2008年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（天津卷）語(yǔ)文
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷兩部分，共150分，考試時(shí)間150分鐘。第Ⅰ卷1至6頁(yè)，第Ⅱ卷7至12頁(yè)�？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。?
第Ⅰ卷?
注意事項(xiàng)：
1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考號(hào)、科目涂寫(xiě)在答題卡上，并在規(guī)定位置粘貼考試用條形碼。?
2．每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。在試題卷上作答無(wú)效
3．本卷共14小題，每小題3分，共42分。
2008年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試
語(yǔ)文試題（上海卷）
一 80分
(一)閱讀下文，完成第1－5題。(15分)
①2010年上海世博會(huì)中國(guó)國(guó)家館“東方之冠”的設(shè)計(jì)方案，在傳統(tǒng)的斗拱造型基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了創(chuàng)造性的現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)譯。斗拱榫卯穿插的運(yùn)用，保持了最為世人所理解的中國(guó)建筑元素，而層層出挑的主體造型更顯示了現(xiàn)代工程技術(shù)的力度和氣度。與國(guó)家館相呼應(yīng)的地區(qū)館平臥其下，則引入江南園林的理念，以現(xiàn)代園林空間來(lái)軟化主體建筑與城市周邊的關(guān)系。整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)一寓“天”，一寓“地”，體現(xiàn)出東方哲學(xué)對(duì)于“天地”關(guān)系的理解，以及對(duì)理想人居環(huán)境的憧憬。幾年之后，這個(gè)世博中國(guó)館必將成為上海的新地標(biāo)，雄踞于浦江之濱，給上海和中國(guó)帶來(lái)新的光榮和自豪。http://www.xhyww.com 興化語(yǔ)文網(wǎng)
②城市地標(biāo)是一座城市最具標(biāo)志性的建筑或景觀，它聚焦了一座城市的魅力，是這座城市區(qū)別于另一座城市的特色之所在。我國(guó)歷史上唐代長(zhǎng)安之曲江，北宋汴州之金明池，南宋杭州之西湖，明清南京之秦淮河、北京之故宮、蘇州之虎丘、揚(yáng)州之瘦西湖，近代上海之外灘，都是歷史上極具特色和標(biāo)志性的城市景觀，并積淀為一種獨(dú)特的城市意象。隨著我國(guó)當(dāng)代城市化進(jìn)程的迅猛發(fā)展，新的城市地標(biāo)不斷浮出地表。這些新的城市地標(biāo)如何與城市的歷史文脈相協(xié)調(diào)，并體現(xiàn)出創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展，已成為今天城市建設(shè)中一個(gè)普遍性的問(wèn)題。
③所謂歷史文脈，就是指一座城市的歷史文化傳統(tǒng)，它是在城市產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的漫長(zhǎng)歷史進(jìn)程中慢慢積淀和形成的，一旦形成，它又影響著生活于這座城市的市民共享的生活體驗(yàn)和共有的文化想象，由于中國(guó)很早就是個(gè)統(tǒng)一的多民族國(guó)家，因而其城節(jié)必然烙有大體一致的中國(guó)特色；同時(shí)由于中國(guó)疆域遼闊，分成許多文化區(qū)域，因而每座城市又往往形成鮮明的地方特點(diǎn)。王國(guó)維說(shuō)過(guò)“都邑者，政治與文化之標(biāo)征也”，就是說(shuō)，城市是一個(gè)國(guó)家、民族和區(qū)域政治與文化的標(biāo)征。今天的城市新地標(biāo)，理應(yīng)與這座城市的歷史文脈亦即城市的政治和文化標(biāo)征相吻合。而目前很多城市的新地標(biāo)，要么比高度，要么比奢華，或是一味追求前衛(wèi)和怪誕，與周邊的歷史文脈形成尖銳的反差。由于建筑特別是地標(biāo)性建筑關(guān)涉百年大計(jì)，千年大計(jì)，一旦造好，就很難改變，因而近年來(lái)有不少公認(rèn)的敗筆，已成為城市中極不和諧的音符，為世人所詬病，并為后人留下笑柄。
④城市新地標(biāo)必須和城市的歷史文脈相協(xié)調(diào)，近年采也有不少成功的嘗試，由著名建筑學(xué)家貝聿銘設(shè)計(jì)的蘇州博物館就是其中一例。該建筑地處著名的蘇州園林忠王府和拙政園旁邊，樓層不高，灰白色調(diào)，青磚鋪地，窗格透綠，曲徑通幽，移步換景，與周邊建筑和環(huán)境完全融為一體。它繼承了蘇州園林和江南民居的建筑風(fēng)格，整個(gè)建筑的灰白色調(diào)和傳統(tǒng)的粉墻黛瓦非常協(xié)調(diào)。不僅如此，城市新地標(biāo)還應(yīng)在原有城市地標(biāo)的基礎(chǔ)上有所承續(xù)與發(fā)展。這方面我們可以舉出上海外灘和浦東陸家嘴的建筑群。前者為歐洲古典建筑，凝重、端莊、厚實(shí)，代表著上個(gè)世紀(jì)二三十年代的上海；而后者多為造型奇特的摩天大樓，拔地而起，鱗次櫛比，富有現(xiàn)代感，代表了九十年代浦東開(kāi)發(fā)以后的新上海形象。這兩組地標(biāo)都切合上海海派文化的歷史文脈，又互為映襯，以黃浦江為界，形成了相互呼應(yīng)的“雙城記”，成為今天上海最顯著的標(biāo)志。
⑤強(qiáng)調(diào)城市新地標(biāo)要與歷史文脈相協(xié)調(diào)，并不是說(shuō)一味復(fù)古，不要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新，只是說(shuō)創(chuàng)新首先要有個(gè)文化底色和基調(diào)，這個(gè)底色和基調(diào)就是中國(guó)特色、地方特點(diǎn)。世博中國(guó)館的設(shè)計(jì)體現(xiàn)了這一思路，如國(guó)家館的“故宮紅”色調(diào)就代表了最典型的中國(guó)元素。但無(wú)論國(guó)家館還是地區(qū)館又都不是一味復(fù)古，而是在傳統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了大膽的革新，從而體現(xiàn)了傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)代的完美結(jié)合，以及國(guó)家和地區(qū)的和諧一致。世博中國(guó)館的建設(shè)，將為2010年中國(guó)上海世博會(huì)留下一座紀(jì)念碑式的建筑，也給今天和未來(lái)的上海留下一座新的城市地標(biāo)。
1. 第②段中列舉了我國(guó)多處城市景觀，用意是_
_ 。(2分)
2. 第③段“近年來(lái)有不少公認(rèn)的敗筆”一句中“敗筆”的意思是_
_ 。(2分)
3.對(duì)“歷史文脈”理解不符合文意的一項(xiàng)是(3分)
A．城市地標(biāo)與城市的歷史文脈應(yīng)該相互影響相互作用。
B．歷史文脈總是在一座城市出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的。
C．歷史文脈也是王國(guó)維說(shuō)的城市“政治與文化之標(biāo)征”。
D．城市新地標(biāo)與歷史文脈相協(xié)調(diào)要有文化底色和基調(diào)。
4.閱讀第④段，簡(jiǎn)述城市新地標(biāo)與原有地標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系。(3分)
答：
5.聯(lián)系全文，概述上海世博會(huì)中國(guó)館的文化底色。（80字左右）( 5分)
答：
(二)閱讀下文，完成第6－12題。(22分)
燈籠紅
①我們家鄉(xiāng)有一種香瓜叫作“燈籠紅”。這瓜熟透了以后，瓤?jī)杭t得像點(diǎn)亮的燈籠。我的曾祖母就像熟透了的燈籠紅。她面孔焦黑，布滿老樹(shù)皮般的皺紋，可是心靈卻如瓜瓤那么又紅又甜。我的童年時(shí)期見(jiàn)過(guò)不少這樣的老人，他們經(jīng)歷了艱難的一生，最后在生命的內(nèi)部釀出并積聚起雋永而仁慈的美好性靈。
②曾祖母至少活到八十歲以上，我四歲那年，她無(wú)疾而終。我跟她在一盤(pán)大坑上挨著睡，她死的那天晚上，把我的被褥鋪好，像往常那樣，如打坐的僧人，久久不動(dòng)地盤(pán)腿坐在上面，為的是把被窩焐得暖暖和和的。我光身子一出溜鉆進(jìn)被窩，曾祖母隔著被子撫拍我好半天，直到入睡為止。那時(shí)正是嚴(yán)寒的冬天。當(dāng)我在溫暖的被窩里做著夢(mèng)的時(shí)候，曾祖母在我身邊平靜地向人生告別了。
③我睡得死，醒來(lái)時(shí)天大亮。平時(shí)曾祖母早已起床下地，坐在圈椅里跟祖母說(shuō)話，今天為甚仍穩(wěn)睡著？側(cè)臉一瞧，一雙繡花的新鞋露在曾祖母的被頭外面，不是過(guò)大年，為甚穿新鞋？還有，她怎么頭朝里睡？我愣怔地坐起來(lái)，看見(jiàn)姐姐立在門(mén)口嚶嚶地哭泣，屋里有幾個(gè)大人靠躺柜立著。我坐起來(lái)，剛喊了聲“老娘娘”(家鄉(xiāng)對(duì)曾祖母這么叫，第一個(gè)“娘”讀入聲)，就被一雙有力的手臂連被窩一塊抱走，送到父母住的屋子里。我哭著，我并不曉得曾祖母已死，喊著“老娘娘……”這時(shí)我才聽(tīng)見(jiàn)我的幾個(gè)姐妹也都哭喊著“老娘娘”。
④我家的大門(mén)口平放著一扇廢棄的石磨，夏日黃昏，曾祖母常常坐在上面。我從遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的街角一露面，她就可著嗓門(mén)喊我“漢子，漢子，快過(guò)來(lái)!”我們家鄉(xiāng)女人把丈夫才叫“漢子”，曾祖母“漢子漢子”地叫我，引得過(guò)路的人狂笑不止。這個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)我一直沒(méi)有忘記。我跑到她身邊，她牽著我的手走進(jìn)大門(mén)。一進(jìn)大門(mén)，有一間堆放麥秸的沒(méi)門(mén)沒(méi)窗的房子。麥秸經(jīng)過(guò)碌碡壓過(guò)以后很柔軟，我們叫“麥滑”。當(dāng)年的麥秸都有股濃馥的太陽(yáng)味兒，我自小覺(jué)得凡太陽(yáng)曬過(guò)的東西都有一股暖暖的甜味兒。在收割季節(jié)的莊稼葉子上能聞到，地里的土坷垃上能聞到，熟透的“燈籠紅”香瓜散發(fā)出的太陽(yáng)味兒最濃。
⑤曾祖母叮嚀我：“你看著，不要讓人來(lái)。”我心里全明白，假裝著懵懵懂懂，隔著麥秸，我早聞到了誘人的燈籠紅的香味。曾祖母跪在麥秸上。雙手往里掏，掏得很深，半個(gè)身子幾乎埋進(jìn)麥秸里，麥秸里沉聚的芬芳的太陽(yáng)味兒被揚(yáng)了起來(lái)，刺得鼻孔直癢癢。她終于掏出三五個(gè)“燈籠紅”，逐個(gè)聞一聞，挑出其中最熟的一個(gè)遞給我，把剩下那幾個(gè)又深深地寄在麥秸里面。家鄉(xiāng)話中的“寄”是藏匿的意思。甜瓜寄在麥秸里兩三天，能把半熟的瓜釀得全熟，濃濃的香味溢出了瓜皮。香味正如同燈放射出的光芒，只不過(guò)不像燈光能看得見(jiàn)。其實(shí)跟看得見(jiàn)也差不多，一聞到香味就等于看見(jiàn)紅爍爍的瓜瓤了。我們回到大門(mén)口磨盤(pán)上坐著，曾祖母眼瞅著我一口口地把瓜吃完。
⑥我連曾祖母的姓和名字都不知道。她留給我的只有上面說(shuō)的一些夢(mèng)一般的事跡。隱約地記得她個(gè)子很矮小，穿的襖肥而長(zhǎng)，寬大的袖口卷起半尺來(lái)高，里面總寄放些小東西，她會(huì)從里面給我掏出幾個(gè)醉?xiàng)椈螓溠刻恰?duì)曾祖母的手我還有記憶。她總用干澀的手撫摸我的面孔，晚上當(dāng)我鉆進(jìn)被窩，她的手伸進(jìn)被窩久久地緩慢地?fù)崦�，從胸口直撫摸到腳心，口里念念有辭：“長(zhǎng)啊，長(zhǎng)啊!”我現(xiàn)在仍能隱隱感觸到她的手微微顫動(dòng)著，在我的生命的里里外外……別的，關(guān)于她，我什么也記不得了。她早已隱沒(méi)進(jìn)了無(wú)法憶念的像大地一般深厚的歷史的內(nèi)腔之中了。
⑦聽(tīng)說(shuō)曾祖母年輕時(shí)性子很剛烈，說(shuō)一不二，村里有個(gè)姓王的武舉人(是全縣有名的摔跤場(chǎng)的評(píng)判)，都怕她三分。到了晚年，她卻異常的溫厚，像收完了莊稼的一塊田地，安靜地等著大雪深深地封蓋住它。她從人世間隱沒(méi)了，回歸到了生養(yǎng)她的渾然無(wú)覺(jué)的大自然。大自然因他們(無(wú)以數(shù)計(jì))生命的靈秀和甜美而更加富有生育的能力。
6．家鄉(xiāng)的女人把丈夫叫“漢子”，曾祖母卻這樣叫“我”，這是因?yàn)?u>
。(1分)
7．閱讀第⑤段畫(huà)線的兩處細(xì)節(jié)描寫(xiě)，辨析曾祖母心理上的差異。(2分)
答：
8．文章為什么用“一些夢(mèng)一般的事跡”來(lái)概括曾祖母留給“我”的記憶?(2分)
答：
9．第⑥段寫(xiě)道：“我現(xiàn)在仍能隱隱感觸到她的手微微顫動(dòng)著，在我的生命的里里外外……”
簡(jiǎn)析這句話的含義。(3分)
答：
10．對(duì)文章分析正確的兩項(xiàng)是(6分)【 】【 】
A．本文富于詩(shī)意，對(duì)“我”少年時(shí)代的農(nóng)村生活的描寫(xiě)，充滿情趣和溫馨。
B．本文刻畫(huà)傳神，對(duì)曾祖母的描寫(xiě)細(xì)致入微，很好地體現(xiàn)了她的剛烈性格。
C．本文從兒童視角敘述曾祖母的死，很大程度上弱化了死亡的恐怖和悲哀。
D．本文感情深摯，通過(guò)對(duì)曾祖母的回憶，謳歌了母性的偉大和故鄉(xiāng)的美麗。
E．本文從死亡開(kāi)始由近及遠(yuǎn)倒敘有關(guān)曾祖母的記憶，深具感人的藝術(shù)魅力。
F．本文首尾呼應(yīng)，點(diǎn)面結(jié)合，通過(guò)曾祖母成功地塑造了農(nóng)村老人群體形象。
11．概括本文的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格，聯(lián)系文章主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行賞析。(3分)
答：
12．文章將曾祖母喻為“燈籠紅”，又將她喻為“收完了莊稼的一塊田地”，聯(lián)系全文對(duì)此
加以評(píng)析。(5分)
答：
(三)默寫(xiě)(任選6空)。(6分)
【注：考生答題超過(guò)6空，按前6空順序評(píng)分】
13. (1)_ ，在晝猶昏；_ ，有時(shí)見(jiàn)日。(吳均《與朱元思書(shū)》)
(2)子孫視之不甚惜，舉以予人，_ 。(蘇洵《六國(guó)論》)
(3) _ ，何求美人折?(張九齡《感遇》)
(4) _ ，千載有余情。(陶淵明《詠荊軻》)
(5)何時(shí)倚虛幌，_ 。(杜甫《月夜》)
(6)潭中魚(yú)可百許頭，_ 。(柳宗元《小石潭記》)
(7)好學(xué)近乎知，力行近乎仁，_ 。(《中庸》)
(四)閱讀下面的詩(shī)歌。完成第14－16題。(8分)
壬辰寒食① 王安石
客思似楊柳，春風(fēng)千萬(wàn)條。
更傾寒食淚，欲漲冶城②潮。
巾發(fā)雪爭(zhēng)出，鏡顏朱早凋。
未知軒冕樂(lè)，但欲老漁樵。
【注】①寒食：清明前一天(一說(shuō)前兩天)。②冶城：古地名，在今南京市西，臨長(zhǎng)江。
14．“世之奇?zhèn)�、瑰怪、非常之觀，常在于險(xiǎn)遠(yuǎn)”出自王安石的_ (篇名)。
(1分)
15．對(duì)作品賞析恰當(dāng)?shù)囊豁?xiàng)是(3分)
A．首聯(lián)從楊柳和春風(fēng)寫(xiě)起，生動(dòng)地描繪了春天的美景。
B．頷聯(lián)以“傾”、“漲”夸張地抒發(fā)了作者的哀痛之情。
C．尾聯(lián)寫(xiě)出了作者因過(guò)早衰老，只能辭官歸隱的遺憾。
D．詩(shī)歌以“客思”貫穿全篇，表現(xiàn)了客居他鄉(xiāng)的哀傷。
16．聯(lián)系全詩(shī)，賞析“雪”和“朱”的表達(dá)效果。(4分)
答：
(五)閱讀下文，完成第17－
建中四年，項(xiàng)城為叛軍困。縣令李侃，不知所為。其妻楊氏日：“君，縣令也�？苤廉�(dāng)守；力不足，死焉，職也。君如逃，則人誰(shuí)肯固矣!”侃日：“兵與財(cái)皆無(wú)，將若何？”曰：“如不守，縣為賊所得矣，倉(cāng)廩皆其積也，府庫(kù)皆其財(cái)也，百姓皆其戰(zhàn)士也，國(guó)家何有?奪賊之財(cái)而食其食，重賞以令死士，其必濟(jì)!”
于是，召胥吏、百姓于庭，楊氏言曰：“縣令，誠(chéng)主也；雖然，歲滿則罷去。非若吏人、百姓然。吏人、百姓，邑人也，墳?zāi)勾嫜桑讼嗯c致死以守其邑，忍失其身而為賊之人耶？”眾皆泣。得數(shù)百人，侃率之以乘城。
項(xiàng)城，小邑也，無(wú)長(zhǎng)戟?jiǎng)佩�、高城深溝之固。賊氣吞焉，將超城而下。有以弱弓射賊者，中其帥，墜馬死。賊失勢(shì)，遂散走，項(xiàng)城之人無(wú)傷焉。
17．寫(xiě)出下列加點(diǎn)詞在句中的意思。(4分)
(1)則人誰(shuí)肯固矣( ) (2)其必濟(jì)( )
(3)宜相與致死以守其邑( ) (4)侃率之以乘城( )
18．下列句中“為”的用法與其他三項(xiàng)不同的一項(xiàng)是(2分)
A．項(xiàng)城為叛軍困 B．縣令李侃，不知所為
C．吾從板外相為應(yīng)答 D．為君翻作《琵琶行》
19．把下列句子譯成現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)。(6分)
(1)力不足，死焉，職也。
譯文：
(2)雖然，歲滿則罷去，非若吏人、百姓然。
譯文：
20.楊氏對(duì)胥吏百姓的一番陳詞使得“眾皆泣”，原因是
。(2分)
21．聯(lián)系全文，概括楊氏的性格特點(diǎn)。(2分)
答：
(六)閱讀下文．完成第22－26題。(13分)
①予赴友人孟誕先之約，以有此尋也。是時(shí)秋也，故曰“秋尋”。
②夫秋也，草木疏而不積，山川澹而不媚。比之春，如舍佳人而逢高僧于浣衣洗缽也；比之夏，如辭貴游①而侶韻士于清泉白石也；比之冬，又如恥孤寒②而露英雄于夜雨疏燈也。天以此時(shí)新其位置，洗其煩穢，待游人之至，而游人者不能自清其胸中以求秋之所在，而動(dòng)曰“悲秋”。予嘗言宋玉有悲，是以悲秋。后人未嘗有悲而悲之。不信胸中而信紙上，予悲夫悲秋者也。
③天下山水多矣，余不足以了其半，而輒于耳目步履中得一石一湫，徘徊難去。入雷山恍然，入洪山恍然，入九峰山恍然，何恍然之多耶?然則予胸中或本有一恍然，以來(lái)而山山若遇也。予乘秋而出，先秋而歸。家有五弟，冠者四矣，皆能以至性奇情佐予之所不及，花棚草徑，柳堤瓜架之間，亦可樂(lè)也。
④曰“秋尋”者，又以見(jiàn)秋而外皆家居也。誕先日：“子家居詩(shī)少，秋尋詩(shī)多，吾為子刻《秋尋草》�！�
[注]①貴游：無(wú)官職的王公貴族。②孤寒：貧寒無(wú)依靠的人。
22．第②段畫(huà)線句用不同的形象對(duì)應(yīng)一年四季，好在哪里?(2分)
答：
23．對(duì)“予悲夫悲秋者也”理解正確的一項(xiàng)是(3分)
A．我對(duì)悲秋者的因秋而悲感到悲傷。
B．我與那個(gè)悲秋者有著強(qiáng)烈的共鳴。
C．我為悲秋者的情不由衷感到悲哀。
D．我為宋玉那樣的悲秋者深感悲傷。
24．“悲秋”是古人常有的感慨，文中能體現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的一個(gè)字是_ _。(1分)
25．第③段可分為兩層，概括層次大意。(3分)
(1) _ _ (2)_ _
26．本文首尾都提到“秋尋”，分析其作用。(4分)
答：
二 70分
27．作文
平常大家關(guān)注更多的也許是“我們”，如果把視線轉(zhuǎn)向“他們”，你會(huì)看到什么，又會(huì)想到什么？請(qǐng)以“他們”為題，寫(xiě)一篇文章。
要求：(1)不少于800字。(2)不要寫(xiě)成詩(shī)歌。(3)不得透露個(gè)人相關(guān)信息。
絕密★使用完畢前
2008年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試語(yǔ)文（北京卷）
本試卷分第I卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷兩部分。第I卷1至4頁(yè)，第Ⅱ卷5至9頁(yè)，共150分�？荚嚂r(shí)間150分鐘，考試結(jié)束，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
注意事項(xiàng)：
1． 考生作答第I卷和第Ⅱ卷時(shí)，務(wù)必將答案答在答題卡上。在試卷上答題均無(wú)效。
2． 答題前，考生務(wù)必將答題卡上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)用黑色字跡的簽字筆填寫(xiě)，用2B鉛筆將準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)對(duì)應(yīng)的信息點(diǎn)涂黑。
3． 答第I卷時(shí)，每小題選定答案后，用2B鉛筆把對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案選中涂滿涂黑，黑度以蓋住框內(nèi)字母為準(zhǔn)。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦除干凈后再選涂其它答案項(xiàng)。
答第Ⅱ卷時(shí)，必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆按題號(hào)順序答在紅色框答題區(qū)域相應(yīng)位置內(nèi)，未在對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域作答或者超出答題區(qū)域作答均不得分。
第I卷（選擇題 共30分）
★絕密★ 啟用前(供貴州、黑龍江、吉林、云南、甘肅、新疆、內(nèi)蒙古、青海、西藏使用)
2008年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試
語(yǔ)文試題（全國(guó)卷II）
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。第Ⅰ卷1至4頁(yè)，第Ⅱ卷5至 10頁(yè)�？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第I卷
注意事項(xiàng)
1．答題前，考生在答題卡上務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)清楚。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真核準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名和科目。
2．每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。在試題卷上作答無(wú)效。
3．本試卷共10小題，每小題3分，共30分。在每小題 給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一項(xiàng)符合要求。
★絕密★ 啟用前(供河南、河北、山西、廣西使用)
2008年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試
語(yǔ)文（全國(guó)卷Ⅰ）
本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。第Ⅰ卷1至4頁(yè)，第Ⅱ卷5至 10頁(yè)。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷
注意事項(xiàng)
1．答題前，考生在答題卡上務(wù)必用直徑0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)清楚。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真核準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、姓名和科目。
2．每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑，如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。在試題卷上作答無(wú)效。
3．本試卷共10小題，每小題3分，共30分。在每小題 給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一項(xiàng)符合要求。
2007―2008江蘇省各地英語(yǔ)任務(wù)型閱讀試題匯編
任務(wù)型閱讀
閱讀下面的文章，根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成題后表格中所缺單詞。(每格限填一詞)
An Event of Imagination
The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will
miss our planet, but two pieces will probably hit the southern half of the Earth.
On 17 July, a piece four kilometers wide enters the Earth's atmosphere with a massive explosion.
About
half of the piece is destroyed, but the remaining part hits the
Before the waves
reach South America, the second piece of the comet lands in
Earthquakes
and volcanoes are set off in the
Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The
dinosaurs (恐龍) were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a piece of object in space. The dinosaurs couldn't live through the cold climate that followed and they died out. Will we meet the same end?
請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上文章，完成下列表格：
Reasons
Results
One piece hits the
The sea boils and a huge hole is made in the seabed. A tsunami(海嘯) hits southern Africa, 73 cities on the African coast, and 74 millions of people.
A 75 76 happens when the four-kilometer-wide piece of comet enters the Earth's 77 .
The sun is hidden by clouds of dust and the temperature falls to almost zero, 78 crops. Wars break out for food and only 10 million people remain. The human beings are 79 the danger of 80 out.
71. faster 72. than 73. destroying 74. drowning 75. massive
76. explosion 77. atmosphere 78. mining 79. facing 80. dying
任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）
認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~（僅限一詞）
A smart card is a card that is carried with either a microprocessor and a memory chip or only a memory chip that is not programmable. The microprocessor card can add. delete, and deal with the information on the card, while a memory-chip card can only do one thing.
Smart cards, unlike magnetic stripe cards, can do many different things and hold a lot of information. In this way, they do not need to get information from a faraway place when they are used.
Today, there are several kinds of smart cards, all of which are very popular in the market:
IC (Integrated Circuit) Microprocessor Cards Microprocessor Cards (chip cards) offer a larger memory and better security than the traditional magnetic stripe cards do. Chip cards can also hold data. These cards are used for many things. Thus, chips have been the main platform for cards that hold a secure digital identity. Some examples of these cards are:
Cards that hold money.
Cards that provide safe access to a network.
Cards that allow setting stop boxes on televisions to remain safe from privacy.
Optical Memory Cards Optical memory cards look like cards with a piece of CD on the top. Optical memory cards can store up to 4MB of data. But once written, the data can not be changed or removed. Thus, this type of card is good for keeping records, such as medical files, driving records or travel histories. Today, these have no processors in them (although this is coming in the near future). While the cards are almost as cheap as chip cards, the card readers are expensive.
Title: (1)_______________cards
Types
(3)________________
Disadvantages
Similarities
IC Chip Cards
A larger memory &
Better (4)___________
Hold data
Not mentioned
Popularity
Large (10) ____
Low cost of
cards
Optical (2)___________
cards
Store much data
Good for (5)_________
Drivers and (6)_______
to keep records
(7)_______ not much
(8)________ data
No processors
Expensive card
(9)___________
1．Smart 2. Memory 3. Advantages 4.security 5. doctors
6. travelers 7. cost 8. Unchangeable 9. readers 10.memory
任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填上最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。(每空1個(gè)單詞)
Since the beginning of human evolution, men have migrated（遷移）across continents in search of food, shelter, safety, and comfortable weather. People still move for these reasons, but new reasons for human migration are arising, such as job relocation(重新安置) and overpopulation.
Three million migrants are moving from poor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destination is a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. People are moving within the developing world for the same reasons as they migrate to wealthier nations. People from poor countries are going to less poor countries, fleeing wars and conflicts. They are also responding to population pressures because some countries are densely populated, and they often have high population growth. Those people need to go somewhere else.
There are three main reasons why people move. The basic categories and percentages are as follows, according to the Current Population Surveys (CPS):
Family-related reasons account for 26.3%, including changes in marital（婚姻的） status, establishing a household and other family reasons; work-related reasons 16.2%, including job transfer, retirement, and other job-related reasons; housing-related reasons 51.6%, including new and better houses, better neighborhood, cheaper housing and other housing reasons; the remaining 5.9% of other reasons are attending college, the change of climate and health reasons.
Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities and warmer climates. They have also been moving to places a little far from cities, in search of bigger yards and houses, lower crime rates and better schools. In 1950, nearly a fifth of the population lived in the nation’s 20 largest cities. In 2006, it was about one in ten. That’s why many American people say, “Big Cities Shrink as People Move South, West.”
Between March 2005 and March 2007, 73.4 million Americans moved. Fifty-six percent of these moves were within the same country. Twenty percent were between counties but in the same state. Nineteen percent were moves to a different state. Some families even went abroad.
Title: People on the 71
Lead-in
Throughout human 72 , people have migrated across continents.
An 73 number of people from poor countries are moving to 74 countries, especially neighboring ones.
_75 for people’s migration
According to the CPS, the 76 of people move to other places for reasons 77 to housing.
Americans
have long been moving south and west,
looking
Conclusion
Now every year more and more people move to other places, which seems to have become a global 80 .
71. move, 72. history, 73. increasing, 74. richer/wealthier, 75. Reasons,
76. majority, 77. related/linked, 78. for, 79. climate, 80. tendency/phenomenon/trend
任務(wù)型閱讀（每小題1分，滿分10分）
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意：每空格不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞。
The secret of success
Since 1989， Dave Thomas， who died at age 69， was one of the most recognizable faces on TV. He appeared more than 800 commercials for the hamburger chain named for his daughter. "As long as it works,” he said in 1991，"I'll continue to do those commercials."
Even though he was successful， Thomas remained troubled by his childhood.
"He still won't let anyone see his feet， which are out of shape because
he has never had proper-fitting shoes,” Wendy said in 1993 and told us that sixty-one years ago， Dave Thomas was born to a
single mother, he was adopted as a baby by Rex and Auleva. Thomas of Kalamazoo in
A year later, after breaking with Sanders，Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers，in Columbus，Ohio，which set itself apart by serving made-to-order burgers. With 6，000 restaurants worldwide，the chain now makes $ 6 billion a year in sales.
Although
troubled by his own experience with an adoption， Thomas，married since 1954 to Lorraine, 66, and with four grown kids
besides Wendy，felt it
could offer a future for other children. He started the Dave Thomas Foundation
for adoption in 1992. Later，Thomas，who had left school at 15，graduated from Coconut Great High School in Florida. He even took
The main events of Dave’s life
In (71) _____
He was born to a single mother.
6 weeks old
He (72) _____ as a baby by Rex an Auleva Thomas.
At the age of five
Thomas spent years on the road as Rex traveled around (73) _____.
In 1944
Thomas started working at
(74) _____ in
15 years old
He (75) _____ on his own.
In 1954
Thomas (76) _____
In (77) _____
He met with Harland Sanders.
In 1968
He became a (78) _____.
In (79) _____
Thomas started the first Wendy's Old Fashioned Hamburgers，in Columbus.
In 1993, graduated from
71.1932 72.was adopted 73.seeking construction work 74.a barbecue restaurant 75.moved out 76.married 77.1956 78.millionaire 79.1969 80.died/passed away
任務(wù)型閱讀（共10分，每小題1分，滿分10分）
閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。
注意：每空不超過(guò)3個(gè)單詞。
Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults.
The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime, drug use, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.
Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal.
First, dosage（時(shí)量）matters ―young people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make a bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities, skill building meaningful involvement（參與）, expression suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe and fair environment, encourage personalized（個(gè)性化的）involvement, and actively create learning opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have promising future, how they are designed and run matters.
Title 71.
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