Scientists Alan M．Goldberg and Thomas Hartung describe recent advances in replacing the use of animals in toxicology(毒物學(xué))testing．Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．Computer models are becoming increasingly complex and many could one day become more accurate than trials in living animals．
Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants （好戰(zhàn)分子）．At a hearing，a Senate．committee listened to testimony（證詞） against Huntingdon employees and financial institutions providing services to the company．One experimentation witness at the hearing insisted that any means necessary were justified（辯護(hù)） to spare animals’ lives；he has previously accepted the idea of murder to that end．
Use of animals in testing and in biomedical research continues to be necessary in many instances and is ethically（倫理道德地）preferable to experimenting on humans or giving up cures that could save human lives．But for the sake of people and animals alike，the development and acceptance of animal substitutes deserve enthusiastic support．
In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)）have yet to catch up．In both the European Union and the U．S．，scientists and companies wanting to use the new alternative tests complain that regulatory standards for proving a drug or chemical to be safe for humans force the continued use of animals．Thus，animal-loving Americans might turn to persuading the EPA and the FDA to speed validation（確認(rèn)）of new methods so that they can be more widely employed．And animal advocates（保護(hù)者） who want to influence business could consider investing in the small biotech’s and large pharmaceutical（藥品的） companies that are working to develop alternatives to animals in research．
小題1:_____ plays a leading role in replacing the use of animals in testing．
A．Huntingdon Life SciencesB．Improvement in technologies
C．Animal-fights militantsD．Scientists Alan and Thomas
小題2:Accordingly, the animal-rights militants hold the view that_____．
A．a(chǎn)nimals shouldn’t be used in toxicology testing
B．a(chǎn)nimals should enjoy equal rights with human beings
C．a(chǎn)nimals should live wildly and freely
D．we should protect animals from being killed casually
小題3:From the passage，we can find _____．
A．the use of animals in testing has been stopped abruptly
B．a(chǎn)nimal substitutes are not preferable
C．supervising standards contribute to the continued use of animals in testing
D．only Huntingdon Life Sciences is accused
小題4:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Saving animals and people．
B．The new trend in toxicology testing
C．The use of animals in testing is against human nature
D．New technology changes the fate of animals
小題5:The writer’s attitude towards replacing the use of animals in toxicology is____．
A．a(chǎn)rbitrary（武斷的，隨意的）B．pessimistic
C．indifferent（不關(guān)心的 ）D．optimistic

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:C
小題4:B
小題5:D

試題分析：數(shù)百年來，人類已在使用動物進(jìn)行病毒學(xué)研究。近年，隨著動物保護(hù)組織的反對和電腦模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)的成功，這人們在討論這種以活體動物為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的手段還能繼續(xù)下去嗎？
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)題;從第一段的句子：Improvements in cell and tissue culture technologies，for example，allow a growing number of tests to be performed on human cells alone．毫無疑問，用動物進(jìn)行病毒學(xué)研究，對人類健康保障起了重要作用。要在實(shí)驗(yàn)中不用或少用動物，有賴于現(xiàn)代技術(shù)的改進(jìn)和發(fā)展。選B
小題2:細(xì)節(jié)題：從第二段的句子：Since the late 1990s，Huntingdon Life Sciences--a company that conducts testing of substances on animals conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration—has become a proving ground for aggressive strategies by animal-rights militants 可知好戰(zhàn)的動物保護(hù)分子的極端意見，認(rèn)為人類要停止以動物為研究對象的所有實(shí)驗(yàn)。選A
小題3:細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)最后一段的句子：In some instances, substitutes are already thought as good or better than animals，but supervising agencies（監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)）have yet to catch up．可知動物實(shí)驗(yàn)在現(xiàn)有條件下還要存在，但必須有一個監(jiān)督標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（supervising standard），以便對動物保護(hù)要求有個交代。選C
小題4:主旨題：文中提到毒物學(xué)研究有新發(fā)展，可以用電腦模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)過程，但這些都還不完善，只是一種科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展傾向。選B
小題5:作者態(tài)度題：在語境中考查形容詞的用法。arbitrary意為“任意的”，pessimistic意為“悲觀的”， indifferent意為“不以為然的”， optimistic意為“樂觀的”，按作者的意見，在新技術(shù)的條件下，完全有可能用其它手段代替活體動物實(shí)驗(yàn)，是樂觀的態(tài)度，故選D。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Cutting global warming pollution would not only make the planet healthier, it would make people healthier too, new research suggests.
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Some possible benefits seemed highly speculative (投機(jī)的，推測的), the researchers conceded (承認(rèn)，給予), based on people driving less and walking and cycling more. Other proposals studied were more concrete and achievable, such as reducing cook stoves that burn dung (糞便), charcoal and other polluting fuels in the developing world.
And cutting carbon dioxide emissions also makes the air cleaner, reducing lung damage for millions of people, doctors said.
“Here are ways you can attack major health problems at the same time as dealing with climate change," said lead author Dr. Paul Wilkinson, an environmental epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
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A．How can people live longer.
B．Cutting carbon dioxide emissions saves life.
C．Global warming threatens people’s lives
D．People should stop relying on fossil fuels
小題2:The new research differs from past studies in that ________.
A．it focuses on the immediate benefits of cutting carbon dioxide emissions
B．it studies the bad effects arising from future global warming
C．it is believed by most people
D．it mainly targets at developing countries
小題3:According to Kathleen Sebelius ________.
A．sometimes it takes years to see the bad effects caused by consuming fossil fuels
B．without greenhouse gas emissions, people would not die of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
C．the main reason why people get sick is that they rely on fossil fuels
D．death from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are closely related to greenhouse gas emissions
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B．switching to low-polluting cars would save 160 lives in London every year
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D．Rapid development of the Internet calls for new advertising strategies and mediums.
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B．whether the medium is interactive
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D．the cost of advertising with each medium
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C．Internet users will develop free software to block its effectiveness.
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A．TwoB．ThreeC．FourD．Five
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C．why spoken English is important
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In nature, you may see many insects and animals of different colors. Have you ever wondered why?
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Have you ever noticed some even stranger acts（行為）? The ink fish in the sea can send out some very black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over, its enemies will find themselves in a dark world. At the same time the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself safe though it is not strong at all.
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小題3:What is the main idea of this passage?
A．Some insects and animals have different skills.
B．Some insects and animals are cleverer than we think.
C．Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The State Council declared Wednesday it would restart China's nuclear power program, ending the hiatus（中斷）in nuclear construction since Japan's Fukushima nuclear disaster last year.
China has been the most courageous country in building nuclear power, with the largest number of plants currently under construction. Nuclear power is facing a tough time in developed countries. The Japanese public is demanding the closure of all the country's nuclear power plants. China is at the forefront of nuclear power development. But it has been forced into this position.
Rapid economic development coupled with improvements in people's life both demand more electricity. It is impossible to exploit fossil resources forever as the supply of coal, oil and natural gas is limited. China has no choice but to develop nuclear power.
China must be the safest user of nuclear power. It should become a leading country in developing nuclear power technologies and increasing the world's knowledge of nuclear power. 
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Second, China should establish effective communication mechanisms（機(jī)制）between the government, power plants and the public. It's wrong to think the government can control every aspect of nuclear power plant construction.
The opposition to nuclear power program in developed countries has prevented them from building new plants, but they already have many. These governments are reluctant to close these plants despite strong opposition, because they cannot find better substitutes. 
Nuclear power only occupies 1.8 percent of China's current electricity grid（輸電網(wǎng)）, much lower than the proportion in many developed countries. China's nuclear power plan should introduce the advantages of the technologies of other countries and also be creative in providing security. Its space technology is not the most advanced, but its launch safety measures have proven to be among the best.
China's high-profile high-speed railway development has drawn a lot of controversy, as will the active attitude towards developing nuclear power. But China cannot just copy what the developed countries have done. The development of nuclear power must be unique to China and it must be a ground-breaking success. But now, the real test lies ahead.
小題1:In the third paragraph the writer focuses on ______.
A．the reason why China is to develop nuclear power
B．the difficulty China has in developing nuclear power
C．the measures China will take to develop nuclear power
D．the benefits China will have by developing nuclear power
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A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Indifferent.D．Objective.
小題3:. If the Chinese government is to develop nuclear power, it needs to ______.
A．copy exactly what the developed countries have done
B．depend entirely on domestic scientists and technologies
C．a(chǎn)void people’s involvement in nuclear power plant construction
D．do everything in its power to guarantee safety in nuclear power plants
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A．It will be unique but can hardly pass too many tests.
B．It will be full of controversy but carried out firmly.
C．It will be on a smooth way to a ground-breaking success.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Human cloning technology could be used to reserve heart attacks. Scientists believe that they may be able to treat heart attack by cloning their healthy heart cells and injecting them into the areas of the heart that have been damaged, and other problems may be solved if human cloning and its technology are not forbidden.
With cloning, infertile couples could have children. Current treatments for infertility, in terms of percentages, are not very successful. Couples go through physical and emotionally painful procedures for a small chance of having children. Many couples run out of time and money without successfully having children. Human cloning could make it possible for many more infertile couples to have children than ever before.
We should be able to clone the bone marrow（骨髓） for children and adults suffering from leukemia（白血�。�. This is expected to be one of the first benefits to come from cloning technology. We may learn how to switch cells on and off through cloning and thus be able to cure cancer.
Cloning technology can be used to test for and perhaps cure gene-related diseases. The above is just a few examples of what human cloning technology can do for mankind. This new technology promises unprecedented （前所未有的）advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefit begin.
小題1:What does the underlined word “infertile” (paragraph 2) most probably mean?
A．with physical and emotional problems
B．short of time and money
C．unable to give birth to children
D．separated from each other for a long time
小題2:According to the text, one of the first expected benefits from cloning technology is in ______.
A．the treatment of mental diseases
B．the reserve of heart diseases
C．the cure of gene-related diseases
D．the bearing of babies
小題3:According to the writer, the main problem with the development of human cloning technology is that__________.
A．it has brought about benefits so far
B．it may be out of human control
C．people still know little about it
D．people are afraid of such technology

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