高三化學(xué)攻關(guān)三十六法之――開放型化學(xué)試題
開放型化學(xué)試題,答案往往不惟一,或者條件過剩,或者條件缺乏,都具有一定難度。
●難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)
請(qǐng)?jiān)囎鱿铝蓄}目,然后自我界定學(xué)習(xí)本篇是否需要。
將Fe、Cu、FeCl3、CuCl2四種固體放在燒杯中,加入適量水,攪拌,完全反應(yīng)后溶液中仍存在Cu2+,則還可能存在的物質(zhì)有:
①
②
③
④
(可不填滿,也可補(bǔ)充)。
●案例探究
[例題]計(jì)算以下兩小題時(shí),除必須應(yīng)用所有給出的數(shù)據(jù)外,還各缺少一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù),指出該數(shù)據(jù)的名稱(分別以a和b表示),并列出計(jì)算式。
(1)在溫度為t℃和壓強(qiáng)為p Pa的情況下,19.5 g A與11.0 g B恰好完全反應(yīng),生成固體C和3.00 L的D氣體,計(jì)算生成的C的質(zhì)量(m)。
缺少的數(shù)據(jù)是:____________,計(jì)算式為:m=____________。
(2)0.48 g金屬鎂與10 mL鹽酸反應(yīng),計(jì)算生成的H2在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下的體積[V(H2)]。
缺少的數(shù)據(jù)是:____________,計(jì)算式為:____________。
命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)缺少條件的判定及補(bǔ)充條件后的計(jì)算能力。
知識(shí)依托:質(zhì)量守恒定律、根據(jù)化學(xué)方程式的計(jì)算。
錯(cuò)解分析:忽視題干條件,補(bǔ)充出2個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)而出錯(cuò);忽視氣體的密度與溫度等條件的關(guān)系,補(bǔ)充數(shù)據(jù)不補(bǔ)充數(shù)據(jù)存在的條件而出錯(cuò);忽視所求V(H2)并不一定是在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況之下,補(bǔ)充出n(H2)而出錯(cuò)。與題意不符。
解題思路:本題就解題內(nèi)容而言是兩個(gè)較簡(jiǎn)單的題目,它采用了新的設(shè)問方法,每小題給出的信息中都缺少一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù),要求考生先找出缺少的數(shù)據(jù),再列式計(jì)算。為了防止答案過于分散,作了兩項(xiàng)限制:①只準(zhǔn)補(bǔ)充一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù);②必須用到其他所有已知的條件。這樣,可以避免考生將已知條件棄之不顧,而另外再設(shè)立若干條件,從而違背原題的立意。
第(1)小題給出反應(yīng)物A和B的質(zhì)量,以及氣體產(chǎn)物D的體積,要計(jì)計(jì)算產(chǎn)物C的質(zhì)量。由于該反應(yīng)不涉及具體物質(zhì),因而不可能從反應(yīng)物和產(chǎn)物的物質(zhì)的量和摩爾質(zhì)量來計(jì)算,只能從反應(yīng)前后總質(zhì)量相等著手。反應(yīng)物的質(zhì)量是已知的,而對(duì)產(chǎn)物D,則只知道其體積,要求算它的質(zhì)量,必須知道該溫度(t℃)和壓強(qiáng)(p Pa)下氣體的密度。將D的體積乘以該密度即得D的質(zhì)量。
m(C)=m(A)+m(B)-m(D)。
第(2)小題要求計(jì)算反應(yīng)中生成的H2在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下的體積。題中給出了金屬鎂的質(zhì)量和鹽酸的體積,可是僅有鹽酸的體積是無法確定其中HCl的質(zhì)量或物質(zhì)的量的,必須同時(shí)知道它的濃度(b mol?L-1)才行。
然而,即使補(bǔ)充了濃度,已知條件已經(jīng)齊備,但是要計(jì)算生成H2的體積,還需要先判定Mg和HCl何者過量。
若HCl過量:
≥
則生成H2的體積應(yīng)根據(jù)鎂的量按下式計(jì)算:
V(H2)=×22.4 L?mol-1
若金屬M(fèi)g過量:
>
則生成H2的體積應(yīng)根據(jù)HCl的量按下式計(jì)算:
V(H2)=×22.4 L?mol-1
答案:(1)在t℃和p Pa下的氣體密度(a)
m(C)=19.5 g+11.0 g-3.00 L×a[或m(C)=30.5 g-3.00a L]
(2)鹽酸的物質(zhì)的量濃度(b mol?L-1)
V(H2)=×22.4 L?mol-1或V(H2)=×22.4L?mol-1
●錦囊妙計(jì)
開放型化學(xué)試題包含以下幾種情形:
1.條件過剩型:注意去偽存真,排除“假信息”的干擾,凸現(xiàn)“真信息”的作用。
2.條件不足型:要注意補(bǔ)充條件的準(zhǔn)確性和嚴(yán)密性。
3.答案不惟一型:要注意思維的嚴(yán)密性,運(yùn)用思維的序列性,謹(jǐn)防遺漏答案。
●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練
1.(★★★)現(xiàn)有含主族金屬元素An+的溶液,c(An+)=0.80 mol?L-1。取該溶液10 mL恰好把20 mL 0.40 mol?L-1的Na2CO3(aq)中的CO全部沉淀。已知上述10 mL溶液中含此金屬陽離子0.32 g,則該金屬的相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量為
A.24 B.32 C.40 D.64
2.(★★★★)在等物質(zhì)的量短周期金屬元素單質(zhì)A和B中,分別加入足量的酸,在A中加入鹽酸,在B中加入稀硫酸,反應(yīng)完全后,生成氫氣的體積分別為V(A)和V(B),而且V(A)≠V(B)。若要確定反應(yīng)生成物中A和B的化合價(jià),至少還需要知道的數(shù)據(jù)是
A.V(A)∶V(B)的值 B.V(A)[或V(B)]的值
C.A(或B)的物質(zhì)的量 D.鹽酸和硫酸的物質(zhì)的量濃度
3.(★★★★)試設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明兩瓶顏色相近的氣體哪一瓶是Br2蒸氣,哪一瓶是NO2氣體。(表可不填滿,也可自行增加)
編號(hào)
方法和結(jié)論
①
②
③
4.(★★★★★)現(xiàn)有一份CuO和Cu2O混合物,用H2還原法測(cè)定其中CuO的質(zhì)量x(g)。實(shí)驗(yàn)中可以測(cè)定如下數(shù)據(jù):W―混合物的質(zhì)量(g),W(H2O)―生成H2O的質(zhì)量(g)、W(Cu)―生成Cu的質(zhì)量(g)、V(H2)―消耗的H2在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下的體積(L)。(已知摩爾質(zhì)量:Cu2O―144 g?mol-1、H2O―18 g?mol-1、Cu―64 g?mol-1、CuO―80 g?mol-1)
(1)為了計(jì)算x,至少需要測(cè)定上述四個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)中的_______個(gè),這幾個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)的組合共有_______種,請(qǐng)將這些組合一一填入下表空格中。[說明:①選用W、W(H2O)、W(Cu)、V(H2)表示,不必列出具體計(jì)算式。②每個(gè)空格中填一種組合,有幾種組合就填幾種,不必填滿]
(2)從上述組合中選寫一個(gè)含W的求x的計(jì)算式:x=__________________。
福建省廈門市2009年高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查
英語試題
本試卷分第一卷(選擇題)和第二卷(非選擇題)兩部分。第一卷1至12頁,第二卷13至14頁。滿分150分。考試時(shí)間120分鐘。
第一卷(選擇題共115分)
注意事項(xiàng):
1.考生將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)及所有答案均填寫在答題卡上。
2.答題要求見答題卡上的“填涂樣例”和“注意事項(xiàng)”。
第一部分:聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)
做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答
案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。
第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)
聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出
最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)
小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?
A
£19.15 B £
答案是B
1.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.In amuseum. B.In acinema. C In a zoo.
2.What are the two speakers probably talking about?
A.Ancient castles. B.A seaside holiday C Hunting games
3.How much will the man pay for the tickets?
A.£7.5. B.£22.5. C.£45
4.What Callweinferfromthe conversation?
A.JackiS sure血athewill dobetterin血e next exam.
B.The exam was easier thall the previous one.
C.Jack probably failed in the exam.
5.Who is the woman most likely to be?
A.Mr.Smith’s wife. B.Mr.Smith’s boss. C.Mr.Smith’s secretary
第二節(jié)(共15小題,每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)
聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)
選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱瀆各個(gè)
小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。
聽第6段材料,回答第6至8題。
6.How long will the woman be away?
A.For one hour. B.For about 30 minutes. C For one and a half hours.
7.Who will buy a gift on Mother’s Day?
A.Only Mike. B.Neither of them. C Both of them
8-What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A.Colleagues. B.Husband and wife. C Doctor and patient
聽第7段材料,回答第9至11題。
9.Where is the man living now?
A.In his own house. B.With alocalfamily C In a student house.
10.Why does the man like the new place?
A.It’s a little cheaper.
B.It’s cheaper and quieter.
C.He can stay with his classmates.
11.What can we learn about the woman from the conversation?
A.Helpful. B.Curlous. C Honest.
聽第8段材料,回答第12至14題。
12.What is Li Hua’S telephone number?
A.990 2764. B.909
13.What language is Li Hua going to learn?
A.Spanish. B.French. C Italian,
14.What time does Li Hua want to come to the lessons。
A.10:
聽第9段材料,回答第15至17題。
15.What are the two speakers probably doing?
A.Finding out the truth. B.Typing the statement. C.Checking the record.
16.When did the accident happen?
A.This morning. B.Yesterday morning. C.This afternoon
17.What is the main cause ofth accident?
A.The driver was careless.
B.The student didn’t hear the horn(喇叭).
C.The speed of the car was too high.
聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。
18.What is Steinbeck’s book‘'Travels witll Charley”about?
A.People with problems.
B.navels aroundtheUSA.
C.Traveling around the world.
19.Who is Charley?
A.Steinbeck’s pet. B.Another writer. C.A tour guide.
20.Which shows the right order of the places Steinbeck and Charley traveled to?
A.Maine―Mjdwest―Califomia―Texas.
B.Midwest―Maine―Texas―Califclrnia.
C.New York―Califomia―Maine―Texas
第二部分 英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分45分)
第一節(jié) 單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
例:It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.
A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever
答案是B。
21.一Could I ask you a rather personal question,Sir?
一Sure, .
A.you could B.my pleasure C.good idea D.go ahead
22.一Hello!Golden Bay Resort.Can I help you?
一Do you have a room for this weekend?
A.a(chǎn)vailable B.useful C.possible D.empty
23.It’s obvious that the Beijing Olympic Games a great seccess.
A.kept B.showed C proved D.remained
24. is responsible for this accident will be punished.
A.Who B.Whoever C.The one D.No matter who
25.一What do you think of the project put forward by the Blacks?
一Considering its real ,it will be well worth putting into practice.I suppose.
A.reward B.prize C.cost D.value
26.We then moved to Parisin 2001, we lived for six years.
A.when B.where C.that D.there
27.By the end of last year,another new theme park completed in that area.
A.was being B.would be C.has been D.had been
28.why do we have to Joan’S selfish behaviour?She should learn to care for others.
A.keep upwith B.catch up with C.put up with D.come up with
29.You late for yesterday’S class meeting,as it was so important.
A.couldn’t be B.shouldn’t be
C.mustn’t have been D.oughtn’t to have been
30.Joined by their Mends,Troy and Gabriella staged a musical heir experiences,hopes
and fears about the future.
A?reflecting B.reflected C.being reflected D.having reflected
31.一When did you learn the news that Obama made a trip to Canada as President?
一 was on my return.
A.That B.It C.There D.This
32.-Why didn’t Tom give you one of his paintings?
-I didn’t want one,but he would have given me one if I
A.did B.would C.will D.had
33.Kate on her now novel,which is supposed to come out next month.
A.has been working B.had worked C.will be working D.was working
34.一Which of the three optional courses did you like best,Joe?
一To tell you the truth,I didn’t like of them.
A.either B.both C.a(chǎn)ny D.neither
35.The new tax policy only affects people on yearly incomes over¥120,000, the very rich.
A.by the way B.a(chǎn)s a result C.in other words D.a(chǎn)s a maner of
第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填人空
白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
One moming 1 wasted nearly
an hour watching a tiny ant carry a hug feather,Several times, it 36 sevefal obstcles(障礙物)in its path.And
after a momentary pause it would make me necessary detour(繞道). 37 one point,the ant had to cross
a crack about
and picked the feather up onthe other side,then continued onitsway.1was 40 by the
cleverness of this ant.It was only a small insect,lacking in 41 yet equipped with a brain to
reason,explore,discover and overcome. 42 this ant,like the other two-legged creatures
43_on the earth,also shares human failings。
After some time the ant 44 reached its destination―a flower bed and a small hole
that was me entrance to its 45 home.It was there that the ant met its 46 . How could that 1arge feather possibly 47 such a small hole?Of course,it couldn’t.So me ant,after all
this 48 and using great brightness,overcoming problems
all a
journey and in the end the feather was 51 more than a burden.Isn’t our 52 like that?
We worry about our families;we worry about the 53 of money;and we worry about all kinds of things.These are all burdens―the things we pick up along life’s path,and drag
them around the obstacles and over the cracks that life will bring,only to 54 that at the
destination they are 55 and we can’t take them with us?
36.A.brought about B.got over C came across D dealt with
37.A.At B.For C To D With
38.A.brave B.tiring C.magic D short
39.A.a(chǎn)cross B.through C.beside D behind
40.A.frightened B.a(chǎn)ttracted C.a(chǎn)nnoyed D satisfied
41.A.size B.height C.depth D length
42.A.Therefore B.But C.Moreover D Otherwise
43.A.working B.sleeping C.1iving D walking
44.A.probably B.suddenly C.easily D finally
45.A.underground B.lonely C.comfortable D big
46.A.partner B.match C.parent D friend
47. A fit B fix C suit D fill
48.A.decision B.pleasure C.trouble D.matter
49.A.insect B.problem C.hole D.feather
50.A.a(chǎn)fter B.until C.before D.once
51.A.nothing B.a(chǎn)nything C.something D.everything
52.A.study B.a(chǎn)im C.dream D.1ife
53.A.waste B.1ack C.worth D.danger
54.A.think B.find C.wonder D.warn
55.A.bad B.practical C.useless D.meaningful
第三部分:閱讀理解(共20小題,每題2分。滿分40分)
閱讀下列短文,從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填人空
白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Seniors Card is a partnership between the Queensland Government and participating
businesses to provide discounts and Queensland Government concessions(price reductions)on a
range of products and services to Queenslanders over 60.The project is FREE to join,and
therefore you are not required to disclose your income.Your Seniors Card or Seniors Business
Discount Card is convenient to use.Simply present your card at participating businesses to
obtain discounts.
To receive a Seniors Card you must
be a permanent resident of
or over
A Seniors Card is intended
for all
Card gives access to government concessions as well as discounts at participating businesses in
Queensland,some interstate discount and access to the FREE Senior Shopper service.
To receive a Seniors Card
you must be a Queensland resident.Applicants for a
Seniors Card must have
their principal place of residence in
of the year.Additionally this address must be registered with at least one of the following
government agencies:
If you meet these criteria and your principal place of residence is in Queensland,you can
apply for a card.However,if you live primarily in another Australian state,you will need to
apply for a Seniors Card from the office closest to your home.
56.If you have a Seniors Card,you can
A.participate in businesses B.provide discounts
C.get free services everywhere D.obtmn some discounts or price reductions
57.To get a Seniors Card,you should .
A.have a registered address B.make your income known
C.be a Queenslander of at least sixty D.five in
58.The underlined word criteria in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A.requirements B.wishes C.1evels D.needs
B
Kidsin a Sudanese refugee(難民)camp stir up a cloud of dust as they kick around a football.NBA superstar Tracy McGrady watches from a distance before offering to buy the kids a
grass pitch for$1.000.
Perhaps he sees a Ronaldinho rising up out of the African soil.Or maybe he just wants to
do something―anything―to give these children some hope.But he is told,politely,that grass
is not what the kids need.
This scene appears in 3 Point,a new documentary,which shows the Houston Rockets star
coming face―to-face with the reality that life is more than sport.
McGrady,29,writes on his website that he~aveled to Africa because he was tired of only
reading about it in news.“Who were the faces behind the statistics?”He said.“I needed to see it
formyself.
And he did.He stepped out of his large house and flew to a place torn to bits by war and
famine.He slept in a tent.He kept away from minefields.He talked with people who have been
suffering.And he swallowed his pride.
But no one should blame McGrady for wanting to buy the kids a pitch of grass.Spon gave
him a chance,so perhaps he thought it would do the same for the refugees.
McGrady was eyed by NBA managers as a teenager and he didn’t bother going to college.
Instead,he leaped right into the NBA.Since that move,basketball has given him a handsome living,but one very far removed from the lives of ordinary people
As McGrady would learn in Africa,most people see sports as just a break from life’s
difficulties.They don’t mistake it for 1ife
itself.
Only McGrady knows how this
Africa trip changed him,but I’d bet that,
at the very least,it has given him a new
sense for what is truly meaningful.
McGrady doesn’t own an NBA
championship ring.He hasn’t risen to the
heights of Kobe Bryant or Michael Jordan.
But,perhaps,now he knows he doesn’t have to in order to truly make a difference in the world
59.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.While in Africa,McGrady behaved considerately.
B.The trip to Africa has changed McGrady’s fife totally.
C.McGrady should be blamed for wanting to buy kids grass.
D.McGrady suffered as much as the African kids in his childhood.
60.What does the underlined word“eyed”'in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A.Mtnessed. B.Selected. C.Examined.D Researched.
61.After becoming an NBAplayer,McGrady
A.1eads a different life from ordinary people
B.1ives far away from other people
C.was once removed from NBA
D.refused to go to college
62.In this passage,the writer mainly tells us
A.McGrady took a trip to
B.African peoplelead a poor life today
C.African people don’t take sport for life
D.McGrady offered his help to African children
C
A machine which makes water out of
air could become the greatest household
invention since the microwave.
Using the same technology as a
dehumiditier(除濕器),the Water Mill is
able to create a ready supply of drinking
water by getting it from a limitless source-
the air.
The company behind the machine says
not only does it offer all altemative to
bottled water in developed countries,but it is a solution for the millions who face a dally water
shortage.
The machine works by drawing in damp air through a filter and over a cooling element which
changes it into water droplets.It call produce up to 12 liters a day.The Water Mill will also produce more water when storms pass over,as the humidity(濕度)in the air increases.In keeping with its ecodevelopment,the machine uses the same amount ofelectricity as three fight bulbs.
Inventor Jonathan Ritchey said:‘'The demand for water is off the chart.People are looking
for freedom from water distribution systems that are shaky and unreliable”.
The machine,which is about 3 feet wide,is likely to cost£800 when it goes on sale here
in the spring.Its maker,Canadian firm Element Four,estimates(估計(jì))that a liter of water will
cost around 20 pence to produce.
Environmentalists claim half the world’s population will face water shortage because of
climate change by 2080.One in five humans is said to lack access to safe drinking water.
TheWaterMillis not effectivein areaswith below about 30 percent relative humidity,but
with average relative
humidity in
issue here. ,
63.According to the author,the biggest advantage of the machine is its .
A.little power use B.proper size C.unlimited source D.high production
64.We can conclude from the passage that the machine .
A.carl beused everywhere
C.has notbeen on sale
B.will replace the water distribution system
D.will solve the problem of water shortage
65.What is necessary for the machine to work?
A?Enough air. B.Enough humidity. C.Enough water.D.Enough containers.
66.What would be the best title for this passage?
A.Machine to Make Water out ofAir B.Microwave for Household Use
C.Filter to Draw in
Damp Air
D.Modem Dehumidifier on
D
Just as the stock(股票)market rises and falls in response to what people are wilting to put
their money behind,we have inside ourselves an inner economy that rises and falls in response
to our beliefs about what is possible.Sometimes the degree to which we are willing to challenge
our belief systems determines the success of our inner economy For example,imagine that your
family of origin had a befief that musical talent was not something they possessed.As a member
of that group,you would likely hold that sanle belief about yourself.As a result,even ifyou had
a great desire to create music,you might be hesitant to really get behind yourself,fearing that your inVestment(投資)would not pay off.Even if you had the courage to follow your passion.
your inner belief that you are not born talented would probably be a major obstacle to investing
your energy in your dream.
On the other hand.If you found away to release that negative belief,agreat flood of energy would pour forth,greatly increasing the likefihood of your success.How much energy we are
wilting to invest in the various ideas,dreams,and visions we carry within is like the mollev
people are,or are not,willing to invest in the various products available for wade on the stock
market.And in both cases,belief plays a key role in determining how willing we are to get
behind something.One way to open up the possibility for greater snccess in our inner economies
is to understand that belief is not the reliable guide we sometimes think.There are other more
reliable things of success that we can put our faith in,such as passion,feeling,and sense.Some
of the most successful investors in the stock market are the ones that go against the grain.
trusting their sense over the common opinion held by common people about what will work.
In the same way,we can learn to trust our heart’s desires and onr sense to guide us.
questioning any beliefs that stand in the way of our ability to fully invest in ourselves.As we
take out energy from limiting ideas about what is possible,we free up the resources that have the
power to make our inner economy prosper.
67.We can safely conclude from the first paragraph that
A.our befief is not reliable B。belief is not so important in our success
C.befiefis an obstacle to our Success D.our belief determines our Success in some way
68,According to the passage,if a family of origin has passion for literature,the members of the
family will probably
A.write poems B.hate hterature
C.enter the field of fiterature D.teach literature
69.We Call put our faith in the following things of success except .
A.passion B.feefing C.sense D.stock market
70.Thepurposeofthe authoris .
A.toteachus alesson
B.to give us some useful suggestions
C.to encourage us to invest in the stock market
D.to tell us conlinon people have negative beliefs
E
Someday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the websites
you’ve visited.Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or
cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.
In fact,it’s likely some of these things have already happened to you.Who would watch
you without your permission?It might be a girlfriend,a marketing company,a boss,a policeman
or a criminal.Whoever it is,they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen――the 21st
century equal to being caught naked(裸露的).
Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy,though it's important to reveal(透露)yourself
to friends,family and lovers in stages,at appropriate times.Actually few boundaries remain.The
digital breadcrumbs(面包屑)you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who
you are,where you are and what you like.In some cases,a simple Google search can reveal
what you think.Like it or not,increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret
The key question is:Does that matter?For many Americans.the answer apparently is”no”.
When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy,most say they are concerned about losing
it.A survey found a majority of people are pessimistic about privacy,with 60 percent of
respondents saying they feel their privacy is”slipping away,and that bothers me.’‘
But people say one thing and do another.Only a small part of Americans change
any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy.Few people turn down a discount at
tollbooths(收費(fèi)亭)to avoid using theEZ―Pass systemthat cantrack(跟蹤)automobile movements.And few tum down supermarket loyalty cards.Privacy economist Alessandro
Acquits has run a series of tests that reveal people will submit personal information like Social
Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(優(yōu)惠券).
But privacy does matter―at least sometimes.It's like health;when you have it,you don’t
notice it.Only when it’S gone do you wish you’d done more to protect it.
71.FromParagraph2,we can infer
A.Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology
B.People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age
C.In the 21st century people try every means to look into others’secrets
D.People’s personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge
72.What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends?
A.There should be a distance even between friends.
B.There should be fewer quarrels between friends
C.Friends should always be faithful to each other.
D.Friends should open their hearts to each other.
73.Why does the author say“we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret”?
A.Thereare alwayspeoplewhoare curious aboutothers’affairs.
B.Many search engines profit by reveafing people’S identities.
C.People leave traces around when using modem technology.
D.Modem society has finally developed into an open society.
74.What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?
A.They change behavios that might disclose their identity.
B.They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.
C.They rely more and more on electronic equipment.
D.They use various loyalty cards for business deals.
75.According to the passage,privacy is like health in that
A.its importance is rarely understood
B.itis something that Can easily be lost
C.people will make every effort to keep it
D.people don’t treasure it until they lose it
廈門市2009年高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查
英語試題
第二卷(非選擇題共35分)
注意事項(xiàng):用
第四部分寫作【共兩節(jié),滿分35分)
第一節(jié)短文填詞(共10小題,每小題1分,滿分10分)
閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)以下提示:1)漢語提示,2)首字母提示,3)語境提示,在每
個(gè)空格內(nèi)填人一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)挠⒄Z單詞,并將該詞完整地寫在右邊相對(duì)應(yīng)的橫線上。所填單詞
要求意義準(zhǔn)確,拼寫正確。
An American bestseller has been popular among the students in our
School (最近).It is so inspiring that 1 would like to recommend 76
it to you.This book,Chicken Soup for the Soul, w by Jack 77
Canfield,first appeared 1993 and soon became a bestseller. 78
It will surely inspire readers of all (年齡).It has been put into 79
many languages,spreading love to all over the world.B ,an English. 80
version is of g help to us English learners as it wil help improve 81
our English.It costs 64 yuan. you can get it for54.4yuan through 82
online shopping,which will (節(jié)省)you 9.6yuan.You Can order 83
it at www.dangdang.com,and g the book within one week after 84
your payment.For more please visit the website. 85
第二節(jié)書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)
You are Li Ming,the editor of an English magazine.This is part of the letter a middle
school student,Lin Tao,has sent you.Read it and write a letter of advice to him.
…
I’m a Senior 3 student.1 have to take English exams everytwo weeks.But the results are
always discouraging in spite of my great efforts.I don't know why.I 'm afraid something is
wrong with my English learning method.What’s worse,before each exam,I'm always feeling
nervous and cannot sleep well.Could you give me some suggestions?
…
In your letter of reply,you should include:
n Advice on how to improve Engfish,e.g.1istening,speaking...
n Advice on how to deal with exam anxiety.
n Other suggestions…
You should write l20 words or so,not including the given words and expressions.
廈門市2009年高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查
2009年全國(guó)中考語文作文大預(yù)測(cè)3
生活百態(tài),市井紛雜。人生的悲歡離合,命運(yùn)的酸甜苦辣,現(xiàn)實(shí)在這里搭建起一個(gè)個(gè)舞臺(tái)。深深淺淺的年華,若隱若現(xiàn)的時(shí)光。敘說著,警示著,行走著;用生命的綠葉作裝飾,引導(dǎo)通往心靈深處的路,守護(hù)著生活的純真,同時(shí)也奉獻(xiàn)著一顆無悔的心。從容與安閑,困惑與思考,采擷憂傷,編織美麗,笑對(duì)憂傷,彈侃人生,融入歷史文化,感受生活真諦。一絲燭光小語,一卷心靈底片,一束況味人生,一聲行走吟唱,化作輕盈雋永的文字,在人世間涓涓流淌。
缺了這些精神因素,再多的財(cái)富,也不能使自已快樂幸福和這個(gè)社會(huì)安寧而平穩(wěn)。于是,人們宜選月冷風(fēng)清竹木蔥濃的靈魂深處,為自己創(chuàng)建一座精神家園。精神家園,說大不大,說小不小,非常世界,建立精神的棲息地,是智慧生靈的義務(wù),每個(gè)人都有如此的權(quán)利。我們可以不美麗,但我們要健康。我們可以不偉大,但我們要莊嚴(yán)。我們可以不完滿,但我們?cè)谂。我們可以不要幸福,但我們要真誠。不要輕覷了事業(yè)對(duì)精神的濡養(yǎng)或反之對(duì)它的腐蝕作用,它以深遠(yuǎn)的力度和廣度,挾持著我們的精神。精神的家園一定要住進(jìn)你所愛好的事業(yè)。精神家園也要用樂觀來維護(hù),它在突然而來的不幸面前會(huì)給你力量。會(huì)把天地間的自然美化為精神的清泉濾凈你的浮躁,用精神的清泉滌凈你心靈的塵埃。在一種美妙的精神境界中蔓生出無限盎然的情趣和心境,不為名利所牽,不為欲望所累,使你的心靈變得沉靜安祥。事業(yè)增增日上。
美文閱讀
一粒種子的信念
我是一粒種子,一粒很不起眼的酸棗樹的種子。我被一農(nóng)家的主人購買,我想我今后將會(huì)過著無憂無慮的生活,“吃”著上好的肥料,“喝”著山頂流下的甘泉,主人將守護(hù)著我健康成長(zhǎng)……可是,沒有料到我卻成為不幸的一個(gè),由于主人的疏忽,車子絆到一塊石頭上顛了一下,我被甩了出來。
那是一個(gè)很不起眼的地方――一個(gè)石縫,荒涼而堅(jiān)硬。我也不奢望哪一天主人會(huì)突然想起他少了個(gè)我,于是,我便開始萌生一個(gè)信念:“活下去!”我要活下去,這是我唯一的希望。這時(shí)我感到身體下方可以吮吸到一些甘甜的水,感謝上天,給了我一線生的希望,我便堅(jiān)持不懈地天天吮吸它,身體也一天天膨脹起來了。
一天清晨,我突然感覺到風(fēng)的溫馨,“啊,我長(zhǎng)出了小芽……”此時(shí)我心潮澎湃,我總算活下來了,一個(gè)新生命定會(huì)受到關(guān)注吧!我想。“咦,姐姐快來看,石縫里冒出來了一個(gè)小芽!”一個(gè)小姑娘嚷道!澳侵皇且安!”姐姐心不在焉地笑著,天呀,我想大喊一聲:“為什么?為什么沒有人看得起我?”于是,我便又堅(jiān)定了一個(gè)信念:“活下去,并且要活得很精彩!”
我又開始了新的拼搏。
新的挑戰(zhàn)來臨時(shí),雨點(diǎn)打擊著我,洪水淹沒了我,我掙扎著,飄搖而頑強(qiáng)。烈日炙烤著我,云霧纏繞著我,我承受著,安詳而倔強(qiáng)?耧L(fēng)來了,我咬緊土地;野獸踩食過后,我就從活著的根上重新生長(zhǎng),終于,我的身體一天天強(qiáng)壯。
幾年過去了,我竟然長(zhǎng)成了一棵樹。雖然高不足尺,葉疏枝稀,但也果實(shí)累累。
空氣中有草木的芬芳,枝葉間有陽光的撫慰,枝頭上有鳥兒跳來跳去。生命終于有了自己的一方天地。這時(shí),兩位女子走來了“咦,姐,那不是你說的那棵野草,怎么……”姐姐頓時(shí)臉色緋紅:“這,這……竟然長(zhǎng)成了一棵樹?”“姐,你看葉子上的露水多么晶瑩剔透!”
姐姐抬起頭望著遠(yuǎn)方,緊鎖著眉,慚愧地說道:“我想,那是它的眼淚。”
不!眼淚是悲觀者的飾物,這是上天給執(zhí)著者頒發(fā)的勛章。
不能辜負(fù)上天的恩賜,要讓自己長(zhǎng)成一棵最高大,果實(shí)最多的酸棗樹……
精彩賞析
本文構(gòu)思很新穎,作者從一粒種子的角度來寫,寫一粒種子從被甩了出去開始,第一個(gè)信念是“活下去”,于是它長(zhǎng)出了小芽,當(dāng)被人們誤認(rèn)為是野草時(shí),第二個(gè)信念是“活下去,并且要活得精彩!苯K于身體一天天強(qiáng)壯,最后長(zhǎng)成一顆大樹。文章敘述很細(xì)膩。把一種成長(zhǎng)的過程很形象地描寫出來,種子的心理就是人的心理。故事生動(dòng)地闡釋了信念的作用和力量。
精神苦旅
馬冬麗
尋找古老華夏文明的源頭,雖然不知是《詩經(jīng)》還是《楚辭》,但早已經(jīng)載滿了希望,背負(fù)著沉甸甸的理想,之后便開始了這段精神苦旅。
臨江自哀
開始出發(fā)了,踏著彌漫的金色余輝,在汨羅江畔駐足,開始尋夢(mèng),尋得那位衣襟隨風(fēng)而飄,吟詠著“亦余心之所善兮,雖九死其猶未悔”的古人。屈原,為理想而獻(xiàn)身的智者,不知你是否聽到了我這穿越時(shí)空的呼喚?我的心,我的思緒已將過去的記憶燃燒,化成了斑斑的淚痕。
臨江而思,我感到了精神的芬芳從稀薄的余輝中透出了照人的光芒。沐浴這份圣潔,感受這份苦澀的靈氣。
登樓憶古
游跡天涯,在巴丘山下凝望古老而奢華的岳陽樓,它依然在風(fēng)塵之中演繹風(fēng)情。登臨這千古名勝,踏足于這充滿政治色彩的文化古跡,并沒有想像之中的人悠悠情悠悠,反而有一種莫名的憂郁,為“朝暉夕陰,氣象萬千”,為風(fēng)清月明,水光接天而郁郁寡歡。目送著遠(yuǎn)方的落日,“先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂”的政治情懷又增添了幾許豐富的內(nèi)涵。
登樓憶古,當(dāng)年的范仲淹因政治抱負(fù)不得施展而滿腹愁怨。而今,我在攬物之時(shí)無意中走到了他高潔的心靈,遙遠(yuǎn)的崇高精神所賦予的心境。
憑欄靜思
帶著絲絲凝重依然前行,在古欄邊逗留。“落日樓頭,斷鴻聲里,江南游子,把吳鉤看了,欄桿拍遍。”這就是辛棄疾的拍欄之處吧。古欄在晚風(fēng)中肅立,無聲亦無言,離我的目光千年之久?稍胄凉膼蹏(guó)志、報(bào)國(guó)情難以釋懷的苦衷。撫摸這曾被拍遍的欄桿,一種歷史的責(zé)任感油然而生,愿重返唐宋盛世,?(wèn,擦)英雄之淚。
憑欄而思,尋找古人舊事,故國(guó)千里春秋,逝去的歲月找不到盡頭,惟天邊的落水隨風(fēng)而去。放聲高歌,讓充盈著精神內(nèi)涵的血液澎湃全身。
殊不知,漫漫精神之旅源于多少文人墨客的辛酸歷程;澀澀的旅行,就像走入精神的煉獄;苦澀之中,我的精神得以升華,從此,帶著他們照耀千古的不朽精神奮然前行。
精彩賞析
本文采用聯(lián)想與想像的方法,為自己虛擬了一個(gè)“精神”旅游的線索,將我國(guó)歷史上三位著名的愛國(guó)文人的故事巧妙地串聯(lián)在一起,并賦予一定的精神內(nèi)涵。這三位著名的愛國(guó)文人,均屬于文采橫溢,理想高潔,愛國(guó)情感濃郁,而理想?yún)s不得施展的“落魄”之人,但他們都能堅(jiān)守自己的信念和理想,“處江湖之遠(yuǎn)而憂其君”,這種“雖遭陰謀密計(jì)”卻對(duì)國(guó)家對(duì)人民忠心耿耿的執(zhí)著精神,千載而下,世世代代為世人推崇和敬仰。作者如從此構(gòu)思行文,使得全文中心突出,線索明晰,情感濃郁而真摯。小標(biāo)題的運(yùn)用,在內(nèi)容上富有極強(qiáng)的概括性,并且使得全文結(jié)構(gòu)明晰而緊湊。全文語言生動(dòng)形象、富有詩意、極具哲理,耐人尋味。
2009年全國(guó)中考語文作文大預(yù)測(cè)2
6人當(dāng)中只有一人有手表。于是大家商定,由戴表的人每半小時(shí)通報(bào)一次。當(dāng)?shù)谝粋(gè)半小時(shí)過去的時(shí)候,戴表的礦工輕描淡寫地說:“過了半小時(shí)了!钡撬男睦飬s是異常地緊張和焦慮,因?yàn)檫@是在向大家通報(bào)死亡線的臨近。這時(shí)他突然靈機(jī)一動(dòng),決定不讓大家死得那么痛苦。第二個(gè)半小時(shí)到了,他沒有出聲,又過了一刻鐘,他打起精神說:“一個(gè)小時(shí)了。”其實(shí)時(shí)間已經(jīng)過了75分鐘。又過了一個(gè)小時(shí),戴表的礦工才第三次通報(bào)所謂的“半小時(shí)”。同伴們都以為時(shí)間只過了90分鐘,只有他知道,135分鐘已經(jīng)過去了。
事故發(fā)生四個(gè)半小時(shí)后,救援人員終于進(jìn)來了,令他們感到驚異的是,6人中竟有5人還活著,只有一個(gè)人窒息而死――他就是那個(gè)戴表的礦工。
這就是信念的力量。由于幸存者意識(shí)模糊,人們無法知道那位犧牲者是何時(shí)停止報(bào)時(shí)的,但他給了同伴求生的希望,自己卻因?yàn)橹勒嫦喽鴽]能堅(jiān)持到底。
一壺水
一隊(duì)考古隊(duì)員在沙漠迷了路,在水源極度缺乏的情況下,隊(duì)長(zhǎng)拿著沉甸甸的最后一壺水說:“現(xiàn)在,我們只剩下一壺水了,要等到最困難時(shí)才能喝!”一路上隊(duì)員好多次渴得暈過去,但是隊(duì)長(zhǎng)都沒讓大家喝這壺水。最后他們終于走出了沙漠,隊(duì)員們欣喜若狂,讓隊(duì)長(zhǎng)拿出水來祝賀,隊(duì)長(zhǎng)舉起水壺,細(xì)細(xì)的沙子隨風(fēng)飛揚(yáng):“這是滿滿的一壺信念啊!”
珍珠與砂
有一粒砂,見到周圍的伙伴鉆進(jìn)蚌的體內(nèi)后,都變成了珍珠,羨慕不已,于是下決心向它們學(xué)習(xí),以證明自己的價(jià)值。它請(qǐng)求一只蚌讓自己鉆進(jìn)它的貝殼里,夢(mèng)想著變成一粒美麗的珍珠。沒過多久,砂的周身被蚌分泌出的白色粘液包裹起來,越裹越緊,讓它透不過氣來。砂想,原來變成珍珠的過程這么痛苦,我再也不要做什么珍珠了。砂終于禁不起痛苦的磨練,被蚌吐回了海底,而它的伙伴們都變成了美麗的珍珠。
珍珠與砂的價(jià)值天壤之別,可細(xì)想想,它們之間相差的又只是短短的那么一段過程和經(jīng)歷。人又何嘗不是如此呢?我們每個(gè)人原本都能成為一粒美麗的珍珠,卻往往因?yàn)榉N種個(gè)性上的弱點(diǎn)和行為上的偏差,失去了應(yīng)有的光澤和慧質(zhì),而僅僅是一粒砂。為什么不現(xiàn)在就除去人性中的弱點(diǎn),使自己更加完美呢?你也是一顆珍珠,就應(yīng)該照亮自己的人生。
精彩語段
1. 如果要闡釋中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的道德觀念,我想歸根結(jié)底在于一個(gè)“義”字。“義”又可以分為“大義”和“小義”。為國(guó)家為社稷奔走籌劃是為大義。在中國(guó)古代,文人或隱或仕,都不忘憂國(guó)憂民,這就是心懷大義。入仕的,身在廟堂而心憂天下蒼生;位卑也不敢忘國(guó)憂,即使是流落江湖也依然是“國(guó)家興亡,匹夫有責(zé)”。隱逸的,無論是隱于山林或是隱于市,心中也必有憂思。因?yàn)槿绻皇菆?zhí)著于道義而對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)失望的話就不必隱了。名利當(dāng)然可以拋下,義卻不能拋,隱逸就是為了捍衛(wèi)道義。從范仲淹的“先天下之憂而憂,后天下之樂而樂”到東林黨人的事事關(guān)心,都表達(dá)了一種大仁大義,也表現(xiàn)了中國(guó)人傳統(tǒng)的家國(guó)觀念。至于小義,則是講個(gè)人的自我修養(yǎng)歷練;講家庭的和睦,父慈子孝,兄弟友愛,夫妻相敬;講處世的行止進(jìn)退得體合禮。這一切都有道德的存在。無論是大義還是小義,它們都屬于一種道德規(guī)范力量。何為真,何為美,何為善,何為仁義,何為忠孝,這些概念的認(rèn)知無一不是源于中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)精神文明中的道德觀和價(jià)值觀。即使天不怕地不怕如李逵,在施耐庵筆下也要當(dāng)一個(gè)乖兒子,畏懼他的“宋江哥哥”。也就是說即使李逵上了梁山,他也必須服從傳統(tǒng)的道德精神。而且當(dāng)朝廷成為了“不義”的一方時(shí),相對(duì)的,梁山就成為“義”的代表。
2. 道德是人與人關(guān)系的紐帶,也是必然存在。它不等同于法律,而是具有很大的彈性空間。道德對(duì)人的約束是無形的,多靠人的自覺性、個(gè)人修養(yǎng)以及社會(huì)輿論監(jiān)督。
3. 很多道德觀念具有悠久的歷史,通過長(zhǎng)期的思維訓(xùn)練,已成為一種觀念上的烙印,世代傳承。如基本的餓尊奉父母、愛護(hù)幼小,以及其它的倫理道德觀。在一個(gè)社會(huì)中,如果缺少道德的約束力,人類活動(dòng)就缺乏秩序,陷入混亂,人與人之間關(guān)系的凝和劑則顯得蒼白無力。一旦脫離道德,社會(huì)秩序就猶如一匹脫韁的野馬,失去控制力,其后果是引發(fā)社會(huì)動(dòng)亂。道德的存在保證了社會(huì)活動(dòng)的正常運(yùn)作,好比人類的生存離不開氧氣一樣。這是道德存在的價(jià)值。
4. 人若能持之以恒,那么天下無事不成。如果沒有玄奘的堅(jiān)持不懈,歷經(jīng)艱難險(xiǎn)阻,就沒有《大唐西域記》一書的出版;如果沒有徐霞客的持之以恒,跋山涉水,就沒有《本草綱目》的出現(xiàn)。這也正說明了在我們的人生中,需要有堅(jiān)持的信念。瞧,那藍(lán)藍(lán)的……
5. 在狹小的盆中,你不甘蜷縮,你把根伸向大地深處,汲取甜美的清泉,你把生的氣息呼向宇宙的漩渦,你高昂著頭,微笑,你堅(jiān)信自己會(huì)開出最美的花朵。?
一個(gè)狂風(fēng)暴雨的日子,我曾試圖把你搬進(jìn)屋中,然而我卻失敗了,你的根已從花盆底部伸出,牢牢地抓住了大地母親的胸脯,你在告訴我:"在母親身邊,這點(diǎn)痛算什么?"不是嗎?
你以堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的信念,沖破了人為的牢籠,以不拔的意志不斷地汲取著,你宣誓:要回報(bào)給世界以最美好的。?
風(fēng)雨中的清冷,黑夜里的寂寞,烈日的炙烤和姹紫嫣紅的嘲笑,你都經(jīng)歷過;當(dāng)美麗的蝴蝶飛離的時(shí)候,你也曾悵然過,然而,為了自己的宣言,你卻堅(jiān)守著獨(dú)自的執(zhí)著。?
當(dāng)萬紫千紅不再,當(dāng)黃葉不再翻飛的時(shí)候,你把一年的積蓄全獻(xiàn)了出來,清淡高雅,微薄透明的秋的空氣中,于是充滿了菊的清香,你仍舊微笑著,猶如神話中的白雪公主,猶如出嫁前滿臉羞紅的新娘,猶如心中那金燦燦的希望在飛翔……?
6. 漫漫人生路,誰沒有對(duì)自己或親人在心中暗立誓言?幾多艱難困苦,誓言依舊清晰。妹妹那明亮渴求的眼眸,弟弟那稚嫩的肩膀,母親那漸白的頭發(fā)以及冽冽北風(fēng)中破大衣上的絲線在隨風(fēng)飄揚(yáng)的圖景,攫住了我的心。為了我,他們失去了應(yīng)有的,我為自己的慚弱而慚愧,然而菊告訴我:現(xiàn)在還不到慚愧的時(shí)候,為信念必須堅(jiān)持到最后!
我被警醒了:鼓足勇氣,為了心中的信念大步向前進(jìn)發(fā)吧,要把自己索取的變成最美好的奉獻(xiàn)。于是,蘊(yùn)含著菊香的空中傳來了海子的歌聲:?
走在路上,放聲歌唱,?
大風(fēng)刮過山崗,?
前面是無邊的天空……?
這菊香與歌聲滲透了我的心底,直到永遠(yuǎn)。
7. 精神家園好比人的心靈,應(yīng)該比大地、海洋和天空都更為博大,宰相肚里能撐船,也讓我們敬仰有余。人的心靈活動(dòng),應(yīng)該是一顆博大的心胸,才盛得下生活中的喜怒哀樂,輸?shù)贸隽α,才能克服看人毛病易,看己毛病難;有知人之明已屬不易,有自知之明則更是難上加難。而人們想要追求的精神,也正是想要重新找回自已的渴望精神,渴望激情,哪怕它會(huì)帶來傷痛;人們不喜歡自己的精神像死水般平靜,無漣漪層層,碧荷裊香,葉上初陽干宿雨,水面清圓,無風(fēng)碧荷舉的盎然春景;亦無魚兒戲蓮間,燕子斜飛輕風(fēng)微雨的纏綿春意。
重慶市萬州二中2009屆高三3月月考
理綜試卷
本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分。滿分300分?荚嚂r(shí)間150分鐘
相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量(原子量): O:16 Al:27 Si:28 Cl:35.5 N:14 H:1
第I卷(選擇題 126分)
選擇題(本大題共21小題,每題6分,共126分,每題只有一個(gè)答案正確)
A.由造血干細(xì)胞形成的a、b、c細(xì)胞內(nèi)蛋白質(zhì)的種類有所不同
B.①②③過程都需要細(xì)胞膜上糖被的參與
C.①②③④過程屬于體液免疫的反應(yīng)階段,⑥過程屬于效應(yīng)階段
D.Y主要在內(nèi)環(huán)境中發(fā)揮作用,與Y合成和分泌有關(guān)的膜性細(xì)胞器有內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)、高爾基體和線粒體
2.某種藥用植物合成藥物1和藥物2的途徑如下圖所示:基因A和基因b分別位于兩對(duì)同源染色體上。下列敘述不正確的是
A.基因型是AAbb或Aabb的植株能同時(shí)合成兩種藥物
B.若某植株只能合成一種藥物,則必定是藥物1
C.基因型為AaBb的植株自交,后代有9種基因型和4種表現(xiàn)型
D.基因型為AaBb的植株自交,后代中能合成藥物2的個(gè)體占3/16
3.對(duì)下圖中甲~丁圖的描述中,正確的是
A.圖甲是生活在適宜環(huán)境中的C3,植物光合作用部分過程圖解,A、B、C表示化合物,a、b表示生理過程,則c能為b過程提供還原劑,但不能提供能量
B.圖乙曲線表示水稻葉片光合作用的強(qiáng)度。如果該圖表示甘蔗葉片的光合作用強(qiáng)度,則a點(diǎn)應(yīng)向右側(cè)移動(dòng)
C.圖丙中,b點(diǎn)限制光合作用強(qiáng)度的外部因素主要是光照強(qiáng)度,如果A、B曲線分別代表人參和小麥兩種植物的光合作用強(qiáng)度,那么曲線B應(yīng)代表小麥
D.圖丁表示用相同培養(yǎng)液在相同光下分別培養(yǎng)小球藻,則裝置a的試管中小球藻繁殖速度加快、而裝置b的試管中小球藻繁殖速度要減慢
4.血糖的平衡對(duì)于保證高等動(dòng)物體內(nèi)各種組織和器官的能量供應(yīng)有著非常重要的意義。下圖表示某高等動(dòng)物體內(nèi)血糖平衡的調(diào)節(jié)示意圖(圖中甲、乙、丙表示結(jié)構(gòu):①、②、③表示激素;“(+)表示促進(jìn)作用”,“(―)表示抑制作用”)。下列說法中,不正確的是
A.結(jié)構(gòu)甲是胰島B細(xì)胞,結(jié)構(gòu)乙是胰島A細(xì)胞,結(jié)
構(gòu)丙是腎上腺
B.結(jié)構(gòu)乙增加分泌激素②會(huì)抑制結(jié)構(gòu)甲分泌激素①
C.結(jié)構(gòu)丙分泌的激素③和結(jié)構(gòu)乙分泌的激素②在調(diào)
節(jié)血糖濃度方面是協(xié)同作用
D.血糖平衡的調(diào)節(jié)方式包括激素調(diào)節(jié)和神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)
5.將大腸桿菌接種到適宜的細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)基上,加蓋后,以不同的方式處理,并放置在不同的溫度環(huán)境中,培養(yǎng)24小時(shí)后,觀察所得結(jié)果列表如下。根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果所作出的下列判斷中,錯(cuò)誤的是
編號(hào)
a
b
c
d
e
f
處理方法
接種大腸桿菌
接種大腸桿菌,并覆一吸有抗生素X的圓紙片
接種大腸桿菌,并覆一吸有抗生素Y的圓紙片
接種大腸桿菌,表面全被醋覆蓋
接種大腸桿菌
無接
種菌
溫度
觀察結(jié)果
全表面呈渾濁
紙片周圍呈現(xiàn)一片清晰區(qū),其余表面呈渾濁
全表面呈渾濁
全表面
清晰
全表面清晰
全表面清晰
A.編號(hào)a和f比較可知,有大腸桿菌培養(yǎng)基的表面會(huì)變渾濁
B.根據(jù)編號(hào)b和c的觀察結(jié)果,可知抗生素Y比抗生素X的殺菌能力強(qiáng)
C.將編號(hào)e和a的結(jié)果比較可知,
D.若揭開編號(hào)f的蓋子,24小時(shí)后可觀察到培養(yǎng)基表面會(huì)出現(xiàn)渾濁
6.以下性質(zhì)的比較中正確的是( )
A.分子的穩(wěn)定性:H2O >H2S> HCl B.微粒半徑:O2-<F-<Na+<Li+
C.單質(zhì)熔點(diǎn):Li>Na>K>Rb D.酸性:HF>HCl>HBr>HI
7.用NA代表阿伏加德羅常數(shù),下列說法中正確的是( )
A.
B.標(biāo)況下,
C.用V2O5作催化劑,在密閉容器中加熱lmol Q2和2mol SO2可生成2NA個(gè)SO3分子
D.
8.實(shí)驗(yàn)是研究化學(xué)的基礎(chǔ),下圖中所示的實(shí)驗(yàn)方法、裝置或操作完全正確的是( )
9.下列離子方程式書寫正確的是( )
A.在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下,
CO2 + 2 OH- = CO32- + H2O
B.尼泊金酸()與碳酸氫鈉溶液反應(yīng):
+2HCO3-→+2CO2↑+2H2O
C.電解飽和硫酸鈉溶液時(shí)的陰極反應(yīng):2H++2e-=H2↑
D.向漂白粉溶液中通入SO2氣體:Ca2++2ClO-+SO2+H2O=CaSO3↓+2HClO
c(OH-)=c(NH+4)
B.10mL 0.02mol?L-1HCl溶液與10mL 0.02mol?L-1Ba(OH)2溶液充分混合,若混合后溶液的體積為20ml,則溶液的pH=7
C.在0.1mol?L-1CH3COONa溶液中,c(OH-)=c(CH3COOH)+c(H+)
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