中考英語聽力測試命題原則與方法

 

黑龍江省綏棱縣克音河中學(xué) 谷俊明

 

[摘要] 本文闡述了中考英語聽力測試命題的原則,并結(jié)合實例介紹命題的方法,以期對各省市中考命題起到指導(dǎo)作用。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 中考英語;命題;原則;方法

 

聽力理解能力應(yīng)是英語教學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容。聽是理解和吸收口頭信息的手段,聽力理解能力是提高口語表達能力的基礎(chǔ)??韋弗(CarI Weaver)曾經(jīng)說過:“聽是交際活動的核心”。和讀一樣,聽是感知技能,是對聽覺器官接收到的信息的感知,這種感知叫做聽覺感知!奥牎痹谟⒄Z的“聽、說、讀、寫”四技能中處于最基礎(chǔ)的地位。“聽”是輸入,是人們學(xué)習(xí)、吸收語言的重要途徑,沒有輸入就沒有輸出。從第二語言習(xí)得規(guī)律方面講,“說”是通過模仿而獲得的言語行為,模仿的渠道就是“聽”。

聽的技能就是通過聽獲取信息、處理信息,并完成相關(guān)任務(wù)。聽力測試,即對聽的技能的評價手段,主要檢測考生理解口頭英語的能力,對特定情景中的對話或獨白的整體輸入和理解。對于某些聽力試題,考生無法直接從對話或獨白中捕捉現(xiàn)成的答案,要求考生經(jīng)過對所聽到的信息進行處理后才能得到正確答案。

 

一、設(shè)計聽力測試題應(yīng)遵循的幾個原則

1.題型要根據(jù)測試目的來確定,主觀題型與客觀題型相結(jié)合。

試題詳情

2.原文最好是口語材料,要反映交際功能,涉及詞匯應(yīng)是口語涉及的高頻詞匯。

試題詳情

3.原文要適合考生的年齡特點和生活實際。

試題詳情

5.要確保聽力題必須通過聽作答,通過讀題可作答的題沒有意義。

試題詳情

7、不設(shè)置語法錯誤的選項,以免混淆考查重點。

試題詳情

二、聽力測試題型及命題辦法

我這里所說的“應(yīng)答”有兩個含義:1. 對所聽到的某個情景的陳述做出反應(yīng),例1“道歉和應(yīng)答”“邀請和應(yīng)答”;2. 對所聽到的某一問題而做回答。本題型要求考生理解原文語句的語義及功能。命題時應(yīng)按照課標中的功能意念項目表選材

 

第二類 聽對話

(一)聽短對話

短對話可以是一問一答,也可以問題兩三個輪次,但不要過長。針對每一段短對話設(shè)置一個問題,考查細節(jié)信息或考查考生理解談話雙方的身份、關(guān)系、態(tài)度、意圖等?梢栽O(shè)置選擇題,也可以設(shè)置非選擇題。最好由男女聲錄音,問題由第三個人提出,同時錄在磁帶上。為降低難度,也可以將問題印制在試卷上。

試題詳情

1、 聽短對話選擇正確答案

2、聽短對話回答問題

3、聽短對話及問題選擇正確答案

4、聽短對話及問題選擇正確圖畫(如我省中考英語聽力第一題)

【例】

原文:    W: (Excuse me, sir.) Where is the nearest bookshop, please?

M: Sorry, I don’t know. (Er…I think you can ask the policeman over there.)

W: Thank you all the same.

(添加括號中的語句更好些,在實際生活交談時,經(jīng)常使用零碎語, 如er,mm,hm, ah, well等)

Q: Where does the woman want to go?

書面選項:(選擇式)  (文字) A. The book shop.      B. The food shop.   C. The bus shop.

                    (圖片) A. 書店     B. 食品商店    C.  公共汽車站

          (非選擇式)     _________________. (The nearest bookshop)

(二)聽長對話

長對話分為兩人對話或多人對話,為方便錄音,多采用兩人對話。長對話自然是多個問答輪次。設(shè)置的問題一般包括談話人之間的關(guān)系、事件、原因、結(jié)果、態(tài)度、情感、贊同、反對等,可以設(shè)置兩個或多個題目。

1、聽對話選擇正確答案(問題在試卷上)     

2、聽對話及問題選擇正確答案(問題在錄音中)

【例】

原文:

W: Are you going to the cinema tonight? I hear there is an American film.

M: I’d like to. I happen to be free this evening. What’s the film about?

W: It’s about “How black people were brought to America from Africa”. I remember the name now. It’s “Roots”.

M: Oh!It’s a world famous story written by William Hadley. I’ve heard about it, but I’ve never read it.

W: My mother has bought two tickets already. Let’s go together.

M: Thank you, then when shall we meet?

W: The film starts at six forty-five. I’11 wait for you at No.3 bus stop at six o’clock. Don’t be late.

M: OK. See you later.

W: See you later.

Questions:

試題詳情

1. What wiIl the boy and the girl do this evening

試題詳情

2. When wiIl they meet at the bus stop?

試題詳情

3. Who bought the tickets?

   

書面選項:

試題詳情

1. A. See a film. (比They will see a film.更簡潔)

B. Go for a walk.

C. Read a book.

試題詳情

2. A. At 6:45.

試題詳情

B: At 6:00. (原文信息詞At six.用阿拉伯數(shù)字體現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換)

C. At 6:30.

試題詳情

3. A. The boy.

B. The girl.

C. The girl’s mother.

3、聽對話連線(我省中考英語聽力B)

【例】

原文:

Ms Liu: What are you doing in Beijing, Tim?

Tim: I’m studying Chinese at Beijing University.

Ms Liu: That’s a good university. Do you think it’s hard?

Tim: A little. I have homework every day, and there are so many tests!

Ms Liu: Well, keep studying, and you’ll get on well with your studies. .

Tim: I’m sure I will.

Ms Liu: By the way, are you parents with you here?

Tim: No, I’m alone here. What do you do for a living, Ms Liu?

Ms Liu: I work in a bank.

Tim: That sounds interesting.

Ms Liu: Sometimes it is, but it’s also hard work. We’re always very busy.

Tim: I know how you feel. So, do you take long vacations?

Ms Liu: Not really. The bank needs us to work all year. Of course, we can take vacations, but only for a few days or a week.

書面題目:

試題詳情

1. Tim                              A. is working at Beijing University.

試題詳情

2. Ms Liu                            B. isn’t in Beijing.

試題詳情

3. Tim’s father                   C. works in a bank.

試題詳情

4. Tim has                  D. is a student of Beijing University.

                             E. only a little work to do.

                                          F. lots of homework and many tests.

Key:1-4 DCBF

    這種題的缺點是,有的選項靠語法或搭配便可排除。

4、聽對話或短文在表格或圖表中填入正確的信息(如我省中考英語聽力D題)

原文:

A: Hello, who’s that speaking?

B: Hello, this is Mike. May I speak to Mary, please?

A: I’m sorry she is not in. she went to the shop just now.

B: I ’m sorry to hear that.

A: This is Jack speaking. Can I take a message for you?

B: Yes, please. When she comes back, tell her to ring back at about 5:30 this afternoon. I’m waiting for her call. I have bought two tickets for the film this evening. Please tell her not to buy any more.

A: What is your telephone number, please?

試題詳情

B: My number is 5878320. Thank you for your help.

A: You are welcome. Bye!

B: Goodbye!

試題:

 

TELEPHONE MESSAGE

From: (1)_______        To: _______

Date: March 23          Time: 10:30

Message: (3)_______ (4)_______ to him at about (5)______ in the (6)_______. Don’t buy any more (7)_______. His phone number is (8)_______.

 

試題詳情

Key: 1. Mike 2. Mary 3. Ring   4. back  

試題詳情

My name is Li Hua. I’m 25 years old. I live at 128 Qingbin Road, Nangang District in Harbin. My telephone number is 86308321. I like listening to music and reading in my free time. I’m free on Saturdays and Sundays. I graduated from Heilongjiang University. I’m very good at English. I’d like to be an English teacher in a middle school. I’m sure that I can teach English well.

試題:

APPLICATION FORM(申請表)

Job: (1)__________

Name: Li Hua

Age: (2)__________

Address: (3)__________ Qingbin Road, Nangang District in Harbin

Telephone: (4)__________

Interests: (5)__________ and reading

 

試題詳情

Key: 1. Teacher 2. 25/Twenty-five 3. 128 4. 86308321 5. Music

 

聽力試題的原文選材來源于生活,體現(xiàn)生活,和我們?nèi)粘I钣忻芮新?lián)系,最好能體現(xiàn)中西方文化差異與交融。具體涉及到的有:問路,購物,助人,詢問時間,問候,新聞,約會,打電話等功能項目。話題內(nèi)容為英語課程標準中規(guī)定的話題。朗讀速度約為每分鐘100個單詞左右。

 

參考文獻

試題詳情

陳琳,王薔,程曉堂. 2003. 英語課程標準解讀 [M]. 北京:北京師范大學(xué)出版社.

教育部. 中考命題指導(dǎo)?英語 [M]. 南京:江蘇教育出版社.

試題詳情

呂良環(huán). 2003. 外語課程與教學(xué)論 [M]. 杭州:浙江教育出版社.

試題詳情

武尊民. 2002. 英語測試的理論與實踐 [M]. 北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社.

試題詳情

楊鐘琳. 1992. 英語測試的原則與方法 [M]. 杭州:杭州大學(xué)出版社.

試題詳情

中國教育學(xué)會外語教學(xué)專業(yè)委員會. 2004. 習(xí)思五級評價標準 [M]. 長春:吉林教育出版社.

 

試題詳情


同步練習(xí)冊答案