【題目】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Mr. Smith used to be in prison for three years, which may have you think he is not a good man. But【1】fact, he is kind-hearted as well as honest. The reason【2】he was put into prison was that his six-year-old son blew up the bridge near his home, 【3】(imitate)what he had seen on TV. 【4】this little boy broke the law, he was too young to be put in prison. According to【5】local law, the boy’s parents had to be punished. As a result, Mr. Smith received the punishment. He【6】(arrest)and taken to the police station finally. Most of the people in the town showed pity on him, but it was【7】(use). After all, law is law. Everybody is to obey【8】. What’s【9】(bad), Mrs. Smith was out of work before long. Misfortunes tell us what fortune is. 【10】the Smiths have experienced does teach us a good lesson.

【答案】

【1】as

【2】why

【3】imitating

【4】Although (Though/ While )

【5】the

【6】was arrested

【7】useless

【8】it

【9】worse

【10】What

【解析】

【1】as；考察固定短語(yǔ)，as a matter of fact.事實(shí)上。句意：事實(shí)上，她心地善良且誠(chéng)實(shí)。

【2】why；考查why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他被送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄的理由是他六歲的兒子炸毀了他家附近的橋。

【3】imitating；考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句意：模仿他在電視上所看到的。

【4】Although (Though/ While )�？疾樽尣綘钫Z(yǔ)從句。句意：盡管他的兒子觸犯了法律，但是他太年幼而不能被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。

【5】the；考查定冠詞。句意：根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)胤�，這個(gè)男孩的父母應(yīng)該受到懲罰。這里的the是特指當(dāng)?shù)氐姆伞?/span>

【6】was arrested；考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他被拘捕，并且最終被送進(jìn)警局。

【7】useless；句意：這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上的大多數(shù)人對(duì)他表示同情，可是那沒(méi)有用。故用useless表否定意義。

【8】it；考察代詞。句意：畢竟，法律就是法律。每個(gè)人都要守法。

【9】worse；考查固定用法，what’s worse，更糟糕的是。

【10】What；考查what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。句意：史密斯一家所經(jīng)歷的事對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)大的教訓(xùn)。

（一）提示性填空的做題方法

1. 動(dòng)詞

（1）如果所給詞是動(dòng)詞，空格前是名詞或代詞，比較復(fù)雜的時(shí)候是動(dòng)名詞、不定式或者主語(yǔ)從句，那么這個(gè)空一定是缺謂語(yǔ)，所以要根據(jù)上下文判斷句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。如 小題6 was arrested；He_________(arrest)and taken to the police station finally.考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他被拘捕，并且最終被送進(jìn)警局。（2）如果句子不缺謂語(yǔ)，而所給詞又是動(dòng)詞，如果能排除是詞形轉(zhuǎn)換題的話，那么這個(gè)空一定是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。小題3 imitating；The reason_____he was put into prison was that his six-year-old son blew up（爆炸）the bridge near his home, ______(imitate) what he had seen on TV.考查分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句意：他被送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄的理由是，他六歲的兒子模仿他在電視上所看到的，炸毀了他家附近的橋。學(xué)生要清楚的知道非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞以及他們的被動(dòng)式和完成時(shí)等。同時(shí)要記住動(dòng)詞不定式在句子中可以充當(dāng)除了謂語(yǔ)之外的所有句子成分，多數(shù)情況下，動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生；動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。同時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，和邏輯主語(yǔ)是主謂關(guān)系，而過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已完成或者和邏輯主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。

基本知識(shí)掌握后，還要關(guān)注上下文中提供的關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)判斷是哪種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，比如watch,see, notice,hear等詞，那么有doing 和do 兩種情況，諸如此類的加動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞的單詞和短語(yǔ)學(xué)生都積累了不少，所以只要做題時(shí)加以關(guān)注，還是沒(méi)有問(wèn)題的。現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的判定比不定式和動(dòng)名詞要難，但是，只要記住固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)之外就是要找準(zhǔn)動(dòng)詞和邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，尤其是主句之前或者之后出現(xiàn)了逗號(hào)這種情況，尤其要引起注意。如he spit it out, ______(say)it was awful.（saying）

2. 名詞

名詞在語(yǔ)法填空中出現(xiàn)的幾率比較低，但是名詞卻是做自由填空的一個(gè)非常重要的參照物。名詞在提示性填空部分，最可能出現(xiàn)的題就是動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞這種形式。但是學(xué)生必須明確名詞的特點(diǎn)。單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面必須有三類修飾限定詞：a.必須有a/an,the；b.必須有形容詞性的物主代詞；c.必須有指示代詞this或者that以及不定代詞。三者是必有其一，互不兼容。不可數(shù)名詞最顯著的特點(diǎn)就是不能與a/an連用，但是英語(yǔ)中要注意一詞多義的情況(如抽象名詞具體化）。

（二）自由填空題的做題方法

1. 介詞

介詞包括表時(shí)間、方位、方式的介詞on，in，at，with，by，through等。介詞最大的特點(diǎn)可以和動(dòng)詞、形容詞等構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)，通常都是介詞在后，再就是和名詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)，尤其是要注意是否加冠詞的情況。同時(shí)，學(xué)生要清楚介詞后通常都是加名詞、代詞（賓格、名詞性物主代詞、反身代詞）、動(dòng)名詞和賓語(yǔ)從句等。

2. 連詞

連詞的考查包括的內(nèi)容比較寬泛，主要區(qū)分開(kāi)兩大部分，即并列句和復(fù)合句。這是做連詞題的關(guān)鍵。

并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句”。并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。包括表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞but，while；表并列的連詞and，or；表因果的連詞because，so等等。

3. 冠詞 冠詞的用法主要和名詞連在一起，根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行判斷是用定冠詞還是不定冠詞，亦或是不用冠詞的情況。小題5 the；考查定冠詞。According to____local law, the boy’s parents had to be punished.句意：根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)胤�，這個(gè)男孩的父母應(yīng)該受到懲罰。這里的the是特指當(dāng)?shù)氐姆伞?/span>

4.代詞 在語(yǔ)法填空里，考查比較多的有人稱代詞和不定代詞，人稱代詞要弄清楚所指代的性別和數(shù)，不定代詞要弄清楚所指代或修飾的詞是什么。小題8 it；After all, law is law. Everybody is to obey______.考察代詞。句意：畢竟，法律就是法律。每個(gè)人都要守法。

總而言之，學(xué)生在了解全文大意的基礎(chǔ)上，從語(yǔ)篇著手并聯(lián)系上下文，根據(jù)自己掌握的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、詞匯知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)、固定詞組、句型搭配及對(duì)某一國(guó)家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、文化背景的了解、行文的邏輯關(guān)系、語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志等進(jìn)行填空。

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