Half of the world’s population is affected by Asian monsoons (季風(fēng)), but monsoons are difficult to predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.

Every year, moist (潮濕的) air masses，known as monsoon，produce large amounts of rainfall in India, East Asia, Northern Australia and East Africa. All this wet air is pulled in by a high pressure area over the Indian Ocean and a low pressure area to the south.

According to Edward Cook, a weather expert at Columbia University in New York, the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of researchers spent more than fifteen years traveling across Asia, looking for trees old enough to provide long-term records. They measured the rings（年輪）, or circles, inside thousands of ancient trees in more than 300 places.

Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers developed a document they are calling a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas. It shows the effect of monsoons over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s.

Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry weather. “If the monsoon basically fails or is a very weak one, the trees affected by monsoons at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the chronology（大事年表） that we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability.” With all this information, researchers say they can begin to improve computer climate models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.

“There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding.” said Eugene Wahl, a scientist with America’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. “So, to get a sense of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science.”

1.What’s the passage mainly about？

A．The effects of Asian monsoons.             B．The necessity of weather forecast.

C．The achievements of Edward cook.          D．A breakthrough in monsoon prediction.

2.It is difficult for experts to predict Asian monsoons because _______.

A．it is hard to keep long-term climate records.

B．they are formed under complex climate systems.

C．they influence many nations.

D．there is heavy rainfall in Asia.

3.What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Long and detailed climate records can offer useful information for monsoon research.

B．The Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas has a monsoon record for about 1,300 years.

C．The trees affected by monsoon grow fast if the monsoon is weak.

D．The rainfall might be low although the monsoon is strong in monsoon-affected areas.

4.According to Professor Cook, the rings of the trees _______.

A．determine the regional climate.

B．have a great influence on the regional climate.

C．offer people information about the regional climate.

D．reflect all kinds of regional climate information.

5.What do we know about the research according to Eugene Wahl?

A．It is a great achievement in climate science.

B．It should include information about human life in the past.

C．It has analysed moisture models world wide,

D．It will help people prevent droughts and floods.

6.Which of the following best describes the tone of this passage?

A．Matter-of –fact    B．Pessimistic         C．Humorous         D．Friendly.

 

【答案】

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.C

5.A

6.A

【解析】

試題分析：本文講述的是在亞洲季風(fēng)預(yù)測(cè)方面取得的一個(gè)巨大的成就。

1.D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句With all this information, researchers say they can begin to improve computer climate models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.可知本文介紹的是在季風(fēng)預(yù)測(cè)方面的所取得的一個(gè)巨大的突破，已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)出預(yù)測(cè)季風(fēng)的計(jì)算機(jī)模型了。故D正確。

2.B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段1,2行According to Edward Cook, a weather expert at Columbia University in New York, the complex nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict.可知復(fù)雜的氣候體系是其難以預(yù)測(cè)的主要原因。故B正確。

3.A 推斷題。根據(jù)第三段2,3行In addition, climate records for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use.可知太短，不夠詳細(xì)的數(shù)據(jù)記錄不利于我們預(yù)測(cè)季風(fēng)，也就是說(shuō)長(zhǎng)期的詳細(xì)的數(shù)據(jù)有利于我們預(yù)測(cè)季風(fēng)。故A正確。

4.C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第五段前5行Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry weather. “If the monsoon basically fails or is a very weak one, the trees affected by monsoons at that location might put on a very narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the chronology（大事年表） that we developed in Asia provide us with a measure of monsoon variability.”可知樹(shù)木的年輪可以告訴我們當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂蜃兓闆r。故C正確。

5.A 推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段1,2行“There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding.” said Eugene Wahl可知這一發(fā)現(xiàn)作用巨大，在氣候科學(xué)方面是一個(gè)巨大的成就。故A正確。

6.A 推理題。本文主要運(yùn)用了擺事實(shí)，講道理的方法來(lái)講述科學(xué)原理，用一種很平和的實(shí)事求是的語(yǔ)調(diào)在講述文章中的原理。故A正確。

考點(diǎn)：考察科普類短文閱讀

點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文講述的是在亞洲季風(fēng)預(yù)測(cè)方面取得的一個(gè)巨大的成就。這篇文章比較難，先看問(wèn)題，再帶著問(wèn)題讀短文，找出各段落的主旨句，理解全文內(nèi)容，總結(jié)全文中心，然后再回到問(wèn)題上來(lái)，很容易選出正確答案。多了解一些常識(shí)性知識(shí)有利于閱讀理解。如果對(duì)文章的相關(guān)背景有所了解，讀起文章一定既省時(shí)又省力。因此，在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中，了解各方面的背景知識(shí)是十分重要的。

 

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