分析 本文主要講述了全球氣候變暖加速了植物開花的過程,并會(huì)對(duì)食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成長(zhǎng)期破壞性的影響,還會(huì)導(dǎo)致極端的天氣.
科學(xué)家認(rèn)為,預(yù)測(cè)物種應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化的反應(yīng)是生態(tài)學(xué)中所面臨的重要挑戰(zhàn);植物一直是研究的主要對(duì)象,因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)氣候變化的反應(yīng)可能會(huì)影響食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù).在《大自然》網(wǎng)站上發(fā)表的研究是通過對(duì)橫跨四大洲的1634個(gè)物種(植物)的生命周期進(jìn)行的研究和實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:一些實(shí)驗(yàn)已經(jīng)低估了開花速度的8.5倍以及漂浮速度的4倍.所以科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,未來的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)可能需要改進(jìn),以更好地預(yù)測(cè)植物如何應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化.科學(xué)家們還發(fā)現(xiàn):自1900以來,世界平均氣溫上升了約0.8度;自1979年以來,氣溫每10年上升近0.2度,所以為了避免極端天氣帶來的危險(xiǎn),必須在本世紀(jì)防止地球升溫超過2℃.
解答 57.B 主旨大意題 通讀全文可知第一段是文章的中心段.它主要講述了植物開花的速度比科學(xué)家們?cè)诟鶕?jù)氣候變化的反應(yīng)中預(yù)測(cè)到的速度要快,由此會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成長(zhǎng)期破壞性的影響;所以,科學(xué)家們想傳達(dá)的主要信息是:植物開花的速度超出了科學(xué)家的預(yù)期.故選B
58.C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第五段"The design of future experiments may need to be improved…to climate change,it said."未來的實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)可能需要改進(jìn),以更好地預(yù)測(cè)植物將如何應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化"可知,從科學(xué)家在《大自然》網(wǎng)站上發(fā)表的研究得知,科學(xué)家需要改進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì).故選C
59.B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)第三段"They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.他們說,植物一直是研究的主要對(duì)象,因?yàn)樗麄儗?duì)氣候變化的反應(yīng)可能會(huì)影響食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)."和倒數(shù)第三段"Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain…植物是地球上生命所必需的,它們是食物鏈的基礎(chǔ)…"可知,科學(xué)家們專注對(duì)植物的研究的原因是:他們?cè)谑澄镦溨泻苤匾蔬xB
60.D 主旨大意題 A.自1979以來,氣溫已上升了近0.2度. B.氣溫的變化將導(dǎo)致極端天氣. C.1979年的氣溫比1900年高0.8度.D.本世紀(jì)氣溫需要控制在0.2度之內(nèi).根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Scientists believe…nearly 0.2℃every ten years since 1979.科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為,自1900以來,世界平均氣溫上升了約0.8度;自1979年以來,氣溫每10年上升近0.2度,"可知,答案A,C都不正確.如果不能正確地概括出本段的主旨大意,本題很容易錯(cuò)選B,本文主要講述了科學(xué)家的一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn):全球氣候變暖加速了植物開花的過程,會(huì)對(duì)食物鏈和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成長(zhǎng)期破壞性的影響,還會(huì)導(dǎo)致極端的天氣,所以最后一段是概括了本文的主旨大意:為了避免極端天氣帶來的危害,必須在本世紀(jì)防止地球升溫超過2℃.故選D
點(diǎn)評(píng) 閱讀此類稍有難度的短文,首先一定要通讀全文,把握文章的中心思想;其次,針對(duì)后面的題目進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)閱讀,從而做出正確地推理和判斷.
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Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean.This is because they can make impressive movements when they dive.The name"humpback",which is the common name for this whale,refers to the typical curve shape the whale's back forms as it dives. Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement,known as a breach.During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap.A breach might also include a sideways twist with fins stretched out like wings,as the whale reaches the height of the breach. A humpback whale breathes air at the surface of the water through two blowholes which are located near the top of the head.It blows a double stream of water that can rise up to 4meters above the water. The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back.Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins,which may be up to a third of the body length,and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes.These markings are like fingerprints:no two are the same. Humpback whales live in large groups.They communicate with each other through complex"songs". | Quick Facts | |
Size: | 14m~18m in length 30~50tons in weight | |
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