12.For years,there has been a bias (偏見) against science among clinical psychologists (臨床心理學家).In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science,psychologists led by Timothy B.Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to"provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness"and"give more weight to their personal experiences than to science."As a result,patients have no guarantee that their"treatment will be informed by …science."Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment."The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment,"he told me,and"there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science."
The"widening"reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying (確認) the most effective treatments.Thanks to strict clinical trials,we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new,healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression,panic disorder and other problems,with multiple trials showing that these treatments-the tools of psychology-bring more lasting benefits than drugs.
You wouldn't know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist.Although many treatments are effective,relatively few psychologists learn or practice them.
Why in the world not?For one thing,says Baker,clinical psychologists are"very doubtful about the role of science"and"lack solid science training".Also,one third of patients get better no matter what treatment (if any) they have,"and psychologists remember these successes,believing,wrongly,that they are the result of the treatment."
When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science,clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works.A 2008study of 591psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues'experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient.If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine,warns Mischel,psychology will"discredit (損傷名譽)itself."
(Note:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12WORDS)
78.Clinical psychologists can't explain the effectiveness of their treatment mainly because they rely ontheir personal experience.
79.What has widened the gap between clinical practice and science?The great progress in psychological research
80.According to Baker,what are the reasons that prevent clinical psychologists from learning or practicing effective treatment?Their doubt about the role of science and inadequate science training
81.To avoid discrediting psychology,clinical psychologists need tosupport their treatment with science.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章向我們說明了臨床心理學家更依靠自己的經(jīng)驗而不是科學的判斷去治療病人,說明臨床心理學家應該用科學的方法支持他們的治療.
解答 78.their personal experience 細節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)第一段Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to"provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness"and"give more weight to their personal experiences than to science."可知臨床心理學家不能解釋他們的治療的有效性,主要是因為他們更依靠自己的經(jīng)驗而不是科學的判斷,故填their personal experience.
79.The great progress in psychological research 細節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)第二段The"widening"reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying (確認) the most effective treatments.可知心理學研究的重大進展擴大了臨床實踐和科學之間的差距,故填The great progress in psychological research.
80.Their doubt about the role of science and inadequate science training 細節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)第四段For one thing,says Baker,clinical psychologists are"very doubtful about the role of science"and"lack solid science training".可知Baker認為是科學家對科學的作用和他們科學訓練的不足阻止臨床心理學家學習或實施有效的治療,故填Their doubt about the role of science and inadequate science training.
81.support their treatment with science 推理判斷題,根據(jù)最后一段When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science,clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works.A 2008study of 591psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues'experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient.If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine,warns Mischel,psychology will"discredit (損傷名譽)itself."可知為了避免給心理學家抹黑,臨床心理學家需要用科學的方法支持他們的治療,故填support their treatment with science.
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