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     When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no
other witnesses. This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect.
     The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect, which is named after Catherine "Kitty"
Genovese, a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13, 1964. Early in the morning,
28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she
was attacked and stabbed (刺) by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese's
repeated cries for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her
cries called police for help. The attack first began at 3:20, but it was not until 3:50 that someone first
contacted police.
     Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident, as well as most Americans. As the conclusion,
the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments.
     There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much
pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those
present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other
observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not
appropriate.
     Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is ambiguous
(not clear). In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a "lovers' quarrel", and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered.
1. The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect because        a woman surnamed Genovese.  
A. its discovery resulted from the murder of    
B. it somehow caused the murder of
C. it was actually discovered by        
D. it always makes people think of
2. It's likely that the neighbors didn't offer help because__________.
A. They believed in the bystander effect.        
B. They knew Genovese and Moseley well.
C. They were afraid of the murderer.    
D. They thought someone else might help.
3. Before deciding to offer help, observers may        , according to the psychologists.  
A. wait for sort of a signal
B. want to be sure it's appropriate to react
C. hesitate and estimate the risk of getting hurt
D. wonder if the victim is worth helping
4. The article seems to suggest that, if there had been     observers, Genovese might not have been
murdered.
A. no
B. braver
C. more
D. fewer
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科目：高中英語 來源：英語教研室 題型：050

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When I opened my e-mail the other day, a blond woman named Rachel appeared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talking with great enthusiasm. Every now and then she stopped to smile and blow a kiss. I guess that the e-mail she was reading to me came from my brother, and that a lot of it was about the trouble he was having getting the phone company to set up his high-speed Internet hookup. Still, it was pretty cool.

    Rachel was there thanks to a new technology called Facemail. Facemail lets you send e-mail that gets read to the recipient (接收者) by an attractive male or female form or by a devil or clown (小丑). The software, which is free, can be downloaded at www.facemail.com. And you can choose the face from an array (列表). If Facemail catches on—yes, I’d have to say that's still as if—it could change e-mail as we know it.

    Facemail is about to get a lot more interesting. In a few weeks you will be able to speak into a microphone in your computer and have your own voice read thee-mail you send. The company has signed a deal with Kodak so that sometimes next year you will be able to submit a photo and your own face will be the one reading your e-mail.

    The main thing Facemail has for it right now is that it's fun. That's no surprise, since the company's chief executive is Lucie Salhany, founder of UPN and former head of Fox Broadcasting. As its new capabilities kick in, Facemail could become a lot more popular. After all, what grandparent wouldn't prefer e-mail with the voice and picture of a grandchild instead of coldly impersonal text?

1．We can see from this passage the Rachel  ________.

    A. is a friend of the writer's brother

    B. is working at a computer company

    C. is an attractive woman hired to read e-mail for others

    D. is not a real person

2．How can you get Facemail if you are interested in it?

    A. You can get it at a very low price.

    B. You can send e-mail at www.facemail.com.

    C. You can get it through Internet for nothing.

    D. You can place an order at www.facemail.com.

3．Sometime next year, you will _________________.

    A. hear your own voice reading your e-mail

    B. see your own picture while reading your e-mail

    C. have your own face reading e-mail you send others

    D. hear your own e-mil read together with your picture

4．We can infer from the second paragraph that the writer ________.

    A. doesn't believe that the Facemail would become popular

    B. doubts whether Facemail will be hot soon

    C. is sure that Facemail will work wonders for e-mail

    D. believes that Facemail has a good market ahead of it

5．The writer believes that Facemail could become a lot more popular mainly because ________.

    A. it is convenient and fun

    B. more and more advanced technology will be used in it

    C. Lucie Salhany is in charge of it

    D. it can make communications by computer more personal

 

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：053

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When She Was Sixty

　　Senior citizens are permitted to travel cheaply on a bus if they have a special card．Women may get the card when they are sixty.

　　Mrs. Mathews lived in the country but she went into town once a week to buy food and other things for the house,and she usually went by bus. She always had to pay the full price for her ride.

　　Then she reached the age of sixty and got her senior citizen's card,but when she used it for the first time on the bus,it made her feel very old．

　　The bus driver had often seen her travelling on the bus before,and he noticed that she was feeling unhappy,so after she had paid her money,he winkled (眨眼) at her and whispered．“Don't forget to give your mother's card back to her when yon see her again. ”

　　Mrs. Mathews was very happy when she heard this.

(1)Who can get a special card when they are sixty?

[　　]

A．Senior citizens.
B．Old people.
C．Women.
D．Men.

(2)Before she was sixty, Mrs. Mathews used to _________.

[　　]

A．live alone

B．go to town once a month

C．go to town by car

D．pay the full price for her ride

(3)How was Mrs. Mathews feeling when she used the senior citizen's card for the first time?

[　　]

A．She was sad．

B．She was sorry.

C．She was proud．

D．She was disappointed．

(4)Why was Mrs. Mathews very happy when she heard the driver's words?

[　　]

A．Because she was travelling cheaply.

B．Because she loved her mother deeply.

C．Because she was still under sixty.

D．Because she thought she looked much younger than she really was.

(5)From the passage we know the bus driver

[　　]

A．had a poor eyesight

B．was not polite to old people

C．was a kind-hearted man

D．mistook her for a young lady

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科目：高中英語 來源：同步題 題型：閱讀理解

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     When Mark was 8,his third grade teacher announced a class spelling contest；the prize was attractive
to him and he wanted to win the contest badly.
     In honor of the spelling contest,Mark finally agreed to a haircut.Before he changed his mind,I quickly
took him to the barbershop.I used to find various prizes,like a weekend trip or a new music CD,to get him there every time his hair was long.
     "Make it a lucky cut,"I instructed barber Joe."Mark is competing in an important spelling contest next
week."
     "Well,did you do your homework?"barber Joe asked.
     "Yes,"Mark replied.
     "Did you study hard?"barber Joe asked.
     "Yes,"Mark replied.
     "Do you have confidence?"barber Joe asked.
     "Confidence.C－O－N－F－I－D－E－N－C－E.Confidence.A lot of people spell that word
wrong,"Mark explained.
     "Sure.You can spell it,"baber Joe responded."But do you have it?You have got to have confidence in
yourself,son.It's a winner's secret weapon (武器). "
     Mark won the spelling contest and got the prize-a free pizza lunch.And Mark never forgot barber Joe's words:"You have got to have confidence in yourself,son.It's a winner's secret weapon."
     Decades later,after becoming famous for his special design in buildings,Mark began receiving interview requests.When he discussed his design approach with one particular feature writer,the reporter asked him a question,"You're considered as a special one in the world of architecture.When everyone around says it can't be done,what makes you think you can pull it off?"
     After thinking a bit,Mark replied,"Confidence.After I've done my homework,and studied my idea from every possible angle,if I still see it then I know the only thing standing between me and success is
confidence.It's a winner's secret weapon."
1. What can we infer about little Mark from the passage?
A. He didn't take his study seriously.
B. He didn't like to have his hair cut.
C. He was not good at spelling.
D. He was a kid with few hobbies or interests.
2. What was the prize for the winner of the spelling contest?
A. A new music CD.  
B. A free haircut.
C. A free weekend trip.  
D. A free pizza lunch.
3. What does Mark do now?
A. An architect.  
B. An engineer.
C. A barber.  
D. A reporter.
4. From the passage,we can learn ________.
A. the author was worried about Mark's study
B. the barber's words have influenced Mark greatly
C. Mark stopped doing his homework to prepare for the spelling contest
D. Mark turned to many people for help to succeed in the spelling contest
5. The passage is written to ________.
A. honor a person who influences Mark greatly
B. prove the great power of others' encouragement
C. say a person needs confidence to succeed
D. say childhood experience can greatly affect a person
6. 用30詞左右概括文章大意
     _______________________________________________________
     _______________________________________________________
     _______________________________________________________

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科目：高中英語 來源：內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)期中題 題型：閱讀理解

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     When I was in the third grade, I was picked to be the princess in the school play. For weeks my
mother had helped me practice my lines. But once on stage, every word disappeared from my head.
Then my teacher told me she had written a narrator's part for the play, and asked me to change roles.
Though I didn't tell my mother what had happened that day, she sensed my unhappiness and asked if
I wanted to take a walk in the yard. It was a lovely spring day. We could see dandelions(蒲公英)
popping through the grass in bunches, as if a painter had touched our landscape with bits of gold. I
watched my mother carelessly bend down by one of the bunches. "I think I am going to dig up all
these weeds," she said. "From now on, we'll have only roses in this garden." "But I like dandelions," I
protested. "All flowers are beautiful-even dandelions!" My mother looked at me seriously. "Yes, every
flower gives pleasure in its own way, doesn't it?" she asked thoughtfully. I nodded. "And that is true of
people, too," she added. When I realized that she had guessed my pain, I started to cry and told her
the fact. "But you will be a beautiful narrator," she said, reminding me of how much I loved to read
stories aloud to her. Over the next few weeks, with her continuous encouragement, I learned to take
pride in the role. The big day finally came. A few minutes before the play, my teacher came over to
me. "Your mother asked me to give this to you," she said, handing me a dandelion. After the play, I
took home the flower, laughing that I was perhaps the only person who would keep such a weed.                                                                        
1. The girl did not play the role of the princess mainly because_____  
A. she felt nervous on the stage.
B. she lost her interest in that role.
C. she preferred the role of the narrator
D. she had difficulty memorizing her words                                      
2.Why did the mother suggest a walk in the garden?
A. To remove the dandelions              
B. To enjoy the garden scene                                                          
C. to help her daughter with the play.      
D. to have a talk with her daughter.    
3. What is the main idea of the story?                                              
A. Everybody can find his or her own way to success.
B. Everybody should learn to play different roles                                          
C. Everybody has his or her own value in the world.
D. Everybody has some unforgettable memory.

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科目：高中英語 來源：陜西省同步題 題型：閱讀理解

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     When we think of leadership, we often think of strength and power.But what are these really, and
how do they operate?
     Leadership today is not about forcing others to do things.Even if this is possible, it is shortterm, and
tends to produce unexpected and unwanted results.If you order someone to do something against their
will, they may do it because they feel they have to, but the anger they feel will do more harm in the long
term.They will also experience fear.
     Fear causes the thinking brain to shut down, making the person unable to function at his or her best.
If they connect you with this emotion of fear, they will become less functional around you, and you will
have succeeded in not only shooting yourself in the foot, but possibly making a very good employee or
partner unable to perform effectively.Fear does no good to leadership.
     The way we influence people in a lasting way is by our own character, and our understanding and use
of emotion.We can order someone to do something, which may be part of the work day; or we can
employ them at the emotional level, so they will become fully devoted to the projects and provide some
of their own motivation.Today's work place is all about relationships.
     Anyone works harder in a positive environment in which they're recognized and valued as a human
being as well as a worker.Everyone produces just a bit more for someone they like.Leaders understand
the way things work.They know the pay check is not the single most important factor in the work life of
most people.
     The true strength of leadership is an inner strength that comes from the confidence of emotional
intelligence-knowing your own emotions, and how to handle them, and those of others.Developing your
emotional intelligence is the single best thing you can do if you want to develop your relationship with
people around you, which is the key to the leadership skills.

1.  The writer thinks that it is not________for us to connect leadership with strength and power.

A.  possible 
B.  necessary
C.  easy  
D.  effective

2.  People may NOT be working hard when________.

A.  they're regarded as human beings
B.  they like their leaders
C.  money is taken as the most important
D.  leaders understand the way things work

3.  From the passage, we can conclude that________is the key to making a good leader.

A.  developing one's emotional intelligence
B.  in fluencing others in one's own way
C.  producing some unexpected results
D.  having confidence in one's ability

4.  This passage is most helpful to those who________.

A.  have strength and power
B.  are going to make a speech
C.  would like to be leaders
D.  are to be excellent employees

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