A successful scientist is generally a good observer.  He makes full 1 of the facts he observes.  He doesn’t accept ideas which are not  2  on obvious facts,  and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only   3  for truth.  He always  4   ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of    5   science may perhaps be considered to    6  as far back as the    7   of Roger Bacon,  the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,  who live    8   the years 1214 and 1292.  He was probably the first in the Middle    9   to suggest that we must learn science    10   observing and experimenting on the things around us,  and he himself    11  many important discoveries.
Galileo,  however,  who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642),  was the greatest of several great men,     12   in Italy,  France,  Germany,  or England,  began by    13   to show how many important    14   could be discovered by observation.  Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more    15   towards the earth than small ones,     16   Aristotle said so.  But Galileo,  going to the    17    of the leaning Tower of Pisa,  let fall two  18   stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.  It was Galileo’s    19   of going direct to Nature,  and proving our    20   and theories by experiment,  that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.

  1. 1.
    1. A.
      use
    2. B.
      time
    3. C.
      speed
    4. D.
      trust
  2. 2.
    1. A.
      worked
    2. B.
      based
    3. C.
      lived
    4. D.
      written
  3. 3.
    1. A.
      reason
    2. B.
      cause
    3. C.
      advice
    4. D.
      result
  4. 4.
    1. A.
      thinks
    2. B.
      checks
    3. C.
      has
    4. D.
      learn
  5. 5.
    1. A.
      natural
    2. B.
      physical
    3. C.
      ancient
    4. D.
      modern
  6. 6.
    1. A.
      date
    2. B.
      keep
    3. C.
      look
    4. D.
      take
  7. 7.
    1. A.
      study
    2. B.
      time
    3. C.
      year
    4. D.
      birth
  8. 8.
    1. A.
      both
    2. B.
      each
    3. C.
      between
    4. D.
      among
  9. 9.
    1. A.
      Schools
    2. B.
      Ages
    3. C.
      Days
    4. D.
      Count
  10. 10.
    1. A.
      in
    2. B.
      with
    3. C.
      on
    4. D.
      by
  11. 11.
    1. A.
      did
    2. B.
      made
    3. C.
      took
    4. D.
      gave
  12. 12.
    1. A.
      who
    2. B.
      when
    3. C.
      that
    4. D.
      where
  13. 13.
    1. A.
      ways
    2. B.
      degrees
    3. C.
      levels
    4. D.
      chance
  14. 14.
    1. A.
      truths
    2. B.
      problems
    3. C.
      people
    4. D.
      subjects
  15. 15.
    1. A.
      slowly
    2. B.
      rapidly
    3. C.
      lightly
    4. D.
      heavily
  16. 16.
    1. A.
      although
    2. B.
      because
    3. C.
      when
    4. D.
      If
  17. 17.
    1. A.
      place
    2. B.
      foot
    3. C.
      top
    4. D.
      ceiling
  18. 18.
    1. A.
      big
    2. B.
      small
    3. C.
      equal
    4. D.
      unequal
  19. 19.
    1. A.
      spirit
    2. B.
      skill
    3. C.
      theory
    4. D.
      discovery
  20. 20.
    1. A.
      plans
    2. B.
      opinions
    3. C.
      world
    4. D.
      ability
ABABD ABCBB BABAB BCDAB
試題分析:本文主要以某些科學家他們的做法為例來說明觀察和實驗在科學發(fā)現(xiàn)中的重要性,科學真理必須以事實為根據(jù),必須通過實踐來檢驗。
1.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. use 使用;B.time時間;C.speed速度;D. trust相信。make use of 利用;使用;make full use of 充分利用。根據(jù)A successful scientist is generally a good observer.他充分利用他觀察到的任何事實,故選A。
2.考查動詞及語境的理解。A. worked 工作;B.based基礎;C.lived 居住;D.written寫。be based on/upon 以……為基礎;基于…….根據(jù)He makes full 36 of the facts he observes.他不能接受不以事實為依據(jù)(be based on/upon)的觀點,故選B。
3.考查名詞及語境的理解。A.  reason原因;B.cause原因;C.advice建議;D.result結(jié)果。reason 能夠?qū)σ粋事物的發(fā)生或它的性質(zhì)作出解釋的東西;它與for連用;cause 是導致一個事物發(fā)生的條件或原因。它與 of連用.根據(jù)句子意思,是指“不能接受某種權威來說明真理的合法性”,應用reason。故選A。
4.考查動詞及語境的理解。A. thinks認為;B.checks 檢查;C.has 有;D.learn學會。check. v. 證明無誤, 核對無誤。意思最恰當。他總是要檢查一下這個觀點并且做很多實驗來證明它,故選B。
5.考查形容詞及語境的理解。A. natural 自然的;B.physical 物理的;C.ancient古代的;D.modern現(xiàn)代的。根據(jù)最后一句話中has led to all the discoveries of modern science. 的modern science“現(xiàn)代科學”,此處選modern意思最恰當。故選D。
6.考查動詞及語境的理解。 A. date日期;date back 詞組,意為“回溯至”。 B.keep 保持;C.look 看;D.take拿,F(xiàn)代科學的時代最遠能追溯到(date back)培根時代,故選A。
7.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. study 學習;B.time n. 這里指“時代,年代”。C. year 年;D.birth出生,F(xiàn)代科學的時代最遠能追溯到(date back)培根時代(time),故選B。
8.考查代詞及語境的理解。A.  both  兩者都;B.each每個;C.between與and連用,表示“在……和……之間”;D.among表示三者以上。培根生活在1214-1292期間,故選C。
9.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. Schools學校; B.Ages,The Middle Ages n.中世紀;中古時代,專有名詞。C.Days天;D.Count計數(shù);他可能是中古時代(he Middle Ages)的第一個讓我們通過對我們周圍事物的觀察和實驗來學科學,故選B。
10.考查介詞及語境的理解。by + doing 表示“通過做……(的途徑)”,慣用法;with + sth 表示“用……(來做……)”。他可能是中古時代的第一個讓我們通過對我們周圍事物的觀察和實驗來學科學,故選B。
11.考查動詞及語境的理解。make, do 與名詞有固定搭配關系:do + one’s best / one’s duty / sb a favour / harm / good /…;make + a discovery / an appointment / arrangements / a bed / a change / a decision…這里是make discoveries他自己有了很大的發(fā)現(xiàn),故選B。
12.考查連詞及語境的理解。 A. who引導定語從句修飾 great men ; B.when在定語從句中只能作狀語;C.that 不能引導非限制性定語從句; D.where在定語從句中只能作狀語;根據(jù)句意故選 A。
13.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. ways 方法;B.degrees, by degrees 詞組,相當于副詞,意為:逐漸地。C.levels 水平;D.chance機會。伽利略逐漸地顯示出通過觀察而得到的事實是多么地重要,故選B。
14.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A. truths 事實;B.problems問題;C. people人們; D. subjects學科。根據(jù)上文意思,He doesn’t accept ideas which are not on obvious facts應為:truths. 事實, 真理, 原理,故選A。
15.考查副詞及語境的理解。 A. slowly慢慢地;B.rapidly迅速地; C.lightly輕輕地; D.heavily重重地。rapidly. adv. 快,迅速地。意思最恰當。根據(jù)常識在伽利略以前有學問的科學家都認為大的物體比小的物體落地要快,故選B。
16.考查連詞及語境的理解。A.  although 盡管;B.because因為; C.when當……時候; D.If如果。根據(jù)句子意思,應為because conj. 因為在伽利略以前有學問的科學家都認為大的物體比小的物體落地要快,因為亞里士多德是這樣說的,故選 B。
17.考查名詞及語境的理解。 A.  place地方;B. foot腳; C. top頂部;D. ceiling天花板。根據(jù)常識但是伽利略走到比薩的斜塔的頂部,拿著兩個不等重量的石頭,要證明亞里士多德是錯誤的,故選C。
18.考查形容詞及語境的理解。A. big大的;B. small小的; C. equal相等的;D.unequal不等的。根據(jù)上文Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more        towards the earth than small ones, Aristotle said so. 可知他必須拿著不同大小的球做實驗來證明,故選D。
19.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. spirit精神;B. skill 技術; C. theory 理論;D. discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。spirit of going direct to Nature對自然不斷探索的精神。 science spirit 科學精神;world spirit時代精神, 世界潮流。根據(jù)上文可知伽利略對自然不斷探索的精神,故選A。
20.考查名詞及語境的理解。A. plans計劃; B. opinions 意為“觀點”,“通過實驗證明我們的觀點和理論”。 C. world世界; D. ability 能力。通過實驗來證明我們的觀點和理論,從而導致了現(xiàn)代科學的出現(xiàn),故選B。 
考點:科普類短文。
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