Question

The passages below discuss the retirement age．

Passage 1：

In the United States，the financial crisis has left the country with 11 million fewer jobs than Americans need now．No matter how tough the policy ,we are not going to find 11 million new jobs soon．So common sense suggests we should make some decisions about who should come first：older people，who have already worked three or four decades at hard jobs? Or younger people，many just out of school，with fresh skills and ambitions?

The answer is obvious．Older people who would like to retire and would do so if they could afford it should get some help．The right step is to reduce，not increase，the retirement age．As a rough cut，why not make it a law to set a three—year window during which the age for receiving full Social Security benefits would drop to 62——providing a voluntary ,one—time，grab-it-now bonus for leaving work? Let them go home! With a secure pension(退休金)and medical care，they will be happier．Young people who need work will be happier．And there will also be more jobs．With pension security, older people will consume services until the end of their lives．They will become．each and every one，an employer．

Passage 2：

Too many people see longer working lives as a worry rather than an opportunity—and not just because they are going to be chained to their desks．Some worry that there will not be enough jobs to go around．This misunderstanding，known to economists as the“l(fā)ump of labour fallacy(勞動(dòng)總量固定的謬論)”，was once used to argue that women should stay at home and leave all the jobs for breadwinning males．Now lump-of-labourites say that keeping the old at work would deprive(剝奪)the young of employment．The idea that society can become

better-off by paying more of its citizens to be idle(無(wú)所事事的)is clearly ridiculous．On that reasoning，if the retirement age came down to 25 we would all be as rich as Bill Gates．

1.In Passage 1，one reason for suggesting earlier retirement in the US is the_______

A．tough policy B．stable pension

C．high unemployment D．free medical care

2.In Passage I，the writer suggests encouraging older people to retire earlier by____________.

A．cutting their pension if they remain at work

B．giving them an extra sum o f money on retiring

C．convincing them that young people need work

D．offering them a bonus each year for three years

3.Lump-of-laborites believe that____________．

A．young citizens should be better paid

B．the old should leave jobs for the young

C．males should earn bread for the family

D．earlier retirement will lead to a poorer society

4.What is the author’s attitude towards earlier retirement in Passage 2?

A．Negative． B．Positive．

C．Unconcerned． D．Tolerant．

Answer 1

1.C

2.B

3.B

4.A

【解析】

試題分析：這兩篇文章主要討論了關(guān)于退休年齡的事情，第一篇主要講了美國(guó)的退休年齡正在縮短的現(xiàn)象以及原因。第二篇講了人們認(rèn)為希望得到更長(zhǎng)的工作壽命的機(jī)會(huì)的這種誤解令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)。而經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家分析了這種原因。

1. 推理判斷題，從第一篇文章In the United States，the financial crisis has left the country with 11 million fewer jobs than Americans need now．在美國(guó)，經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)造成了人們獲得了比現(xiàn)在更少的工作機(jī)會(huì)。說(shuō)明美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)造成了高失業(yè)率。故選C。

2. 推理判斷題，從第一篇文章中Older people who would like to retire and would do so if they could afford it should get some help．年紀(jì)大的人想要退休，也會(huì)想這樣做，如果他們負(fù)擔(dān)得起的人應(yīng)該得到一些幫助�？梢酝茢喑鋈籼崆巴诵荩�可以給他們一些額外的退休金，他們就會(huì)愿意提前退休。故選B。

3. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題，從第二篇文章中Now lump-of-labourites say that keeping the old at work would deprive(剝奪)the young of employment．現(xiàn)在lump-of-labourites認(rèn)為讓老人繼續(xù)工作會(huì)剝奪了 （剝奪) 年輕人的就業(yè)�？梢哉f(shuō)明他們認(rèn)為老人們應(yīng)該把工作機(jī)會(huì)留給年輕人。故選B。

4. 推理判斷題，從第二篇文章中The idea that society can become better-off by paying more of its citizens to be idle(無(wú)所事事的)is clearly ridiculous．社會(huì)可以變得富裕通過(guò)支付更多的公民將是無(wú)所事事的想法顯然是荒謬的。說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為這種想法是不實(shí)際的。所以作者應(yīng)該對(duì)這種主意是消極的、不支持的。故選A。

考點(diǎn)：考查議論性閱讀文章。