4.You have signed on for months of hard work.You're far from home.The pay is bad.The food is worse.You find rare comfort in the simple songs that you and your work mates sing.
This is what a sailor's life was like in the 1800s.The songs sung aboard ships were called sea shanties.You have probably heard a shanty or two yourself.Many of these songs have lasted through the years.They can often be found in surprising places today.
Sea Shanties Then…
Sea shanties were valuable friends to sailors.Some shanties,such as"Blow the Man Down,"had lively words and melodies.They broke up the boredom of long trips.Other shanties,including one called"Oh,Shenandoah,"had a sadder tone.They helped seafarers express longing and loneliness.Still other shanties,such as"Leave Her,Johnny,"let sailors complain about their hard lives.
But the first job of the sea shanty was to help the men work as a team.Ships had sails that were controlled by a system of moving ropes.For many jobs,all of the sailors had to pull on the ropes at once.
When faced with such a job,the shantyman,or song leader,began a tune.The crew joined in on the chorus,and it might have sounded like a playful sing-along.But when the sailors came to a certain beat,they knew it was the signal to pull together with all their might.
Raising or lowering the anchor called for a rhythm with a slow,steady motion.Then,the shantyman would choose a shanty with a slow,steady beat to match the job.Each duty on the sailing ship had its own rhythm and its own kind of song.
…and Sea Shanties Now
Sea shanties have been passed down to us in much the same way as folk stories.Long ago,someone came up with a memorable idea and melody.Others repeated the shanty,often adding changes along the way.
Over time,people saw the sea shanty for the treasure it was.Like any treasure,shanties were collected.Many were written down in books.
Where do the old shanties appear now?Today's musical artists love the fun,beauty,and history of these songs.Many musicians,including Bob Dylan and Harry Belafonte,have their own versions of"Oh,Shenandoah."One group,the Robert Shaw Chorale,recorded a collection of shanties.
In Hollywood,shanties serve as a symbol of the sea.A fisherman sings the shanty"Spanish Ladies"in the film Jaws.The cartoon character Woody Woodpecker whistles"Blow the Man Down"when he finds himself aboard a pirate's ship.
Today,shanties tell us about shipboard life more than one hundred years ago.They help us understand what the working sailor sang and perhaps thought about.
So the next time you're doing a boring task,try making up a tune to go along with it.Time may pass more quickly,and your job may seem easier.Also,you may understand why sailors loved those old songs of the sea.

41.The main purpose of the sea shanty in the 1800s wasB.
A.to communicate with passing ships
B.to help sailors work together as a team
C.to allow sailors to complain about the food
D.to give sailors an opportunity to record their music
42.Today,sea shanties are mainly usedD.
A.to provide material for musical artists to record
B.to provide a source of music for Hollywood films
C.to help sailors work together aboard modem ships
D.to help people understand the lives of sailors of the past
43.The author uses two subheadings(小標(biāo)題) within the article in order toC.
A.compare sea shanties to modem sailing songs
B.describe how popular sea shanties are with musicians
C.compare how sea shanties have been used over the years
D.describe how sea shanties have influenced Hollywood films
44.Which of these topics would most probably be included in this articleC?
A.The work of sailors today.
B.The cost of sailing ships in the 1800s.
C.Other sailing duties that were made easier by sea shanties.
D.Some music studios where sea shanties are recorded today.
45.According to information in the article,a movie director today would most likely use a     shantyA.
A.to make a scene about sailors more realistic
B.to give a musician a chance to record the song
C.to make the crew's daily chores pass more quickly
D.to express the loneliness of making a film away from home.

分析 本文運(yùn)用說明文中較常用的比較法,講述的水手小調(diào)的產(chǎn)生及過去與現(xiàn)在的對比.水手之歌不僅僅代表當(dāng)時(shí)水手的生活更能排解他們海航的孤獨(dú).

解答 41.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段"But the first job of the sea shanty was to help the men work as a team"可知,傳唱水手小調(diào)的目的是幫他們象團(tuán)隊(duì)一樣進(jìn)行工作.故選B.
42.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Today,shanties tell us about shipboard life more than one hundred years ago"可知,今天這些水手之歌可以幫助我們理解一百年前水手的生活,故選D.
43.C.推理預(yù)測題.文中的兩個(gè)副小標(biāo)題分別為"Sea Shanties Then"水手小調(diào)的過去…和"Sea Shanties Now"水手小調(diào)的現(xiàn)在…可見,文章采用這些副標(biāo)題是為了告訴我們水手小調(diào)的發(fā)展變遷,方便比較.故選C.
44.C.推理預(yù)測題.根據(jù)最后一段"So the next time you're doing a boring task,try making up a tune to go along with it.Time may pass more quickly,and your job may seem easier"可知,文章提到下次當(dāng)你做令人厭煩的工作時(shí),唱著水手之歌,時(shí)間會過得很快,海航的工作也就感覺容易很多,可推測C項(xiàng)主題更易出現(xiàn)在文章中.故選C.
45.A.推理預(yù)測題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段"In Hollywood,shanties serve as a symbol of the sea"可知,在好萊塢,水手小調(diào)是海上生活的標(biāo)志,可推測,電影導(dǎo)演能制作一個(gè)水手更現(xiàn)實(shí)的生活.故選A.

點(diǎn)評 本文是人文地理類的說明文.本文屬于解釋說明文的一種.說明文的解題關(guān)鍵在于抓住文章第一段內(nèi)容,通常該部分就是文章的中心思想.說明文是對事物的形狀、性質(zhì)、特征、成果或功用等進(jìn)行介紹,解釋或闡述的文章.把握所說明事物的特征和本質(zhì)是理解說明文的關(guān)鍵.學(xué)生應(yīng)該挖掘寓意,掌握中心思想,推出結(jié)論.要立足于文章整體,再迅速讀一遍短文,短文中的問題和答案的設(shè)置前后都是相關(guān)聯(lián)的,有著一定的連續(xù)性,體現(xiàn)著文章的基本脈絡(luò).

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