Question

15．閱讀下面短文，然后按照要求寫(xiě)一篇150詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文．
High school students are overweight，out of shape and not interested in sports．And according to high school officials across the country，the situation is not getting better，based on a recent study claiming that high school student fitness has declined steadily for the last twenty-five years．This has put many high schools in a dilemma：they want students to become more fit，but they also fear that strenuous（劇烈的） exercise may harm their unfit students．
As a result，a number of high schools have cancelled long-distance running as part of their sports meetings，saying the races were cancelled because of lack of interest，but in the back of their minds，they must have also been thinking of the forty students in China between 2002and 2010who died suddenly after running long-distance races．
Long-distance running is not for the casual jogger．It is a sport that requires strength and endurance and a great deal of training．Most high school students have trouble running 1000meters without huffing and puffing （氣喘吁吁）．Five thousand meters，for them，is just a race too far．But by cancelling the race，high schools are sending mixed signals about fitness to their students：get fit，but don't sweat．
Some people show their understanding towards the cancellation of long distance running but more people criticize these schools，saying they try to run away from the problem instead of solving it．
[寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容]
1）以約30個(gè)詞概括短文的要點(diǎn)；
2）然后以約120個(gè)詞寫(xiě)一篇議論文，談?wù)勀銓?duì)中學(xué)生體質(zhì)下降及各中學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)紛紛取消中長(zhǎng)跑的看法，并包括如下的要點(diǎn)：
a）你讀完文章的感受；
b）你認(rèn)為中學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)應(yīng)該取消中長(zhǎng)跑嗎，為什么？可結(jié)合自身或他人經(jīng)歷展開(kāi)；
c）你的建議．
[寫(xiě)作要求]
可以使用實(shí)例或其它論述方法支持你的論點(diǎn)，也可以參照閱讀材料的內(nèi)容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
[評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)]
概括準(zhǔn)確、語(yǔ)言規(guī)范、內(nèi)容合適，篇章連貫．

Answer 1

分析 本文是讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)型寫(xiě)作，這類作文可按照三段式模板寫(xiě)：第一段：概況所給短文要點(diǎn)．第二段：過(guò)渡詞引出主題句---闡述理由．第三段：個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)．特別要注意第一段的概括．用自己的語(yǔ)言概括，不能照搬照抄原文． 時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)．人稱用第一和第三人稱． 重要短語(yǔ)：cancel sth （努力做某事），worry about（推遲），as far as I am concerned（就我所關(guān)注的而言），keep fit （保持健康），as long as （只要），take sb for example （舉某人為例），used to（過(guò)去曾經(jīng)），strengthen sth （加強(qiáng)某事），offer sb time to do（提供某人時(shí)間做某事），in addition（除…之外還），be encouraged to do（被鼓勵(lì)做某事），in short（總之），given appropriate instructions（給予適當(dāng)?shù)闹笇?dǎo)），avoid sth（避免某事），refuse to do（拒絕做某事），for fear of（唯恐）．
【高分句型一】
1．So many schools cancelled long distance running，worrying about the harmful effects of strenuous（劇烈的） exercise．
此處是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)"worrying about the harmful effects of strenuous exercise"作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，主句為"many schools cancelled long distance running"，主句的主語(yǔ)為"many schools"與動(dòng)詞"worry about"構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系．
【高分句型二】
2．I think it unwise for high schools to cancel long distance running at their sports meets，which won't help prevent the decline of students'fitness but worsen it．
此處是由關(guān)系代詞"which"構(gòu)成的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞"which"在主句中作主語(yǔ)，指代前面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容．
【高分句型三】
3．①To improve students'fitness，I strongly②recommend high schools assign less homework to offer students more time to do exercise．
①此處是不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)．
 ②此處是"recommend+賓語(yǔ)從句"，從句中要用"should+動(dòng)詞原形"
【高分句型四】
1．In addition，not only are students encouraged to take various sports but also given appropriate instructions to avoid sports injuries．
此處是由部分倒裝句型，結(jié)構(gòu)為"not only+一般疑問(wèn)句形式，but also+句子"，即"not only"引導(dǎo)的句子需倒裝，而"but also"引導(dǎo)的句子不需倒裝．

解答 In the past 25 years，the fitness of high school students has been declining．So many schools cancelled long distance running，worrying about the harmful effects of strenuous（劇烈的） exercise．【高分句型一】（概括）
After reading the story，I was totally shocked．I think it unwise for high schools to cancel long distance running at their sports meets，which won't help prevent the decline of students'fitness but worsen it．【高分句型二】（感受）
As far as I am concerned，there is no fitness without sweat．Students can't get fit sitting in front of a computer or chatting in the dining hall．They have to get up and move．They're going to have to use their muscles，hearts and lungs to make their body stronger．Any sport will help them do this，including long distance race．Actually，long distance running is a quite good sport for keeping fit as long as it is done regularly and scientifically．Take my friend，John for example．He used to be over-weight but running regularly burns his fat，builds his muscles and strengthens his heart and lung．Besides，he stays more focused and learns more effectively．（不應(yīng)該取消長(zhǎng)跑及其原因）
To improve students'fitness，I strongly recommend high schools assign less homework to offer students more time to do exercise．【高分句型三】In addition，not only are students encouraged to take various sports but also given appropriate instructions to avoid sports injuries．【高分句型四】In short，playing enough sports is the only way to improve students'health and we should never refuse to do so for fear of running a risk．（個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)：建議）

點(diǎn)評(píng) 讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)型寫(xiě)作是將閱讀與寫(xiě)作有機(jī)結(jié)合，要求考生既能讀懂文章信息，又要依據(jù)要求規(guī)范連貫地表達(dá)內(nèi)容，其中準(zhǔn)確概括很有挑戰(zhàn)且十分重要，根據(jù)記敘文、議論文、說(shuō)明文等不同文體作相應(yīng)概括，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，遵循以下步驟：確定主題句；尋找關(guān)鍵詞；重構(gòu)主題句；重組支持句．寫(xiě)作時(shí)注意準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯關(guān)系，盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式，同時(shí)也要注意使用高級(jí)詞匯和高級(jí)句型使文章顯得更有檔次，平時(shí)需注意積累短語(yǔ)和重要句型．