1.語(yǔ)態(tài)：

　①英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和補(bǔ)動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)　

　　主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者

　　被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者　

　   Cats 　eat 　fish. 　　�。ㄖ鲃�(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）貓吃魚(yú)。

　  Fish  is eaten  by cats.　(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))魚(yú)被貓吃。

  ②被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

　　由“助動(dòng)詞be ＋及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成

　　助動(dòng)詞be 有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化，其變化規(guī)則與be 作為連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)完全一樣。

時(shí)態(tài)

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)

例句

一般現(xiàn)在  時(shí)

am

are +過(guò)去分詞

is

English is spoken in many countries.

一般過(guò)去  時(shí)

was +過(guò)去分詞

were + 過(guò)去分詞

This bridge was built in 1989.

情 態(tài)

動(dòng) 詞

can/should

may  +be+過(guò)去分詞

must/……

The work must be done right now.

   ③被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

當(dāng)我們不知道誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒(méi)有必要指出誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，或者只需強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

2.  allow doing sth    They don’t allow smoking here.

   allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）如：

　  Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 媽媽允許我每晚看電視。

　 be allowed to do sth. 被允許做某事（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）如：

　　LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允許去欽州。

3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞

　讓/使（別人）做某事　 get sth. done(過(guò)去分詞)

　　　　　　　　　　　  have sth. done        如：

　I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我讓別人修好我的車(chē)

4. enough 足夠　

　形容詞＋enough  如：beautiful enough　足夠漂亮

  enough＋名詞　如：enough food 足夠食物

  enough  to 　足夠…去做…　如：

　　　I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足夠的錢(qián)去北京。

      She is old enough to go to school.她夠大去讀書(shū)了。

5.  stop doing sth. 停止做某事　Please stop speaking.請(qǐng)停止說(shuō)話(huà)。

stop to do sth. 停止下來(lái)去做某事　Please stop to speak. 請(qǐng)停下來(lái)說(shuō)話(huà)。

    stop /keep/prevent sb from doing sth 

    can’t stop doing sth.

6. 看起來(lái)好像…sb. seem to do sth.  = it seems that +從句     seem+ adj.

   He seems to feel very sad.

   It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起來(lái)好像很傷心。

7. 系動(dòng)詞不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，要和表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。連系動(dòng)詞除be 和become 等少數(shù)詞可接名詞作表語(yǔ)外，一般都是接形容詞。　如：

　　They are very happy.    He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired.

8. 倒裝句:

由so＋助動(dòng)詞(be/do/will/have)/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)　意為：…也是一樣

　　She is a student. So am I.　她是一個(gè)學(xué)生，我也是。

    She went to school just now. So did I . 她剛才去學(xué)校了，我也是

    She has finished the work. So have I . 她已經(jīng)完成了工作,我也完成了。

She will go to school. So will he.　她將去學(xué)校，他也是。

Neither/nor + 助動(dòng)詞 (be/do/will/have) /情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)

9. yet 仍然，還　常用在否定句或疑問(wèn)句當(dāng)中

   He hasn’t finished his homework yet.

10. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我經(jīng)常熬夜到12點(diǎn)。

11. clean up 打掃　整理　如：

　　I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已經(jīng)打掃完了臥室。

12. 程度副詞：

always總是 usually經(jīng)常 sometimes有時(shí) never從不

如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.

        我總是/經(jīng)常/有時(shí)/從不上學(xué)遲到。

13. 曾經(jīng)做某事：　

　　Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.

    Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

14. go shopping(去購(gòu)物), go fishing(去釣魚(yú)), go swimming(去游泳)

   go boating(去劃船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)

15. be strict with sb. 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)厲　如：

   Mother is strict with her son. 媽媽對(duì)她的兒子很?chē)?yán)厲。

   be strict in sth          be strict with sb in sth

16.  take the test 參加考試

pass the test 通過(guò)考試

fail a test  考試失敗

17. the other day 前幾天

18. agree 同意　反義詞 disagree不同意 動(dòng)詞

   agreement 同意　反義詞 disagreement 不同意　名詞

   agree with sb   agree to do sth

18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容詞　使某人/某物保持….　如：

　　We should keep our city clean.我們應(yīng)該保持我們的城市干凈。

19. both…and…　+動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式

如： Both Jim and Li Ming play  bastketball.

20. learn (sth.) from sb.  向誰(shuí)學(xué)習(xí)(什么) 如：

 Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英語(yǔ)老師學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)

21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有機(jī)會(huì)做某事

   have a chance of doing sth. 有機(jī)會(huì)做某事

   如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing.       I have a chance of going to Beijing.

22. at present 目前

23. at least 最少  at most 最多

24. 花費(fèi) take ,cost, spend , pay

    sth. take (sb.) time to do sth.  It took (me) 10days to read the book.

    sth. cost (sb.) ……        The book cost (me) 100yuan.

    sb. spend … on sth.        She spent 10days on this book.

    sb. spend …doing sth.      She spent 10days reading this book.

    sb. pay … for sth.          She paid 10yuan for this book.

25. have +時(shí)間段+off    放假，休息 如：have 2 days off

26. reply to 答復(fù)某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.

27. agree with sth. 同意某事      如：I agree with that idea.

   agree to sb.  同意某人的意見(jiàn)  如：I agree to LiLei.

28. get in the way of 礙事，妨礙 如：

Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社會(huì)生活妨礙了她的學(xué)習(xí)。

29. success  n.  succeed  v.  successful  adj.  successfully  adv.

30. think about 與think of 的區(qū)別 

   ①當(dāng)兩者譯為： 認(rèn)為、想起、記著時(shí)，兩者可互用

     I often think about/ of that day. 我經(jīng)常想起那天。

   ②think about 還有“考慮”之意 ，think of   想到、想出時(shí)兩者不能互用

    At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一個(gè)好主意。

    We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我們正在考慮去欽州。

31. 對(duì)… 熱衷， 對(duì)…興趣

be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她對(duì)跳舞熱衷。

be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她對(duì)他感興趣。

32. practice doing 練習(xí)做某事   She often practice speaking English.

33. care about sb. 關(guān)心某人 如：Mother often care about her son.

34. also  也   用于句中

   either也   用于否定句且用于句末

   too   也  用于肯定句且用于句末

   I am also a student. 我也是一個(gè)學(xué)生

   I am a student too. 我也是一個(gè)學(xué)生。

I am not a student either. 我也不是一個(gè)學(xué)生。

35.need   ① need sth

         ② need to do sth

         ③ sth need doing =sth need to be done