There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.

The importance of environment in determining an individual's intelligence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an isolated community with poor educational opportunities. Mark was reared in the home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child, sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually. This environmental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were given tests to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities, the twins, having identical brains, would have tested at roughly the same level.

1.A person’s intelligence ________.

A. stays unchanged in a certain environment

B. develops with the change of environment

C. is born at the same level as anyone else’s

D. is affected by the environment as well as the sort of brain he is born with

2.What is meant by “he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.”?

A. He will never fail to develop his intelligence.

B. He won’t become so intelligent as he should.

C. He is able to reach a high level of intelligence.

D. It is impossible for him to develop intelligence.

3.Which of the following statements is true concerning the twins?

A. The sorts of brain they are born with differ greatly.

B. They set up an example for studying the environment.

C. They became orphans once they were born.

D. They were adopted boys.

4.According to the text, the environment in which the twins were reared differs in the following aspects except ________.

A. intelligence level of the parents

B. family economic status

C. the age of their parents

D. community surroundings

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