All around the world, shoppers flock to Wal-Mart to buy everything．In Texas, they come for another reason: to see the wind turbine(渦輪機(jī)) , which supplies 5% of the store's electricity．It along with other facilities, such as exterior walls coated with heat-reflective paint, makes this Wal-Mart a green giant．
The laws of economics suggest that Wal-Mart, with 5, 200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods．It throws its weight behind environmental responsibility, and the impact could be amazing．"One little change in product packaging could  save 1, 500 trees," says Wal-Mart CEO Lee Scott．"If everybody saves 1, 500 trees or 50 barrels of oil, at the end of the day you have made a huge difference．"
Scott wants Wal-Mart to do its part too．He has promised to cut the existing greenhouse-gas emissions （排放） over the next few years and promised to construct new stores that are more efficient．He wants Wal-Mart's fleet (車隊(duì)) of more than 7, 000 trucks to get twice as many miles per gallon by 2015．Factories that show Wal-Mart they're cutting air pollution will get preferential treatment in the supply chain. Wal-Mart says it's working with consumer-product manufacturers to  reduce their packaging and will reward them if they do so．
Some people may doubt it is a bid to attract attention from Wal-Mart's controversial labor and health-insurance practices．But it's not just window dressing, because Wal-Mart sees profits in going green．Scott says, "This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy．We don't go where we don't think there's a great interest in change．"
Like Bill Gates, who started his charitable foundation, Scott happens to be promoting Wal-Mart's image at a time when his company's reputation is declining．He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield （保護(hù)，庇護(hù)） Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to global warming．" By doing what we're doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything," he says．"At some point businesses will be held responsible for the actions they take．" Meanwhile, should Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit．
小題1:We can infer from the passage that ______．
A．Lee Scott is Wal-Mart's CEO
B．there are 5, 200 stores in the world
C．Wal-Mart has a great influence on the world market
D．Wal-Mart has more than 7, 000 trucks all over the world
小題2:What does the underlined sentence "This is a business philosophy, not a social philosophy．" mean in the fourth paragraph?
A．Wal-Mart predicts huge profits in its green activity．
B．Wal-Mart's green activity is just window dressing．
C．Wal-Mart aims to solve its health-insurance practices．
D．Wal-Mart doesn't have any social responsibility at all．
小題3:What will Wal-Mart probably do in the future?
A．Reduce air pollution in its present stores．
B．Give favorable treatment to its consumers．
C．Ask the factories to reduce their packaging．
D．Demand the fleet of trucks to use more fuel than before．
小題4:What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Provide the background of the green plan．
B．Stress the purpose of Wal-Mart's green plan．
C．Present the risk that Wal-Mart is facing nowadays．
D．Analyze the similarity between Bill Gates and Scott.

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:A
小題4:B

試題分析：本文講述了沃爾瑪公司將在環(huán)保方面做出的一系列的行動(dòng)，并具體解釋了沃爾瑪公司這樣做的原因。
小題1:C 推理題。根據(jù)文章第二段The laws of economics suggest that Wal-Mart, with 5, 200 stores worldwide, influences everything including the price of all kinds of goods．可知沃爾瑪對(duì)世界有很大的影響，因?yàn)樗姆值攴植荚谑澜绺鞯亍９蔆正確。
小題2:A 推理題。根據(jù)本句前一句because Wal-Mart sees profits in going green．可知沃爾瑪在綠色環(huán)保方面看到了新的利潤(rùn)所在，也就是說進(jìn)行綠色環(huán)保方面的行動(dòng)可以在利潤(rùn)方面得到補(bǔ)充。故A正確。
小題3:A 推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Meanwhile, should Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit．可知沃爾瑪要在綠色環(huán)保方面做出更多的努力。4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)是與環(huán)保有關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故A正確。
小題4:B 段落大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段Scott happens to be promoting Wal-Mart's image at a time when his company's reputation is declining．He acknowledges that he launched the plan partly to shield （保護(hù)，庇護(hù)） Wal-Mart from bad press about its contribution to global warming．" By doing what we're doing today, we avoid the headline risks that are going to come for people who did not do anything," he says可知沃爾瑪這樣做是為了維護(hù)公司形象，最終的目的還是為了獲得利潤(rùn)。故本段是為了說明沃爾瑪這一計(jì)劃的目的。故B正確。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

How would you like to sleep with one half your brain asleep and the other half awake? Dolphins sleep this way. Recently, scientists at Indiana State University have discovered that ducks sleep this way too. They found that ducks sleep half awake so they can rest and watch for danger at the same time.
After putting their ducks in a row and videotaping them, some researchers found ducks on the end of each row spent more time asleep with one eye open, apparently looking for predators.
“The more the ducks felt threatened, the more they slept with one eye open,” said lead author Niels C. Rattenborg, a graduate student at Indiana State University, Terre Haute. “The unique aspect is not that they do it, but that they control it. When they sleep at the edge of a group, they tend to realize greater danger, so they spend more time sleeping with one half of their brain.” Ducks with one eye open were still awake enough to detect predators, said the authors of the study, which appears today in the journal Nature.
The researchers studied four groups of four ducks held in plastic boxes, which were arranged in a row. Ducks on the end were found to sleep with one eye open 31.8 per cent of the time, compared to 12.4 percent of the time for ducks in the central position.
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小題1:The under lined word “predator” is most likely to mean      .
A．a(chǎn)n animal that is likely to be friends with ducks
B．a(chǎn) human being who looks after and feeds ducks
C．a(chǎn) scientist who does research work on animals
D．a(chǎn)n animal that hunts, kills and eats other animals
小題2:Ducks at the end of each row sleep with one eye open because      .
A．they are looking for food
B．they are watching out for danger
C．they want to enjoy the scenery
D．they are unique in their sleeping habit
小題3:Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Ducks with one eye open at the edge can still enjoy a certain degree of sleep.
B．Ducks with less sense of duty usually choose to stay in the center of a row.
C．Ducks on the northern end of a row would keep their eye facing the south open.
D．A video tape recorder was the only electronic device used in the experiment.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that it's best to sleep on a problem. They say sleep strengthens the memory and helps the brain organize the masses of information we receive each day.
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A．pay full attention to a problemB．wait until later for a decision
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C．show their knowledge of words
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A．Themes learned right before the test
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A．It shows sleep may help us manage information
B．It helps find out the common themes of word
C．It tells us that more sleep can improve health
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Nickname (昵稱): Hawaii’s Island of Adventure.
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Beaches: 47  Golf Courts: 20   Highest Peak: Mauna Kea, 13,796 feet.
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Lodging: 9,655 rooms in total; nightly rates range from $ 35 to $ 5,000.
Airports: Hilo International Airport on the east side and Kona International Airport on the west
side.
Rental Cars: All of the nationally known rental car companies have locations at Hilo  International and Kona International Airports as well as many resorts. In addition, Hilo, Kona and the major resort areas are serviced by taxis.
Resources: Call (800) 648-2441 to order a video, a poster, brochures and maps from the Big Island Visitors Bureau. Turn to www. Bigisland. org for updated information.
Shopping: The largest shopping centers are in Hilo, Kona, Waimea and the Kona Coast.
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A．TouristsB．StudentsC．BusinessmenD．Officials
小題2:The average population per square mile on the island is about _____.
A．28B．37C．32D．44
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A．Things are easy to lose weight at higher places
B．Dropping things from higher places is expected
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Below is a selection from a popular science book.
If blood is red, why are veins (靜脈) blue?
Actually, veins are not blue at all. They are more of a clear, yellowish colour. Although blood looks red when it's outside the body, when it's sitting in a vein near the surface of the skin, it's more of a dark reddish purple color. At the right depth, these blood-filled veins reflect less red light than the surrounding skin, making them look blue by comparison.
Which works harder, your heart or your brain?
Which works harder depends on whether you are busy thinking or busy exercising. Your heart works up to three times harder during exercise, and shifts enough blood over a lifetime to fill a supertanker. But, in the long run, your brain probably tips it, because even when you’re sitting still your brain is using twice as much energy as your heart, and it takes four to five times as much blood to feed it.
Why do teeth fall out, and why don't they grow back in grown-ups?
Baby (or "milk") teeth do not last long; they fall out to make room for bigger, stronger adult teeth later on. Adult teeth fall out when they become damaged, decayed and infected by bacteria. Once this second set of teeth has grown in, you're done. When they're gone, they’re gone. This is because nature figures you're set for life, and what controls regrowth of your teeth switches off.
Do old people shrink as they age?
Yes and no. Many people do get shorter as they age. But, when they do, it isn't because they're shrinking all over. They simply lose height as their spine(脊柱) becomes shorter and more curved due to disuse and the effects of gravity. Many (but not all) men and women do lose height as they get older. Men lose an average of 3-4 cm in height as they age, while women may lose 5 cm or more. If you live to be 200 years old, would you keep shrinking till you were, like 60 cm tall, like a little boy again? No, because old people don't really shrink! It is not that they are growing backwards — their legs, arms and backbones getting shorter. When they do get shorter, it's because the spine has shortened a little or, more often, become more bent and curved.
Why does spinning（旋轉(zhuǎn)） make you dizzy (眩暈的)?
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Where do feelings and emotions come from?
Mostly from an ancient part of the brain called the limbic system. All mammals have this brain area — from mice to dogs, cats, and humans. So all mammals feel basic emotions like fear, pain and pleasure. But since human feelings also involve other newer bits of the brain, we feel more complex emotions than any other animal on the planet.
If exercise wears you out, how can it be good for you?
Because our bodies adapt to everything we do to them. And as far as your body is concerned, it’s "use it, or lose it”! It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a lack of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
小題1:What is the color of blood in a vein near the surface of the skin?
A．Blue. B．Light yellow.C．Red. D．Dark reddish purple.
小題2:Why do some old people look a little shrunken as they age?
A．Because their spine is in active use.
B．Because they are more easily affected by gravity.
C．Because they keep growing backwards.
D．Because their spine becomes more bent.
小題3:Which of the following statements about our brain is true?
A．In the long run, our brain probably works harder than our heart.
B．When our brain senses the spinning, we will fell dizzy.
C．The brains of the other mammals are as complex as those of humans.
D．Our feelings and emotions come from the most developed area in our brain.
小題4:What is the main purpose of the selection?
A．To give advice on how to stay healthy.
B．To provide information about our body.
C．To challenge new findings in medical research.
D．To report the latest discoveries in medical science.

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Unlike traditional commercials, Public Service Advertisements（PSA）are primarily designed to inform and educate rather than sell a product or service. The goal of a PSA is not to make a big sale, but rather to change public opinion and raise awareness for a problem.
Smokey Bear has been a recognized symbol of the protection of America’s forests from fire. It is created to educate the public about the dangers of wildfires. Smokey Bear was started in 1944 with the slogan, “Smokey Bear Says—Care will prevent 9 out of 10 forest fires”. Smokey Bear’s later slogan,  “Remember! Only You Can Prevent Forest Fires”, was created in 1947 by the Advertising Council in America. In April 2001, the message was changed to “Only You Can Prevent Wildfires”.
The wildfire prevention campaign with Smokey Bear is one of the longest and most successful campaigns in advertising history. The Advertising Council often was in partnership with other organizations and groups to create various advertising for Smokey Bear since 1944.
The Advertising Council teamed with Walt Disney Company to create a series of PSAs. The ads feature（以···為形象）characters form the classic film Sleeping Beauty and aim to reach parents and children. The lovely Bambi also appeared in the advertisements. Mickey Mouse is much more popular throughout the country.
Those PSAs, which appear on television, on the radio, in the newspaper and on the website continue to remind Americans about the importance of wildfire prevention have helped to reduce the number of acres burned annually by wildfires. According to recent survey, Smokey Bear and his famous words of wisdom “Only You Can Prevent Wildfires” are recalled by 3 out of 4 adults.
In addition to the PSA campaign, Smokey Bear has his own U.S. postage stamp and website for more information about wildfire prevention. From the website, you can also learn all about wildfires and how we can protect our forests.
小題1:PSA are primarily designed to     .
A．educate the publicB．change people’s status
C．discuss a problemD．sell products or services
小題2:Which of the following is true of the Smoky Bear?
A．It is one recognized symbols of Walt Disney cartoons.
B．It firstly appeared in America in 1944 with no slogan.
C．It is created to warn Americans of the dangers of wildfires.
D．Its slogan changes every three years.
小題3:How does the author support his topic in Paragraph 4?
A．By summing up.B．By giving examples.
C．By comparison.D．By asking questions.
小題4:According to this text, Smoky Bear      .
A．helps a lot to reduce wildfires in America
B．isn’t popular among the American pupils
C．has set up its own website to advertise products
D．becomes the symbol of the Advertising Council

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists are developing a new kind of machine to take the place of humans. These machines can do jobs in places that are too dangerous for humans. For example, they are being developed to work in nuclear power center, deep under the oceans and in outer space.
John Marrit, a psychologist(心理學(xué)家) in Williamsburg Massachusetts, helped develop the new machine. This is how they work. A machine is placed in an area far away from the person who operates it. The person wears special hard hat with television screens and sound equipment. The screens and sound equipment let the person see and hear exactly what the machine is seeing and hearing. Mr. Marrit says this gives the person the feeling of being in the same place as the machine. The idea, he says, is being there without going there. The person uses an electronic control to make the machine move. The machine copies the person’s movements exactly. If the person raises his right arm, the machine raises the right arm, too. This means an expert can do a dangerous job while staying in the safe place. For example, a person can direct the machine to destroy a bomb without going near the bomb himself.
小題1:The new kind of machine being introduced in the passage is _______.
A．in existenceB．only an idea
C．being tried outD．being researched and developed
小題2:The machine _______.
A．follows the person’s order
B．is controlled by a computer
C．does exactly what the person does
D．is controlled by a television on the person’s head
小題3:The difference between such a new machine and a robot is that _______.
A．the new machine is more difficult to make than a robot
B．the new machine is more difficult to be controlled
C．a(chǎn) robot is controlled by man indirectly
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

But what is teacher quality? How can one measure it reliably?
An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is probably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.
Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement?
The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.
The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.
Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated關(guān)聯(lián) with teacher effectiveness.
Then what does matter? The most important single influence is experience: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.
It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.
The authors also investigate the contentious 有爭(zhēng)議的issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect 移情效應(yīng)(teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.
The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.
小題1:The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the ______.
A．the first yearB．the second yearC．the third yearD．the fourth year
小題2:The phrase “hit their stride” most probably means “______”.
A．reach their normal levelB．become confident
C．walk with long stepsD．get bored
小題3:The author of this passage holds the view that ______.
A．teachers will perform better with time passing
B．ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than later
C．teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple of years
D．a(chǎn) master’s degree will improve teacher’s effectiveness
小題4:Why do black teachers tend to be more effective with black students?
A．Students fell secure, so they respond better.
B．Teachers sympathize with students of their own race.
C．There are entirely some other identified reasons.
D．The reasons are far from clear and definite.
小題5:Which of the following may serve as the best title?
A．The Quality of Teaching
B．Impact of Teacher Quality on Student Learning
C．Different Sorts of Measurement Issues
D．Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Conservationists have unveiled plans to preserve and protect the world's most important species of coral, in a response to increasing threats that they say will lead to "functional extinction" within decades．
Led by scientists at the Zoological Society of London, the Edge Coral Reefs project has identified 10 coral species in most urgent risk of becoming extinct．The scientists say that reefs are under pressure from a variety of threats including rising sea temperatures due to climatic instability, increased acidity（酸性）, overfishing and pollution．
The Edge plan, which focuses on the most evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered species , will take a regional approach to conservation．This means focusing on the "coral triangle" around the Philippines, the West Indian Ocean around the Mozambique channel, and in the Caribbean channel．
"Coral reefs are threatened with functional extinction in the next 20-50 years, due predominantly to global climatic instability," said Catherine Head, coordinator of the reefs project．"In these regions, we'll be supporting and training in-country conservationists to carry out research and implement targeted conservation actions," she said．"Their projects will last initially for two years．We provide them with a whole host of tools to carry out their projects including funding and intensive training．" She added．
Coral reefs are the planet's most diverse marine ecosystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）, known as the rainforests of the oceans．Despite taking up under 0．2% of the ocean floor, they provide food and shelter for almost a third of all sea life．If we lose the ecosystems, we lose not only the biodiversity （生物多樣性）, but we also lose the capability of people to obtain income and food from coral reefs．
Climatic instability, which leads to rising sea temperatures, causes corals to bleach．Bleaching occurs when sea temperatures rise and this causes the coral tissue to expel their symbiotic algae called zooxanthellae - these are what give the coral their colour．Bleached corals often die if the stress continues．Among the 10 species chosen to start the Edge project are the pearl bubble coral, a food source for the hawksbill（玳瑁）turtle, and the Mushroom coral, which supports at least 15 brightly colored fish．
小題1:What does the first paragraph mean in the passage ?
A．Conservationists planned to preserve and protect some extinct corals years ago．
B．Conservationists have banned plans to protect endangered corals for years．
C．Conservationists are going to protect corals that are dying out in several ten years．
D．Conservationists have made plans to protect corals from being extinct in ten years．
小題2:What will probably happen to coral species with the increasing threats?
A．Decrease．B．Losing functions
C．Disappearance．D．Existence
小題3:Which of the following statements about the Edge Plan is TRUE?
A．The Edge Coral Reefs project was carried out by American scientists．
B．The plan concentrates on the channels to protect the endangered species．
C．The Conservationists have carried out the Edge plan for many years to protect the corals．
D．Ten coral species chosen by the project are at the greatest risk of becoming extinct．
小題4:Which of the following will be the consequence of coral extinction in the passage?
A．We will keep the balance of the marine ecosystems．
B．About one third of the marine species can't survive．
C．Man can benefit more from corals．
D．We will lose the rainforests on our earth．
小題5:What is the best title of the passage?
A．Climatic Instability and Coral Extinction
B．Reasons for Coral Functional Extinction．
C．A Plan to Save Coral from Extinction
D．A Research about Endangered Coral Reefs．

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