科目 英語(yǔ)
年級(jí) 高三
文件 high3 unit14.doc
標(biāo)題 Roots (根)
章節(jié) 第十四單元
關(guān)鍵詞 高三英語(yǔ)第十四單元
內(nèi)容
一、教法建議
【拋磚引玉】
在本單元，同學(xué)們通過(guò)閱讀課文“Journey into the unknown”和“Roots”，可以了解18 ? 19世紀(jì)白人捕捉和販運(yùn)黑人作奴隸及虐待他們的罪惡歷史。
About “Roots”
“Roots” is a well-known novel written by an American author ― Alex Haley , which was a best seller in the USA in the 1970s . “Roots ”is mainly about Haley’s family history , which covers seven generations’ history . In order to find out how his ancestors got to America , Haley did a lot of research and traveled around the USA and Africa looking for information about his ancestors . At last , in Gambia he got to find his roots ― Kunta and a group of the blacks who were caught and sold to America as slaves about 200 years ago .
The novel also describes what his ancestors suffered from during the journey to the USA . “Roots” was published in 1976 and Haley won the Pulitzer Prize in 1977 . Also he became world-famous .
單元雙基學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)
Ⅰ. 詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
四會(huì)單詞和詞組：reason (v .) , roll over , give out
三會(huì)單詞和詞組：in chains , daylight , from generation to generation , worthwhile
Ⅱ. 交際英語(yǔ)
expressing wishes , hope and desire
1. I wish to do … / I am going to do …
2. I want / hope / would like to … ; I intend / mean / plan to do …
3. I would do it if I had the chance .
4. If only I could do …
5. I wish I could do …/ I wish I had …/ I wish I were …
6. I wish you every success .
7. Good luck !
8. I feel like doing sth
9. I’m ready to do …
10. I would rather not tell you .
11. I have been looking forward to doing …
12. I’ve always dreamed of …
13. So do I .
Ⅲ. 語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)
在本單元，同學(xué)們將對(duì)it的用法作以系統(tǒng)歸納，并具體理解高考中對(duì)it的測(cè)試熱點(diǎn)。
【指點(diǎn)迷津】
單元重點(diǎn)詞匯點(diǎn)撥
1. reason vi . 評(píng)理；勸說(shuō)；推斷為；說(shuō)服
I reasoned that he was lying . 我斷定他在撒謊。
〖點(diǎn)撥〗reason sb into doing = persuade sb into doing = persuade sb to do說(shuō)服某人干……。reason sb out of說(shuō)服某人不干……。
另外要注意當(dāng)reason作名詞時(shí)常用于：The reason (why) … is that …。the reason for sth和 the reason to do sth是“……的理由�！�
The reason (why) he got ill was that he didn’t pay attention to his health .
The reason why we don’t trust him is that he has often lied .
2. worthwhile值得的 ；值得花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢的
She was offered a worthwhile job .
〖點(diǎn)撥〗It is worthwhile + to do (或者 ?ing ) 。如：It’s worthwhile visiting the museum . = It is worthwhile to visit the museum .
注意下面的“值得”表達(dá)：be worth doing ; be worthy of being done = be worthy to be done 。
如：The article is worthy of careful study . = The article is worthy of being studied carefully . = The article is worthy to be studied carefully . = The article is worth studying .
單元詞組思維運(yùn)用
1. roll over翻滾
The boys rolled over on the snow . How fun it was !
2. give out分發(fā)
All the new textbooks have been given out .
注意：give out還作“發(fā)出，放出；發(fā)表；精疲力竭；耗盡”。如：
The news was given out this morning .
The teacher’s patience at last gave out .
His strength gave out soon .
3. be born a free man生來(lái)是一個(gè)自由人
4．be in chains戴著鐐銬
put sb in chains給某人戴上手銬腳鐐
5. be fixed to被固定到……
Will you please make sure the button has been fixed to the board ?
6. be in pain疼痛
7. cry softly to oneself獨(dú)自輕聲哭泣
8. be hit on the head被擊在頭部
When the thief tried to escape , a woman hit him on the head behind him .
9. reason with sb與某人理論
10. What was to become of them all ? = What would happen to them all ?
11. Worst was to come . 更糟糕的事要發(fā)生。
12. run the length of the ship從船的這一頭延伸到另一頭
13. fall sick with fever因發(fā)燒而病到
14. cry out for sth叫喊要某物；哭著要；懇求
Don’t take any notice of Johnny ; he cries out for nothing .
注意：cry out against大聲疾呼反對(duì)。cry out大聲呼喊。如：
The woman in the water cried out “Help !”
The people cried out against the unfair decision of the court .
15. once in a while偶爾，有時(shí)候
We go for a picnic in the park once in a while .
Once in a while the dog would run away , but usually he stayed in the yard .
16. open wide開(kāi)大，睜大
What’s wrong with you ? First , Open you mouth wide , please . Let me take a look at your tongue and throat .
17. in daylight在陽(yáng)光中
注意：at daylight黎明時(shí)。before daylight黎明前。
18. chain / tie sb up = put sb in chains把某人銬起來(lái)
19. on one’s arrival某人一到達(dá)
On his arrival he set about correcting the compositions .
20. make copies of抄寫
21. pass down傳下來(lái)；傳送；傳遞；遺傳
The skill has been passed down over four generations .
22. from generation to generation一代一代地
注意：from one generation to another = generation after generation = from generation to generation
23. go back over centuries追溯幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以前
24. come to a sad part講述一段傷心的事情
25. play the role of扮演……的角色
He is good at playing the part of Maozedong
二、學(xué)海導(dǎo)航
【學(xué)法指要】
單元難點(diǎn)疑點(diǎn)思路明晰
1. Born a free man，he was now in chains . 他生來(lái)就是個(gè)自由人，現(xiàn)在卻戴上了鐐銬。
〖明晰〗(1) Born a free man為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。完整句子為：Although he was born a free man . 再如：Beaten black and blue，he didn't go down on his knees . 雖然被打得遍體鱗傷，他仍不屈膝投降。
(2) in chains / irons 戴著鐐銬；在囚禁中。如：
He was in chains and disgrace . 他被囚而受辱。
All the murderers in chains will soon be sentenced to death . 所有戴著鐐銬的兇手很快就要被判處死刑。
已學(xué)過(guò)的由“in ＋ 名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”的介詞短語(yǔ)如：
in pairs 成雙地 / in circles 圍成圓圈形 / in tears 哭著
One man had a head wound and was in pain . 一個(gè)人頭部受傷，非常疼痛。
had a head wound＝be wounded in the head
in pain 疼痛難忍。已學(xué)過(guò)的由“ in ＋ 名詞的單數(shù)”的介詞短語(yǔ)， 如： in public公開(kāi)地 /in silence無(wú)聲地 / in battle 在戰(zhàn)斗中…
2. What was to become of them all，he wondered .他感到納悶，他們的下場(chǎng)將會(huì)怎樣呢？
〖明晰〗(1) become of (人或事物的)結(jié)果是；使遭遇。如：What will become of her now that her husband has died ? 她丈夫一死，真不知她的遭遇將如何。
What has become of the book I put here yesterday ?我昨天放在這兒的書(shū)哪去啦？
(2) he wondered 置于句尾作插入語(yǔ)，意思是“他想知道”。
3. Worse was to come.更糟的事就要發(fā)生了。
〖明晰〗worse adj. (bad的比較級(jí))更壞的、更差的、更惡化的。常用句式有：to make the matter worse (＝and what is worse 或worse than all更糟的是。worse在本課作名詞“更壞的事”，如：I have worse to tell. 我還有更壞的事要說(shuō)。 Worse cannot happen.事情不可能更壞了。
4. They had rough weather, and Kunta's back bled from rolling over on the hard wooden boards . 途中天氣非常惡劣，由于在硬木板上滾來(lái)滾去，昆塔的背流出了血。
〖明晰〗(1) bled 是動(dòng)詞bleed(流血)的過(guò)去式。如：His wound bled freely.他的傷口大量出血。/ He is bleeding like crazy from the stomach.她腹部流血不止。
(2) roll over從(邊)上滾下；翻轉(zhuǎn)；滾翻。如：
The policeman rolled the body over to look for the missing gun . 警察把尸體翻過(guò)來(lái)尋找失蹤的手槍。
I had to hear Beethoven before I could ask him to roll over . 我得先聽(tīng)一下貝多芬曲，才能請(qǐng)他把唱片翻過(guò)來(lái)。
5. The moment he reached the country , he started his search . 他一到那個(gè)國(guó) 家，就開(kāi)始尋找。
〖明晰〗the moment (instant , hour , time , minute) 以及directly, immediately, 都可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，譯作“一……就”，相當(dāng)于as soon as.
如：(SEFC B2 L59) The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise . 那少女一聽(tīng)到響聲，就沖進(jìn)房間里。
6. All the stories of families, heroes, wars and journeys are passed down from generation to generation . 所有家族、英雄、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)以及旅行的故事都是一代代地傳下來(lái)的。
〖明晰〗(1) pass down＝hand down流傳；遺傳；傳遞。如：
The special technique has been passed down over four generations . 那種技術(shù)已傳了四代。
(SEFC B3 L10) customs and memories were handed down by the elders of the race . 傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗以及記憶中的人和物，被這個(gè)種族的年長(zhǎng)者傳了下來(lái)。
In poor families , clothes may be passed down from one child to the next . 在窮苦人家，一個(gè)小孩穿過(guò)的衣服會(huì)留給另一個(gè)年齡小的穿。
(2) from generation to generation 一代一代，世世代代(＝generation after generation.)
7. A few people in each group are given the task of remembering the group's family history that goes back over centuries . 每一個(gè)部落中有幾個(gè)人，他們的任務(wù)是記住這個(gè)部落追溯到幾百年前的家族史。
〖明晰〗(1) go back to (＝date from, trace back to )；追溯，返回到。如：
His family goes back to the time of Norman Conquest . 他的家族可追溯至諾曼底人征服英國(guó)的時(shí)代。
She found her pocketbook when she went back to the store . 她回到店里找到了她的錢包。
(2) over centuries 在幾百年中。over可表“在……期間；到……過(guò)完”。 如：(SEFC B3 L27) They had been built over period of six centuries up until 1431 . 他們都是在1431年以前長(zhǎng)達(dá)六個(gè)世紀(jì)期間建成的。
over several decades 在幾十年中 / stay over Sunday呆過(guò)星期天 / work over night 通宵工作。
8. seize , take , grasp , arrest
〖明晰〗(1) seize“抓住”有猛然抓住并不脫手之意。如：
The policeman seized the thief by the collar. 那個(gè)警察抓著小偷的衣領(lǐng)不放。
(2) take“抓住”，屬一般用語(yǔ)。如：
He took his girl friend by the arm. 他抓著女友的胳膊。
(3) grasp“抓住，抓緊；抱住；理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)”。如：
Grasp the rope and I'll pull you up. 抓住繩子，我就拉你上來(lái)。
I didn't quite grasp your meaning. 我不太理解你的意思。
(4) arrest 側(cè)重于“逮捕；扣留；防止。”如：
He was arrested in suspicion of having murdered the girl . 他因有謀害少女的嫌疑而被捕。
This newly developed drug has arrested his cancer . 這種新藥已控制住了他的癌癥。
9 . make up one's mind, decide, determine
〖明晰〗(1) make up one's mind“決心；認(rèn)定”，后接不定式或that從句，mind隨人稱而變化。如：
We've made up our minds to devote our lives to serving the people heart and soul . 我們決心把全部生命用于全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。
The crop is ruined, so we must make up our minds to that . 莊稼損壞了，我們必須承認(rèn)那個(gè)事實(shí)。
(2) decide 指經(jīng)過(guò)考慮或討論研究作出決定，后接不定式，介詞on / upon或從句。 如：
He decided on taking the position at the bank.＝He decided to take the position at the bank . 他決定擔(dān)任很行的職務(wù)。
(3) determine“決心、堅(jiān)決”，側(cè)重表示決心已下定,任何力量都動(dòng)搖不了這種決心。 其后常接不定式， 也可接 on / upon + ing 。 如：
His mother has determined to give him a chance . 他母親決心給他一次機(jī)會(huì)。
10. give out , give away , give back , give forth , give in , give off , give over , give up
〖明晰〗(1) give out 放出、發(fā)生；宣稱，公布，發(fā)表；分配，分發(fā)；用完，耗盡； 精疲力竭。如：
The teacher's patience at last gave out . 老師終于失去了耐心。
His strength gave out . 他筋疲力盡。
(2) give away 贈(zèng)送；出賣；泄露 / give back 歸還；返射 / give forth 放出， 發(fā)出(聲音，氣味等)；發(fā)表，公布give in投降；屈服，讓步；交上 / give off 發(fā)出 (蒸氣、光、煙等)/give over 移交，交托 / give up 讓給；放棄，拋棄。
11. familiar to , familiar with
〖明晰〗(1) familiar to＝well known to sb“為人所熟知”，其中to為介詞，to 后常跟 人。如：
I've been away a long time, and that name is not familiar to me . 我出外很久了，這名字我不熟悉。
(2)familiar with＝well acquainted with“精通、熟知、通曉”。be familiar with的主語(yǔ)一定是人，with后的賓語(yǔ)可人、可物。如：He is familiar with Shakespeare . 他精通莎士比亞的作品。
I am not very familiar with botanical names . 我對(duì)植物學(xué)上的名稱不太熟悉。
12 . what kind of doctor 與 what kind of a doctor
〖明晰〗(1)“what kind / sort of”是問(wèn)類別，所以：What kind of doctor is he ? 他是 哪科的醫(yī)生?
(2)“what kind / sort of a (an)”是問(wèn)程度、性質(zhì)等具體情況。所以：what kind of a doctor is he ? 他是怎么樣的醫(yī)生?(含醫(yī)術(shù)是否高明，待人處事的能力等)
【妙文賞析】
The Capital of the United States
When George Washington became the first President of the United States , there was no permanent (永久的) capital . During the Revolutionary War seven different cities had served as the national capital . In addition , the members of Congress (議會(huì)) could not agree to where this permanent capital should be located (位于) .Some officials wanted it in the North , others wanted it in the South . Each of the states hoped that the capital might be set up within its own state lines .
At last it was decided that the capital should occupy (占有) a section by itself , separate from any of the states . The place chosen was situated on the Potomac River . The land then belonged to the state of Maryland , but Maryland agreed to give it to the national government . The section was named the District of Columbia, after Christopher Columbus . The city itself was named Washington , after George Washington .
Work was begun on the new capital in 1791 . In the year 1800 Congress occupied the new Capital Building . The White House Was opened at the same time as the home of all future presidents .
1 . There was no permanent capital in the United States when George Washington became the first President of the United States because ______ .
A . people didn't like the new government
B . there was not enough money to build the capital
C . American people were too busy fighting to think of the problem of building the capital
D . people had a disagreement about the location of the capital
2 . Which of the following is implied (暗示的) but not stated in the passage ?
A . George Washington's office was perhaps not in the White House .
B . Seven cities used to be the capital of the United States .
C . The North and the South couldn't agree with each other on the problem of the capital .
D . George Washington was the first president of the United States .
3 . The Potomac River _______ .
A . is the longest river in its country
B . separates the capital from the state of Maryland
C . flows through the state of Maryland
D . was given to the national government by Maryland
4 . Which of the following is not true according to the passage ?
A . The White House has a history of about 200 years .
B . The District of Columbia belongs to none of the states .
C . Congress occupied the new Capital Building until 1800 .
D . The White House is a place where American presidents live and work except George Washington .
答案：1. D 2. A 3. C 4. C
【思維體操】
常見(jiàn)閱讀理解題的解題技巧
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，閱讀理解的題型設(shè)置大致可分為六種類型：事實(shí)詢問(wèn)、推理判斷、數(shù)據(jù)推算、識(shí)圖解意、主旨大意、規(guī)律常識(shí)。做好這六種題型，需要掌握一定的方法和技巧。
四、識(shí)圖解意題
1. It + be + 時(shí)間 + since-clause
這個(gè)句型表示從since 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生以后到現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去所經(jīng)過(guò)的一段時(shí)間，意為“自從......以來(lái)已多久了”，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，如果表示過(guò)去的情況，主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，或主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：
It is three years since his father passed away . (從現(xiàn)在算起)
It was 10 years since they married . (從過(guò)去算起)
It had been fifteen years since she left Shanghai . (從過(guò)去算起)
30 years has passed since we joined the Party . (從現(xiàn)在算起)
2. It + be + 時(shí)間 + before-clause
這個(gè)句型中的時(shí)間一般為表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)(如：long years , months , weeks , days ,hours , minutes ) ，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定式，意為“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才......”。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是否定式時(shí)，意為“沒(méi)過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就......”。主句的時(shí)態(tài)可用過(guò)去時(shí)was或?qū)?lái)時(shí)will be；用was 時(shí)，before從句的動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；用will be 時(shí)，before從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 例如：
It was not long before she learned those poems by heart . 她沒(méi)過(guò)多久就背會(huì)了那些詩(shī)歌。
It was long before the police arrived .過(guò)了很久警察才來(lái)。
It will be hours before he makes a decision . 要過(guò)好幾個(gè)小時(shí)他才會(huì)作出決定。
It will not be hours before meet again . 要不了幾個(gè)小時(shí)我們還會(huì)再見(jiàn)面的。
3. It + be + 時(shí)間 + when-clause
這個(gè)句型中, it 指時(shí)間，而且表示時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)前沒(méi)有介詞(時(shí)間一般為具體時(shí)間)。主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)上一般是一致的，主句是will be，when從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。例如：
It was already 8 o'clock when we got home .
It was the next morning when we finished our work .
It will be midnight when they get there .
4. It + be + 時(shí)間 + that-clause
這個(gè)句型是個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。例如：
It was two years ago that he made an important invention .
(原句是：He made an important invention two years ago . )
It was at 5 o'clock that he practised playing the violin in the morning .
(原句是：He practised playing the violin at 5 o'clock in the morning . )
比較：It was 5 o'clock when he started in the morning .
(5 o'clock前沒(méi)有介詞，這是個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句)
5. It + be + time + that-clause
這個(gè)句型屬虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，不管主句中用的是 is 或 was ，that從句都須用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式或should + 動(dòng)詞原型(但不及用過(guò)去式普通)，在time之前有時(shí)可加上high或about 以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。例如：
It is time(that)we handed in our exercises .(= It is time that we should hand in our exercises .)
It is high time (that ) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend .
6. It / This / That + the first(second , third …) time + that-clause
這個(gè)句型表示截止到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的某人的一種經(jīng)歷，關(guān)鍵是注意time前有序數(shù)詞，主句是 is 時(shí) ，從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；如果主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)was ，則從句須相應(yīng)地用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：
This is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall .
It was the fifth time (that) I had paid a friendly visit to Africa .
二、It代替從句作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型
1. it 代替連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的從句作形式主語(yǔ)。
1) it + be + 過(guò)去分詞 + that 從句
It's said that Tom has come back from abroad . 據(jù)說(shuō)湯姆已經(jīng)從國(guó)外回來(lái)了。
It was reported that dozens of children died in the accident . 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)，數(shù)十名兒童在事故中死亡。
可用于該句型的過(guò)去分詞還有：known , thought , told , believed , hoped , announced ,expected , decided , suggested等，該句型常可以轉(zhuǎn)換成含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句或者含有不定式作主補(bǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句。如：
It's said that Tom has come back from abroad . →People say that Tom has come back from abroad . →He is said to have come back from abroad .
2) It + be + 名詞詞組 + that 從句
It's a pity that he can't swim for his age . 真遺憾，就他的年齡來(lái)講，他竟不會(huì)游泳。
It's a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time . 真奇怪，你竟能在如此短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成艱巨的任務(wù)。
可用于該句型的名詞詞組還有：an honour , a good thing , a fact , a surprise , good news等。
3) It + be /seem + 形容詞 + that 從句
It is likely that they will beat us tonight .今晚很可能他們會(huì)贏我們。
It doesn't seem that she will give us a hand .她幫我們的可能性似乎不太大。
可用于此句型的開(kāi)容詞還有；wonderful , true , good , right , wrong , (un)important ,useless , surprising , clear , possible , unusual , lucky , certain 等。
4) It + seem / appear / happen + that 從句
It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much .看來(lái)他非常喜歡流行歌曲。
It appears that Tom might change his mind .看來(lái)湯姆會(huì)改變主意。
It happened that I went out that day .碰巧我那天外出了。
注意，句型4可轉(zhuǎn)換成含不定式的簡(jiǎn)單句。如上述句子可轉(zhuǎn)換為：
He seems to enjoy pop music very much . / Tom appears to change his mind ./ I happened to go out that day.
2. it 代替連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句作形式主語(yǔ)。
1) It is known (not decided , not made clear , found out , discussed , being discussed , being considered , a question , uncertain等) + 連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。
It is still a question when we shall have our sports meet . 我們將什么時(shí)候舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
It is uncertain whether he can attend this conference or not . 他能否來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)還不能確定。
2) It doesn't matter(doesn't matter too much , doesn't make too much difference等) + 連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句。如：
It doesn't matter whether we go together or separately . 我們一起去還是分開(kāi)去都可以。
It doesn't matter too much to me what you do or where you go . 你做什么或去什么地方，對(duì)我都無(wú)關(guān)緊要。
【動(dòng)腦動(dòng)手】
單元能力立體檢測(cè)
一、It 與高考題
1. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but didn't help .
A. he B. which C. she D. it
〖答案與簡(jiǎn)析〗選D。測(cè)試 it 用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過(guò)的事物。又如：
1）― The light in the office is still on.
― Oh , I forgot .
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
2）― Have you heard the news about Tom ?
― No , what ?
A. is it B. it is C. are they D. they are
3）If you don't know the word , why don't you in the dictionary ?
A. look at it B. look after it C. look up it D. look it up
答案1）― 3）CAD。值得注意的是，由動(dòng)詞和副詞組成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用it 作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，it 應(yīng)置于動(dòng)詞和副詞之間。
2. Is necessary to tell his father everything ?
A. it B. that C. what D. he
〖答案與簡(jiǎn)析〗選A。測(cè)試 it 用作形式主語(yǔ)，代替由不定式（或不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)）、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正主語(yǔ)。又如：
1）Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship ?
A. now B. man C. that D. it
2）Is necessary to complete the design before National Day ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
3）Does matter if he can't finish the job on time ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
4）It worried a bit her hair was turning grey .
A. while B. that C. if D. for
答案1） ― 4）DDDB。
3. I don't think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work .
A. this B. that C. its D. it
〖答案與簡(jiǎn)析〗選D。測(cè)試 it 用作形式賓語(yǔ)，代替由不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句表示的真正賓語(yǔ)。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)有自己的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)放在補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后。常用這種句型的動(dòng)詞有think , make , find , feel , consider 等。
4. Was it in this palace the last emperor died ?
A. that B. in which C. in where D. which
〖答案與簡(jiǎn)析〗選A。測(cè)試it 用在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一成分（通常是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)），常用強(qiáng)調(diào)It is (was) + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分 + that(或who）…。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人時(shí)用 that 或 who ，在其它情況下（包括強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）用that 。又如：
1）Was it during the Second World War he died ? (MET 88）
A. that B. which C. in which D. then
2) It was not she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famous film star .
A. when ; that B. Until ; that C. until ; when D. when ; then
答案 1) A 2) B。
5. But was only the manager . (MET 91完型填空)
A. this B. that C. she D. it
〖答案與簡(jiǎn)析〗選D。測(cè)試 it 可以用作指示代詞，指人。當(dāng) it 這樣用時(shí)，所指的是心目中己知的或上下文中的人或事物，也可用來(lái)指嬰兒。
6. ― What was the party like ?
― Wonderful . It's years I enjoyed myself so much .
A. after B. before C. where D. since
〖答案與簡(jiǎn)析〗選D。測(cè)試it 用在某固定短語(yǔ)或句型中。如believe it or not (信不信由你）, take it easy (別著急，慢慢來(lái)）， it is (has been )…since…(某人干某事經(jīng)過(guò)了多長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間），It seems that …(好象)，It happens that …(碰巧) ，It looks as if … （好象），It is one's turn to do …(該輪到誰(shuí)干……) 等。又如：
Take it . Everything will be fine in a day or two .
A. easy B. quiet C. calm D. light
答案是A 。
7. It was Shanghai the Communist Party of China was founded .
A. where B. that C. at which D. that where
〖答案與簡(jiǎn)析〗選A。測(cè)試強(qiáng)調(diào)句與定語(yǔ)從句不能混淆，這里是定語(yǔ)從句。若把Shanghai 的前面加上介詞 in 時(shí)，就是強(qiáng)調(diào) 地點(diǎn)，這時(shí)就可以選 B。
二、It 精練 40 題
1. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but didn't help .
A. he B. which C. she D. it
2. I was disappointed with the film , I had expected to be much better .
A. that B. this C. one D. it
3. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language .
A. There B. This C. That D. It
4. As happens , I have brought my umbrella with me .
A. it B. this C. that D. such
5. has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules .
A. As B. It D. That D. This
6. It was seven forty-five he finished the work .
A. when B. that C. when D. before
7. I have no idea is so far the airport from here .
A. what B. how C. it D. that
8. Was it because it snowed last night he didn't come ?
A. why B. that C. when D. which
9. Does matter if he can't finish the job on time ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
10. Is unnecessary to tell his father everything ?
A. that B. it C. he D. this
11. European football is played in 80 countries , making the most popular sport in the world .
A. which B. this C. that D. it
12. We are going to hold a meeting tomorrow afternoon . Please tell Mr Wang about .
A. this B. that C. it D. the meeting
13. ― Who is knocking at the door ?
― is me .
A. It B. That C. This D. where
14. ― What time is it now ?
― is ten o'clock .
A. The time B. The o'clock C. It D. That
15. I have seen the baby . is very active and lovely .
A. He B. She C. Who D. It
16. He was ill . is why he didn't come to the meeting .
A. It B. This C. That D. There
17. is good news that she has passed the entrance examination for Beijing University .
A. That B. This C. What D. It
18. is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment .
A. It B. This C. That D. There
19. Look , someone is coming . Who can be ?
A. he B. she C. that man D. it
20. I find difficult him to do such work .
A. it ; of B. it ; for C. that ; of D. that ; for
21. My pen is lost and I can't find anywhere , so I must buy .
A. it ; one B. one ; it C. it ; it D. one ; one
22. We think useless theory without practice .
A. it ; learning B. it ; learn C. that ; learning D. that ; to learn
23. It is not you who in trouble ; it is I who in trouble .
A. are ; am B. are ; is C. are ; are D. is ; is
24. She is already 50 , but she doesn't look .
A. like B. this C. it D. such
25. I don't know what was for supper .
A. it B. there C. that D. food
26. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder , but didn't help .
A. he B. which C. she D. it
27. ― The light in the office is still on.
― Oh , I forgot .
A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
28. ― Have you heard the news about Tom ?
― No , what ?
A. is it B. it is C. are they D. they are
29. If you don't know the word , why don't you in the dictionary ?
A. look at it B. look after it C. look up it D. look it up
30. Is necessary to tell his father everything ?
A. it B. that C. what D. he
31. Is possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship ?
A. now B. man C. that D. it
32. Is necessary to complete the design before National Day ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
33. Does matter if he can't finish the job on time ?
A. this B. that C. he D. it
34. It worried a bit her hair was turning grey .
A. while B. that C. if D. for
35. I don't think possible to master a foreign language without much memory work .
A. this B. that C. its D. it
36. Was it in this palace the last emperor died ?
A. that B. in which C. in where D. which
37. Was it during the Second World War he died ?
A. that B. which C. in which D. then
38. It was not she took off her dark glasses I realized she was a famous film star .
A. when ; that B. Until ; that C. until ; when D. when ; then
39. But was only the manager . (MET 91完型填空)
A. this B. that C. she D. it
40. ― What was the party like ?
― Wonderful . It's years I enjoyed myself so much .
A. after B. before C. where D. since
41. Take it . Everything will be fine in a day or two .
A. easy B. quiet C. calm D. light
42. It was Shanghai the Communist Party of China was founded .
A. where B. that C. at which D. that where
43. I find difficult him to do such work .
A. it ; of B. it ; for C. that ; of D. that ; for
44. take to fly to Paris from Beijing ?
A. How long does that B. How long does it
C. How soon does it D. How far does it
45. You made a new model plane , .
A. how wonderful it is B. how wonderful is it
C. that is wonderful D. wonderful you are
答案：1 ― 5 DDDAB 6 ― 10 ACBDB 11 ― 15 DCACD 16 ― 20 ADDDB 21 ― 25 AAACB26 ― 30 DCADA 31 ― 35 DDDBD 36 ― 40 AABDD 41 ― 45 AABBA
【創(chuàng)新園地】
When I got into his house , I saw an old man reading
a book in the chair . I talked with him . I found that 1 . ____
from the time when he was a child , he always brought 2 . ____
a little book in his pockets . He did reading almost 3 . ____
every minute . He did not do anything . People often found 4 . ____
him read a book while he was waiting for meals , 5 . ____
buses , doctors , plays begin or something to happen . 6 . ____
You could still even find him reading in the toilet . 7 . ____
That was why he found his fifteen minutes a 8 . ____
day for reading . That was how he reads twenty 9 . ____
books a year―one thousand in our lifetime . 10 . ___
（請(qǐng)同學(xué)們改好后把答案反饋給我們）
【創(chuàng)新園地】答案：1. the → a 。 2. brought → carried 。3. √。 4. 在 anything 后加 else 。5. read → reading 。 6. 在begin 前加 to 。 7. 去掉 still 。8. why → how 。 9. reads → read 。10. our → his 。
【同步題庫(kù)】
Unit 14
Ⅰ . 單項(xiàng)填空
答案：Ⅰ. 1 ― 5 BDDAA 6 ―10 CABDA 11 ― 15 CCADB 16 ― 20 DBACD 21 ― 25 BDBAC Ⅱ. 1 ― 5 DBCBA 6 ― 10 CABCA 11 ― 15 CDDAD 16 ― 20 BAAAD 21 ― 25 CBDAB Ⅲ. 1―5 DACCD 6 ―10 ACDBC 11 ― 15 CFEGD Ⅳ . 1 . darkness / dark 2 . journey 3 . forced 4 . simple 5 . forehead 6 . wonder 7 . length 8 . satisfied 9 . smelly 10 . zones Ⅴ . 1 . expected→expecting 2 . 去掉 reached 后面的 to 3 . usually→usual 4. same→the same 5 . 去掉 in 6 . 去掉 for 7 . √ 8 . 在 much 前加 how 9 . spend→spending 10 . anyone→everyone
Ⅵ . One possible version:
Dear Mr Zhang ,
We know that this is the last lesson that you will give us . Soon we'll graduate and say good-bye to our school . At this moment , we don't know how to express ourselves . All we can say is "Thanks" .
Three years ago when we came to this school , we knew nothing about English . However , with your unselfish help , we have greatly improved our English in listening , speaking , reading and writing . We owe all this to you , because in the past three years , you have been working hard , trying your best to help us . We will remember all those lively and interesting lessons you've given us , which we will never forget .
Now let us all say again , "Thank you , Mr Zhang" .
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