11．People and the sources of air pollution are found in the same places．This means that cities with large populations have the biggest problem of dirty air．Air pollution is caused by many different things．A major source of air pollution is the gas fumes （煙霧） from cars．Statistics show that 93percent of all auto trips are within cities．Another major source of dirty is the burning of coal and oil for energy．This energy is needed to make electricity．Of course，much more electricity is used in the city than in the countryside．
On the average，we throw away more trash and garbage than the year before．The burning of garbage contributes to air pollution．Many major industries are also responsible for the dirty air in the around cities．The fumes from iron，steel，chemical，and petroleum （石油） production add particles （微粒） to the air．
The effects of air pollution range from loss of clear vision，mild headaches to death．Wherever coal and oil are used for fuel，fumes may kill trees and plants and cause metal to corrode （腐蝕）．In some larger cities，these fumes endanger the life of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early deaths．

28．The key point of the passage is thatB．
A．the cause of air pollution is people
B．the causes and the effects of air pollution are both found in cities
C．the effects of air pollution range from headaches to deaths
D．a(chǎn)ir pollution is caused by dirty air
29．What is the purpose of this passage？A．
A．To persuade people to stop polluting the air．
B．To tell the causes of air pollution．
C．To tell why cities have larger populations．
D．To describe why cities are bad places to live．
30．Why is air pollution heavier in the city than in the countryside？D．
A．Because there are more people in cities．
B．Because the air in the city is dirty．
C．Because there are more cars in the city．
D．Because there are much more gas fumes from cars and burning of coal and oil for energy in the city than in the country．
31．In larger cities，the fumes from coal and oil may result inC．
A．heart disease
B．serious headache
C．lung disease
D．loss of clear vision．

分析 本文屬于說(shuō)明文閱讀，作者通過(guò)這篇文章向我們介紹了一些污染產(chǎn)生的原因以及它們所導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果，作者想以此來(lái)提醒我們要保護(hù)環(huán)境．

解答 28．B  主旨大意題．縱觀全文，文章的前半部分講的是導(dǎo)致污染的原因，而后半部分講的是污染的結(jié)果．故選B．
29．A  推理判斷題．文章中沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的．但我們從受污染的結(jié)果可以推斷出寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的就是要我們減少污染．故選A．
30．D  細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段A major source of air pollution is the gas fumes （煙霧） from cars．可知空氣污染的主要原因是汽車(chē)的廢氣和用來(lái)發(fā)電的煤和油的燃燒．而汽車(chē)和電在城市里比在郊區(qū)用得多．故選D．
31．C  細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章最后一句"these fumes endanger the lives of human beings by contributing to lung diseases and causing early death．"可知在大城市里，煤和石油的煙霧可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致肺部的疾病，故選C．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時(shí)不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

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