
Presently, robots that can walk and run must be as rigid as possible while walking. But this way uses a lot of energy. The OSU researchers are working toward something that has similar or better performance, but uses far less energy, and is closer to the abilities of animals.
“So there’s no reason why we shouldn’t be able to build robots with good movement ability,” Hurst said. “Clearly this might be useful in highly dangerous situations. But I could also see great improvements possible with prosthetic limbs that work much better than present technology. ”
72. 【小題1】The robots being studied by researchers at OSU ______.

A．a(chǎn)re successful now
B．use little energy
C．do better than before
D．can run faster than humans
73. 【小題2】Which of the following have researchers been studying all the time?
A．The robots’ movement
B．The robots’ weight
C．The robots’ sizes
D．The robots’ walking speed
74. 【小題3】The underlined words “two abilities” in Para.4 refer to ______.
A．walking and running
B．walking and holding
C．moving and using little energy
D．moving and balancing
75. 【小題4】According to Jonathan Hurst, we know that robots with good movement ability ______.
A．can be used in medical science
B．a(chǎn)re only used in highly dangerous situations
C．will hardly be created in the future
D．will have a bad influence on man

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：2013-2014學(xué)年四川省高三2月月考英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Yawning sends out certain messages -either “Oh ，this movie is so boring” or “I probably need to get some sleep”. But did you know that a yawn can also help your brain to cool down when it is overheated?

A new study, led by a research team at Princeton University, has indicated that yawning could be the brain’s natural way of regulating temperature. People yawn more often when the temperature outdoors is lower than their body temperature but are less likely to yawn when it is hotter outdoors, according to Sciencedaily. com.

The research team did an experiment on 160 people, 80 in summer and 80 in winter, to examine how often they yawned at different air temperatures. The study found that people yawned more often in winter than in summer. Scientists say that when the air temperature is lower outside the body, there is heat exchange between the overheated brain and the cool air. But when the air temperature is higher than or equal to the body, people are less likely to yawn because the hot air they breathe in will make the brain even hotter.

When people yawn, their jaw is also stretched ，which increases blood flow and may also help cool the brain

The study showed that the amount someone yawned could be related to the amount of time they spent outside. The longer they spent outside in summer, the less they yawned. Nearly 40 percent of participants yawned within their first five minutes outside, but after that the percentage was reduced to less than 10 percent.

However, the result was the opposite in winter. The number of people who yawned increased when they spent more than five minutes outdoors. But the change was only slight compared to summertime.

According to Gallup, this is the first report to show that yawning frequencies change depending on season. This could help us to understand better the way our brains work. It may also help us understand the reason why frequent yawning can sometimes be a sign of brain disease.

1.The purpose of the experiment is ______.

A.      to prove people yawn in winter and in summer equally

B.      to indicate brain can regulate temperature naturally

C.      to find the frequency of people’s yawning

D.      to show the real reason why people yawn

2.The information we get from Paragraphs 5 and 6 is that ______.

A.      longer outdoor summertime results in more yawns

B.      yawning frequency changes with outdoor time

C.      yawning frequency increases with outdoor time

D.      longer outdoor wintertime leads to fewer yawns

3.Acorrding to the text ，people yawn more often ______.

A,      when the air temperature is lower outside the body

B.      when the hot air breathed in makes the brain hotter

C. when the air temperature is higher than the body

D. when the air temperature is equal to the body

4.What could be the best title for the text?

A.      Yawning Is A Sign of Brain Disease

B.      Yawning Carries Some Information

C.      Yawning Benefits Your Body

D.      Yawning Cools Your Brain

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：2010年貴州省高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解

ScienceDaily (May 28, 2010) --- Researchers at Oregon State University (OSU) have made important progress in work that should lead toward robots that can not only walk and run very well, but use little energy at the same time.

Studies are moving closer to designing robots that could do dangerous work, create prosthetic limbs（假肢）for humans that work much better than in the past, or even help some people who use wheelchairs to get “walking” abilities.

“Researchers have been working toward robot movement for a long time,” said Jonathan Hurst, a professor at OSU. “What we’ve done is to study what behavior is really possible for a robot.”

The movement of humans and other animals is difficult to copy. Using little energy, they can move easily over hard areas, and enjoy balance from muscles（肌肉）. They have different ways to deal with forces, such as holding something hard in place rigidly（牢牢地）, like the act of holding a cup of coffee level during a car ride. In their recent studies, the OSU researchers proved that these two abilities are mutually exclusive（相互排斥的）. Humans deal with this problem by using pairs of muscles. For a robot, the more it’s able to do one of these tasks, the less able it is to do the other.

Presently, robots that can walk and run must be as rigid as possible while walking. But this way uses a lot of energy. The OSU researchers are working toward something that has similar or better performance, but uses far less energy, and is closer to the abilities of animals.

“So there’s no reason why we shouldn’t be able to build robots with good movement ability,” Hurst said. “Clearly this might be useful in highly dangerous situations. But I could also see great improvements possible with prosthetic limbs that work much better than present technology. ”

72. 1.The robots being studied by researchers at OSU ______.

A. are successful now

B. use little energy

C. do better than before

D. can run faster than humans

73. 2.Which of the following have researchers been studying all the time?

A. The robots’ movement

B. The robots’ weight

C. The robots’ sizes

D. The robots’ walking speed

74. 3.The underlined words “two abilities” in Para.4 refer to ______.

A. walking and running

B. walking and holding

C. moving and using little energy

D. moving and balancing

75. 4.According to Jonathan Hurst, we know that robots with good movement ability ______.

A. can be used in medical science

B. are only used in highly dangerous situations

C. will hardly be created in the future

D. will have a bad influence on man

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

“EEK (哎呦)! A spider!”

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Researchers from Ohio State University, US, gathered together 57 participants who were all extremely afraid of spiders, according to sciencedaily.com. During an eight-week-long experiment, they asked participants to look at five differently sized tarantulas (狼蛛) and documented how the participants reacted to them.

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　 Researchers saw a clear connection between the estimated size of the animal and the fear level of participants.

“If one is afraid of spiders…one tends to think of spiders as bigger than they really are. That may feed the fear, and make it difficult to overcome,” said Michael Vasey, professor at Ohio State University and the leader of the study.

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64. Which of the following is TRUE about the experiment?

A. The scientists kept five spiders together in an uncovered glass box.

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D. The participants were told how big the spiders really were.

65. What reactions did the researchers notice?

a. how well participants guided the spiders.

b. how afraid the participants were.

c. the lines that the participants drew.

d. how long it took the participants to move on to the shorter stick.

A. a, b　　　　 B. b, c　　　　　　 C. 　c, d　　　　　　 D.　 b, d

66. Through the study, the researchers 　　　　 .

A. helped participants reduce their fear of spiders

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D. had participants face their fears by playing with spiders.

67. What is the main point of the article?

A. Fear feeds on fear. B. Why spiders are so scary.

C. A new treatment for fear. D. How afraid you are of an animal depends on how big it is.

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