分析 在早期的歷史中,芝加哥經(jīng)常發(fā)生洪水,尤其是在春天,街道變得如此的泥濘不堪以致于人們,馬和車經(jīng)常被困住.當(dāng)時(shí)流行這樣一個(gè)古老的笑話:在芝加哥泥濘的街上,一個(gè)人的腰被困住了.問他是否需要幫助,他回答說:"不,謝謝.我還有一匹好馬在下面."
城市規(guī)劃者決定建造一套地下排水系統(tǒng),但只不過沒有地面與水平面之間足夠的高度差,只有兩個(gè)選擇即降低芝加哥河的水位或者抬高城市的高度.一個(gè)叫埃利斯切斯布羅的工程師說服我該城市除了將管道建在地面上,然后用泥土覆蓋上之外別無選擇,這會(huì)使城市的街道提高12英尺之多.
當(dāng)然這樣會(huì)產(chǎn)生一個(gè)新的問題:事實(shí)上,泥土埋掉了芝加哥幾乎每一棟大樓的第一層.建筑業(yè)主們面臨著一個(gè)選擇:要么將建筑物的一樓改到地下室,把第二層改到主樓層,或?qū)⒄麄(gè)建筑提升到新的街水平.小的木結(jié)構(gòu)的建筑會(huì)相當(dāng)容易地舉起來.但對(duì)于像特里蒙特酒店那樣大而重的六層磚混結(jié)構(gòu)的建筑怎么辦呢?
這里喬治普爾曼派上了用場(chǎng).他已經(jīng)成功地開發(fā)了一些搬家技巧.提升一個(gè)像特里蒙特酒店那樣大的結(jié)構(gòu),鉑爾曼將成千上萬的置于建筑物的地基部.一個(gè)人被分配到操作每一段大致10個(gè)螺旋千斤頂.在鉑爾曼的指導(dǎo)下,每個(gè)人同時(shí)抬起同樣數(shù)量的螺旋千斤頂,從而緩慢、均勻地抬起建筑物.令人驚訝的是,在整個(gè)運(yùn)作過程中特里蒙特酒店仍然在營業(yè),很多客人甚至沒有注意到有什么事情發(fā)生.有些人喜歡說,每個(gè)問題都有解決的方法.但在芝加哥的早期歷史,每一個(gè)工程的解決方案似乎創(chuàng)造著一個(gè)新的問題.現(xiàn)在芝加哥的廢水被有效地排放到芝加哥的河里,該城市的下一步就是治理污染的河流.
解答 61-65BDBAC
答案:61.細(xì)節(jié)推理題選B 作者提到的這個(gè)笑話表明:A 在芝加哥,馬非常有用.B 芝加哥的街道相當(dāng)?shù)哪酀簦瓹 在春天,芝加哥很危險(xiǎn).D 芝加哥的人們尤其的幽默.
根據(jù)第一段的第一句話 In its early history,Chicago…and carts got stuck.(尤其是在春天,芝加哥經(jīng)常發(fā)生洪水,街道變得如此的泥濘不堪以致于人們,馬和車經(jīng)常被困住.所以作者提到的笑話是為了突出這一點(diǎn)即道路的泥濘.) 故選B
62.細(xì)節(jié)推理題選D 城市規(guī)劃者被埃利斯切斯布羅說服去做:A 去掉街上的沙土.B 降低芝加哥河的水位.C.與洪水作斗爭(zhēng).D在地面上建管道.根據(jù)第三段的第一句話An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced…then cover them with dirt.(一個(gè)叫埃利斯切斯布羅的工程師說服我該城市除了將管道建在地面上,然后用泥土覆蓋上之外別無選擇)可知,埃利斯切斯布羅的工程師認(rèn)為應(yīng)該在地上埋下排水管道.故選 D
63.細(xì)節(jié)推理題 選B 第四段劃線單詞的意思:A 改變 B 舉起,抬起,提升C 修理 D 點(diǎn)綴 根據(jù)后文Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily.(小的木結(jié)構(gòu)的建筑會(huì)相當(dāng)容易地舉起來.)可知另一種方法就是將建筑升高.故選 B
64.細(xì)節(jié)推理題 選A 關(guān)于特里蒙特飯店的搬遷,我們可以推斷出 A進(jìn)展的如料想的那樣順利.B它中斷了酒店的生意.C它涉及到普爾曼要用到10個(gè) 螺旋千斤頂. D它使地基與建筑物相分離.根據(jù)最后一段的第三句At Pullman's signal…slowly and evenly.(在鉑爾曼的指導(dǎo)下,每個(gè)人同時(shí)抬起同樣數(shù)量的螺旋千斤頂,從而緩慢、慢慢地抬起建筑物.)可知A正確,故選A
65.主旨大意題 選C 該段落主要是關(guān)于:A流行的生活方式和影響 B 環(huán)境災(zāi)害與原因 C工程問題及其解決方法 D成功的商人他們的成就 本題為總結(jié)概括全文的主旨大意題,第一段提到芝加哥城所存在的問題,接下來討論了解決這個(gè)問題的一些方法,最后一段講到雖然解決了當(dāng)前的問題,但隨之而來又會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些新的有待解決的問題.故文章大致上講述的是建造的問題與解決的辦法.故選C.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本文講述了芝加哥城的問題與改造方案,61---64題為細(xì)節(jié)推理題,65題為概括主旨大意題.所以在閱讀過程中,首先要泛讀,要快速通讀全文,了解段落的主題;其次要精讀,結(jié)合每題的問題,在文中找到原句進(jìn)行推理.
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Street dances are dance styles that evolved (演變) outside of dance studios in any available open space. They are often improvisational (即興的) and social in nature,encouraging interaction and contact with audiences and the other dancers. These dances generally evolve out of urban and suburban spaces and are a part of the native culture of that geographical area. Some examples of street dances include B-boying, or breakdancing, which originated in New York City, and Melbourne Shuffle which originated in Melbourne, Australia.
Street dances are dances that evolve between people in a social environment,although it cannot be always determined as to how they actually do evolve between people. In theory, as one person comes up with a move that looks good to another person, that other person tries to copy that move. Similar to the game of Chinese Whispers, the effect is that the other person cannot absolutely perform that move the same way as the other person, thus leading to the dancer creating their own style or entirely new moves.
There is a small difference between entirely freestyle dance and an absolute street dance. While freestyle dance is random and a personal dance invented by a single person (even if ifs based on someone else’s dance style), a full street dance is a collection of the various similar dance moves and styles collected into one practice and regarded as the same dance. For example, when B-boying evolved out of early hip-hop culture, people came up with their own moves, and other people improved them. Street dances constantly evolve for as long as they are now and then practiced and regarded as the same dance. All the moves danced to breaks in hip-hop culture were regarded as B-boying.
Sometimes it is possible to trace back street dance styles that were mostly pioneered by specific persons. One example is Locking, which is often regarded as being started by Don Campbell, who was a 1970s pioneer of American street dance. Most of the time it is impossible to owe street dances to specific people; since the dances evolve outside of professional dance environments, and there is no social or legal record. Street dance pioneers also rarely have professional degrees in dance, thus distinguishing street dance from other modern dance forms.
1.Paragraph 1 is intended to tell us the of street dances.
A. varieties B. changes
C. characteristics D. distributions
2.What do we know about street dances?
A. Dancers perform them in dance studios.
B. They are developed by professional dancers.
C. They are collected from different moves and styles.
D. Dancers create moves based on other people’s moves.
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A. stress a street dancer’s own style
B. show the effect of Chinese whispers
C. introduce a popular Chinese game
D. explain the characteristics of street dances
4.The passage is probably taken from .
A. a travel journal B. a history textbook
C. a popular magazine D. a museum brochure
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