Question

  Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it’s all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷爾蒙催生素) .Although known as the love hormone,it affects the sexes differently.

 “Women tend to be social in their behaviour. They often share with others. But men tend to be competitive. They are trying to improve their social status ,” said Professor Ryan.

 Generally,people believe that the hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions (互動(dòng)) such as falling in love or giving birth.

  But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.

  Further researches showed that in men the hormone oxytocin improves the ability to recognize competitive relationships,but in women it raises the ability to recognize friendship.

  Professor Ryan’s recent experiment used 62 men and women aged 20 to 37.

Half of the participants (參與者) received oxytocin. The other half received placebo (安慰劑).

  After a week,the two groups switched with participants. They went through the same procedure with the other material.

  Following each treatment,they were shown some video pictures with different social interactions. Then they were asked to analyze the relationships by answering some questions. The questions were about telling friendship from competition. And their answers should be based on gestures,body language and facial expressions.

  The results indicated that,after treatment with oxytocin,men’s ability to correctly recognize competitive relationships improved,but in women it was the ability to correctly recognize friendship that got better.

Professor Ryan thus concluded, “Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people’s abilities to better distinguish different social interactions. And the behaviour differences between men and women are caused by biological factors (因素) that are mainly hormonal. ”

(   ) 1. What causes men and women to behave differently according to the text?

   A. Placebo.

   B. Oxytocin.

   C. The gesture.

   D. The social status.

(   ) 2. What can we learn from Professor Ryan’s previous experiment?

   A. Oxytocin affects our behaviour in a different way.

   B. Our body lets out oxytocin when we are deep in love.

   C. Our body produces oxytocin when we feel unhappy about others’ success.

   D. Oxytocin improves our abilities to understand people’s behaviour differences.

(   ) 3. Why did Professor Ryan conduct the recent experi ment?

   A. To test the effect of oxytocin on the ability to recognize social interactions.

   B. To know the differences between friendship and competition.

   C. To know people’s different abilities to answer questions.

   D. To test people’s understanding of body language.

(   ) 4. The author develops the text by _________.

   A. explaining people’s behaviours

   B. describing his own experiences

   C. distinguishing sexual differences

   D. discussing research experiments

Answer 1

[文章大窻]本文是一篇科普類文章。文章通過瑞安教授所做的調(diào)查實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，荷爾蒙催生素能提髙人們更好地辨認(rèn)不同的社會(huì)交往的能力；男女之間行為的差異主要是由荷爾蒙的生物因素引起的。

1. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段的"Women are friendly. But men are more competitive. Why? Researchers have found it's all down to the hormone oxytocin (荷爾蒙催生素) ."可知，男女之間行為表現(xiàn)的不同是由于荷爾蒙催生素引起的。

2. C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段"But in a previous experi?ment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative social interactions such as envy.”可知，在消極情緒的社會(huì)交往中，我們身體也釋放荷爾蒙。

3. A推理判斷題。根據(jù)瑞安教授所做的實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程及最后所得出的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論'"Our experiment proves that the hormone oxytocin can raise people's abilities to better distinguish differ?ent social interactions —"'可知，最近這次實(shí)驗(yàn)是想測試一下荷爾蒙催生素對(duì)辨認(rèn)社交能力的效果，而結(jié)果證實(shí)了荷爾蒙催生素能提高人們的這種能力。

4. D推理判斷題。文章是通過討論所做的不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)而展開的，故選D.