Question

2．Loneliness has been linked to depression（抑郁）and other health problems．Now，a study says it can also spread．A friend of a lonely person was fifty-two percent more likely to develop feelings of loneliness．And a friend of that friend was twenty-five percent more likely to do the same．
Earlier findings showed that happiness，obesity（肥胖） and the ability to stop smoking can also spread like infections within social groups．The findings all come from a major health study in the American town of Framingham，Massachusetts．
The study began in 1948 to investigate the causes of heart disease．Since then，more tests have been added，including measures of loneliness and depression．
The new findings involved more than five thousand people in the second generation of the Framingham Heart Study．The researchers examined friendship histories and reports of loneliness．The results established a pattern that spread as people reported fewer close friends．
For example，loneliness can affect relationships between next-door neighbors．The loneliness spreads as neighbors who were close friends now spend less time together．The study also found that loneliness spreads more easily among women than men．
The average person is said to experience feelings of loneliness about forty-eight days a year．The study found that having a lonely friend can add about seventeen days．But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by two and a half days．
Lonely people become less and less trusting of others．This makes it more and more difficult for them to make friends-and more likely that society will reject（排斥）them．
John Cacioppo at the University of Chicago led the study．He says it is important to recognize and deal with loneliness．He says people who have been pushed to the edges of society should receive help to repair their social networks．
57．As an average person，if you have 2 more common friends，how many days a year might you suffer from loneliness？D
A.48 days．B.17 days．C.65 days．D.43 days．
58．What can we infer from the passage about lonely people？C
A．They can overcome loneliness themselves．
B．They will decrease loneliness day by day．
C．They are in great need of help from people around．
D．They can help others to repair their social networks．
59．What's the best way to help lonely people according to this passage？B
A．Put them together．B．Make friends with them．
C．Help them stop smoking．D．Ask them to loose weight．
60．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？B
A．Loneliness-The Cause of Depression
B．How Loneliness Can Affect Social Networks
C．Loneliness-A Serious Social Problem
D．How People Can Help A Lonely Person．

Answer 1

分析 本文是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告．調(diào)查研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孤獨(dú)具有傳染性，一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的人他的朋友孤獨(dú)的可能性有50%；這項(xiàng)研究涉及5000多人，研究了這些人交朋友的歷史和他們的關(guān)于孤獨(dú)的情況報(bào)告．研究發(fā)現(xiàn)孤獨(dú)影響鄰里之間的關(guān)系，在女性之間更容易傳播；朋友越多，孤獨(dú)越少；而孤獨(dú)的人越來(lái)越難以信任他人，越來(lái)越難交朋友以至于最終被社會(huì)拋棄，所以文章最后提倡多和孤獨(dú)的人交朋友．

解答 57．D．本題是計(jì)算題．由倒數(shù)第三段第一句可知一個(gè)普通人一年有48天會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)，第三句內(nèi)容可知增加兩位普通朋友可讓一個(gè)人孤獨(dú)的時(shí)間減少5天，所以答案是D．
 
58．C．推理判斷題．由最后一段最后一句可知，孤獨(dú)的人需要幫助，且倒數(shù)第三段最后一句指出，多交朋友可以減少人們的孤獨(dú)，故孤獨(dú)的人更需要友情，因此可推知答案為C項(xiàng)．
 
59．B．推理判斷題．由倒數(shù)第三段最后一句"But every additional friend can decrease loneliness by two and a half days．每增加一個(gè)朋友可減少孤獨(dú)兩天半"推斷多交朋友會(huì)減少孤獨(dú)；倒數(shù)第二段最后一句也可推知幫助孤獨(dú)者最好的方法是與他們交朋友．
 
60．B．主旨大意題．第一段點(diǎn)明了本文的主題：孤獨(dú)影響朋友、鄰里等社會(huì)關(guān)系，并且文章利用一項(xiàng)調(diào)查研究的數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)明孤獨(dú)和朋友之間的關(guān)系：越孤獨(dú)就越有可能被社會(huì)排斥，多交朋友可以減少孤獨(dú)．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 調(diào)查報(bào)告或者研究報(bào)告類的閱讀理解目的在于與讀者分享新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，其發(fā)現(xiàn)往往出現(xiàn)在第一段，而文章的結(jié)尾處往往有論點(diǎn)或發(fā)現(xiàn)的概括，或研究的弊端、或研究的后續(xù)方向，所以讀這類文章的時(shí)候要特別關(guān)注首段和尾段．解題的過(guò)程中強(qiáng)調(diào)整體把握的基礎(chǔ)上依據(jù)原文細(xì)節(jié)推敲推斷．