19.Many of the world's countries have reached or are approaching zero population growth (ZPG).Nearly all such lands are economically well developed.They include much of Europe(including Russia),the United States,Canada,Japan.a(chǎn)nd Australia.As the rate of natural increase(RNI)declines,two things happen.First,the population begins to decline if the loss is not balanced by immigration.Second,a country's population ages because there are fewer births.
Is achieving ZPG good or bad?What happens when a country's population begins to drop?Many people,after all,believe that population decline is a good thing.But is it good for everyone?Does everyone agree?
An aging population can create many problems.Senior citizens require more health care and medical attention.Rather than paying into retirement programs,they begin to draw from their pensions.In the US,the Social Security program,according to many experts,will be used up by 2018.It will pay out more money than it takes in.Additionally,a great number of jobs go begging in search of people willing or entry level positions that pay low wages.With an able to do them.Many of these jobs are aging population,who will fill them?At the other extreme,some positions require a large number of training and highly specialized skills.Who will fill these positions as retirees leave the workforce?
The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple:increased migration.
Today many people,particularly those from less developed countries,are migrating in search of employment.Many are willing to take jobs that cannot(or will not) be filled by the domestic population.Others are well educated and highly skilled.Both groups contribute to a country's economy progress in many ways.Further,they add to the richness of a country's culture.Of greatest importance,perhaps,is the fact that they have become absolutely necessary to the economy of many lands.As you can see,for many countries and for most immigrants,migration is a win-win situation.
29.In the writer's view,which of the following statements is TRUE?C
A.Not everyone agrees that achieving ZPG is absolutely good
B.Achieving ZPG is every country's aim in spite of its side effects
C.Achieving ZPG is bad for senior citizens
D.Achieving ZPG is good for employment
30.According to the passage,the best way to solve the problem of declining and aging population isD.
A.to improve the health care system
B.to increase RNI
C.to increase employment
D.to increase migration
31.The main idea of the last paragraph isA.
A.the advantages of increased migration
B.the problem of declining and aging population
C.how to increase migration
D.some ways to enrich a country's culture.
分析 本文講述了一個(gè)人口零增長(zhǎng)的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象.在很多國(guó)家,尤其是一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,人口呈現(xiàn)零增長(zhǎng)或者負(fù)增長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)象.但是這種現(xiàn)象并不是只有好處的,它帶來(lái)的危害也很多.所以移民可以帶來(lái)雙贏的作用.
解答 29-31CDA 32.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.文中第三段說(shuō) An aging population can create many problems.人口老齡化的問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重,人口零增長(zhǎng)會(huì)造成人口老齡化的,所以C選項(xiàng)表述正確,故選C
33.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題.最后一段第一句The answer to the problem of declining and aging population is simple:increased migration.解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題就要增加移民,故選D
34.主旨大意題.文章開(kāi)頭講了人口零增長(zhǎng)或負(fù)增長(zhǎng)的弊端,解決辦法就是增加移民,并且解釋了移民的好處,故選A
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