Question

Did you get a flu shot this year？For the first time，the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US is recommending that all children aged from 6 months to 18 years receive the flu vaccine.

Vaccines battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.A weakened form of the germ (病菌) is introduced into the body.The body makes special substances called antibodies (抗體) to fight the germs.If the actual germs were to attack，the antibodies would fight.Because there are many kinds of flu viruses，scientists must create a new vaccine formula (處方) each year.Researchers must make a prediction.

It is like forecasting the weather.Sometimes they are right on，and sometimes they are off.But even when the vaccine does not closely match circulating flu types，it can make the illness less serious.

“The flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio (小兒麻痹癥) vaccine or the measles vaccine，” says Dr.William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.“It’s not a great vaccine，but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.”

But a flu vaccine doesn’t work for everyone.There are certain people who should be careful about taking it，because the vaccine is produced in eggs.Those who are allergic (過(guò)敏的) to eggs should not take it.If you have a fever，you should wait until you recover.

Some people are afraid that they might get the flu from the flu shot.Scientists say that it is not possible，because the viruses in the flu shot are inactivated.But some minor side effects such as low?grade fever and body ache could occur.If they do，they begin soon after the shot and usually last only one to two days.

Did you know？Smallpox was the first disease people tried to prevent by putting a virus into a healthy person.In 1796，English scientist Edward Jenner placed some infected material under a boy’s skin.

1.The underlined word “vaccine” (in Para.1) refers to________.

A．virus used for fighting against disease

B．antibody to fight the germs

C．formula to fight against disease

D．germ to be injected into the body

2.By saying “It’s not a great vaccine，but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.” (in Para.4)，William Schaffner means the flu vaccine________.

A．is as effective as the polio and the measles vaccines

B．is worse，compared with the polio and the measles vaccines

C．does help to make illness less serious

D．is quite good because it works for everyone

3.We can infer from the passage that________.

A．those who are not allergic to eggs can take the flu vaccine

B．not all the flu vaccines are effective for everyone

C．you should go to a doctor if you have a fever after taking the flu vaccine

D．it is possible that some people might get? the flu from the flu shot

4.When people take the flu vaccine，________.

A．they’ll be allergic to eggs

B．their bodies will ache for 5 days

C．they probably have a low fever

D．they won’t catch a flu ever after

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.D

2.C

3.B

4.C

【解析】

1.

解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。由第二段可知，一種形式受到弱化的病菌被注入體內(nèi)，人體就會(huì)產(chǎn)生抗體。病毒入侵時(shí)，抗體就能抗擊病毒，因而vaccine是一種注入人體的病菌，故選D項(xiàng)。

2.2】　C

解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。William Schaffner說(shuō)流感疫苗不像小兒麻痹癥疫苗或麻疹疫苗那么有效，后又說(shuō)它不是一個(gè)效果特別好的疫苗，但是效果還不錯(cuò)，也就是說(shuō)多多少少對(duì)疾病會(huì)有幫助。

3.3】　B

解析　推理判斷題。文章第三段說(shuō)流感疫苗就像天氣預(yù)報(bào)那樣，有的時(shí)候能對(duì)上正在流行的流感類型，有的時(shí)候則對(duì)不上。第五段第一句又說(shuō)疫苗不是對(duì)每個(gè)人都管用，也就是說(shuō)流感疫苗并不是對(duì)每個(gè)人都有效。

4.4】　C

解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，注射流感疫苗后，人體可能會(huì)有反應(yīng)，比如發(fā)低燒和身體疼痛等，但這些癥狀在一兩天內(nèi)就可消失。