8．Disease，poverty，hate，love-Charles Dickens'stories opened his readers eyes to the most important themes of his age．Two hundred years on，his stories still speak volumes（有意義）across the world，proving that Dickens'legacy（遺產(chǎn)）was far greater than just"great literature"
     February 7 marks the 20th anniversary of the writer's birthday．To mark this date，BBC writer Alex Hudson listed six things Dickens gave the modem world．Let's take a look at two of them．
A white Christmas
     Dickens is described  as"the man who invented Christmas"-not the religious festival，but the cultural aspects that we associate with the festive season today．In the early 19th century，Christmas was barely worth mentioning，according to critic and writer Leigh Hunt．The committee which ran the Conservative Party even held ordinary business meetings on Christmas Day-unthinkable in the West nowadays，when everyone but the most necessary workers takes at least three days off．
  Many people believe that Dickens'popular descriptions of the festive period became a blueprint for generations to come．In his classic novel，A Christmas Carol，he not only put forward the idea of snow at Christmas，but also painted a picture of glowing warmth-home enjoyments，affections and hopes．
    In his biography of Dickens，Peter Ackroyd wrote："Dickens Can be said to have almost single-handedly created the modem idea of Christmas．"
"Dickensian"poverty
      Dickens was one of the first to take an honest look at the underclass and the poor of Victorian（the period during British Queen Victoria's reign from l837 to 1901）London．
He helped popularize the term"red tape"to describe situations where people in power use needless amounts of bureaucracy（官僚作風(fēng)）in a way that particularly hurts the weaker and  poorer members of society．
"Dickensian"has now become a powerful word for describing an unacceptable level of poverty．In 2009，when the president of the Association of Teachers and Lecturers in the UK wanted to talk about deprivation（剝奪權(quán)利）in some areas of Britain，she did not use words like"terrible"or"horrific"，but rather described it as"life mirroring the times of Dickens"．

60．What is the main idea of the article？B
  A．An introduction to Charles Dickens'classic novels．
  B．Charles dickens'impact on the world．
  C．Charles Dickens'amazing characters．
  D．Why Charles Dickens is popular across the world．
61．Why is Dickens called"the man who invented Christmas"？B
  A．Because he created the religious festival．
  B．Because many of his novels have something to do with Christmas．
  C．Because one of his novels helped to shape Christmas celebrations． 
  D．Because he was the first man to have proposed celebrating Christmas．
62．According to the article，the phrase"red tape"refers toD．
  A．rules or procedures that are required to accomplish a task
  B．a(chǎn) situation in which poor members of society are hurt．
  C．conflict between people in power and weaker people
  D．pointlessly time-consuming official procedures．

分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們講述了狄更斯對整個世界的影響，他不僅一手創(chuàng)造了現(xiàn)代圣誕節(jié)，而且誠實對待下層人員和維多利亞窮人，對社會弱勢成員普及知識，拒絕官僚作風(fēng)，他的貢獻(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不止是文學(xué)上的成就，他為那個時代帶去了光芒，因此，他值得我們紀(jì)念．

解答 60．B．主旨大意題．根據(jù)文章第二段：To mark this date，BBC writer Alex Hudson listed six things Dickens gave the modern world．為紀(jì)念這個日子，BBC作家亞歷克斯•哈德遜列舉了狄更斯帶給現(xiàn)代世界的六件事，可知主要講的是狄更斯對整個世界的影響，故選A．
61．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第五段"he not only put forward the idea of snow at Christmas，but also painted a picture of glowing warmth-"home enjoyments，affections and hopes"．"他不僅提出了圣誕節(jié)雪的想法，還描繪出一幅溫暖發(fā)光的圖畫"以及第六段"Dickens can be said to have almost single-handedly created the modern idea of Christmas．"狄更斯可以說一手創(chuàng)造了現(xiàn)代圣誕節(jié)．故選B．
62．D．推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段"He helped popularize the term"red tape"to describe situations where people in power use needless amounts of bureaucracy （官僚作風(fēng)） in a way that particularly hurts the weaker and poorer members of society．"可知red tape的意思是官方辦事時的繁文縟節(jié)，故選D．

點評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

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B．the cause of arguments in schools
C．how to analyze youth violence         
D．how to deal with school conflicts
33．From Paragraph 2we can learn thatB．
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B．a(chǎn) small conflict can lead to violence
C．students tend to lose their temper easily
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