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重慶市十二校2OO9年高三第一次質(zhì)量調(diào)研抽測(cè)試卷

文科綜合能力測(cè)試    2009.03

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。滿分300分?荚嚂r(shí)間150分鐘。

第I卷(選擇題,共140分)

本部分共35題,每題4分,共140分。在每題給出的四個(gè)答案選項(xiàng)中,只有一項(xiàng)是最符合題目要求的。

圖1中P地季節(jié)性受西風(fēng)影響,Q地常年受西風(fēng)影響,P、Q兩地西側(cè)均為海洋,40°為緯度,讀圖回答1~3題。


1.以下四地中,P地最可能為

A.開(kāi)普敦            B.舊金山            C.雅典              D.悉尼

2.Q地近地面的風(fēng)向?yàn)?/p>

A.東北風(fēng)            B.東南風(fēng)           C.西北風(fēng)           D.西南風(fēng)

3.若P、Q與4O°的緯度差均為5°,則P、Q兩地一年中最大太陽(yáng)高度之差為

A.O°      

B.5°      

C.1O°    

D.不能確定

 

讀世界某區(qū)域圖(圖2),回答4~6題。

4.導(dǎo)致該區(qū)域七月12℃等溫線在甲處發(fā)生彎曲的因素是

A.地形                 B.暖流                C.寒流                D.徑流

5.關(guān)于乙處湖泊類型描述,正確的一組是

A.構(gòu)造湖  內(nèi)流湖                           B.火口湖  外流湖

C.海跡湖  咸水湖                           D.冰蝕湖  淡水湖

6.丙處的陸地水平自然帶是

A.溫帶落葉闊葉林帶                            B.苔原帶     

C.亞寒帶針葉林帶                              D.溫帶草原帶

 

圖3中a、b是北半球某地理要素等值線,且a>b。M、N分別位于圖中a、b線之中點(diǎn)。讀圖回答7~9題。

7.若a、b是緯線,M、N在同一經(jīng)線上相距2220千米。當(dāng)國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間為6點(diǎn)時(shí),M地為正午,其太陽(yáng)高度角為O°。同時(shí),觀測(cè)到北極星的高度為70°。則N地可能

A.晝長(zhǎng)夜短                              B.受冷高壓控制

C.是一年中正午太陽(yáng)高度最小時(shí)刻          D.河流出現(xiàn)凌汛

8.若a、b是等壓線,則M地

A.盛行偏南風(fēng)                           B.氣溫略高于N地

C.受快行冷鋒影響                       D.以晴朗天氣為主

9.若a、b表示等潛水位線,MN表示某河段,下列說(shuō)法正確的是

A.河水補(bǔ)給地下水                       B.河流水能資源豐富

       C.河水由N流向M                      D.河流東岸侵蝕嚴(yán)重

 

讀三維坐標(biāo)圖(圖4),回答1O~11題。

10.若X、Y、Z分別表示影響河流航運(yùn)價(jià)值的地形、流量、經(jīng)濟(jì)等條件,箭頭方向表示條件越來(lái)越好,①、②、③、④點(diǎn)中最能體現(xiàn)萊茵河航運(yùn)價(jià)值的是

A.①      

B.②       

C.③      

D.④

11.若X、Y、Z分別表示工業(yè)污染中的大氣污染、水污染、固體廢棄物污染,箭頭方向表示污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,①體現(xiàn)了下列哪種工業(yè)的污染狀況

A.鋼鐵廠                   B.水泥廠                   C.化工廠                D.造紙廠

 

嫦娥奔月、太空行走……我國(guó)的航天技術(shù)已經(jīng)走在世界前列。歷史上,我國(guó)在天文方面所取得的成就也十分令人矚目;卮12~13題。

12.太陽(yáng)黑子是太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)中最基本的現(xiàn)象。我國(guó)被世界公認(rèn)留下了有關(guān)太陽(yáng)黑子的最早記錄,這二記錄出現(xiàn)于

A.春秋                B.戰(zhàn)國(guó)                C.西漢               D.東漢

13.我國(guó)古代,提出“歷之本在于測(cè)驗(yàn),而測(cè)驗(yàn)之器莫先儀表”的觀點(diǎn),并創(chuàng)制了簡(jiǎn)儀和高表等近二十件天文觀測(cè)儀器,主持編定了一年周期與現(xiàn)行公歷基本相同的歷法的科學(xué)家是

A.祖沖之            B.一行               C.沈括              D.郭守敬

 

貨幣是社會(huì)機(jī)體正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的血液。回答14~15題。

14.下列關(guān)于圖5所示貨幣的表述,不正確的是

A.是秦朝統(tǒng)一貨幣的實(shí)證      

B.成為中國(guó)以后歷代貨幣的范式

C.有利于促進(jìn)封建經(jīng)濟(jì)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展       

D.加強(qiáng)了中央集權(quán),有利于統(tǒng)一國(guó)家的鞏固

15.宋、元、明、清時(shí)期,賦稅征收貨幣,是當(dāng)時(shí)國(guó)家財(cái)政的一個(gè)大勢(shì)。1581年,明朝實(shí)行一條鞭法,改革賦役制度,下列有關(guān)這一制度實(shí)的社會(huì)背景的表述,正確的是①糧食總產(chǎn)量大幅增加,一地區(qū)出現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)商品化  ②資本主義萌芽  ③對(duì)外貿(mào)易興盛,在整個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的份額較大  ④階級(jí)矛盾尖銳

A.①②③④        B.①②③            C.①②④          D.②③④

16.近代史上,我國(guó)寶島臺(tái)灣是列強(qiáng)垂涎的地區(qū)之一。通過(guò)第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),列強(qiáng)強(qiáng)迫清政府在臺(tái)灣島開(kāi)放的通商口岸是

A.淡水、臺(tái)灣        B.新竹、基隆        C.臺(tái)北、大甲        D.彰化、嘉義

17.下列清政府與列強(qiáng)簽訂的不平等條約,涉及外國(guó)人在通商口岸有傳教權(quán)的是

①《南京條約》     ②《黃埔條約》      ③《天津條約》        ④《北京條約》

A.①③              B.①④             C.①②③           D.②③④

18.漢陽(yáng)鐵廠是洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)期間創(chuàng)辦的近代企業(yè)。下列關(guān)于該企業(yè)的表述,正確的是

A.是洋務(wù)派代表人物張之洞創(chuàng)辦的軍事工業(yè)     

B.是長(zhǎng)江流域唯一的洋務(wù)企業(yè)

C.創(chuàng)辦于洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)后期                        

D.為創(chuàng)建中國(guó)近代海軍制造了部分艦船

l9.章開(kāi)沅先生說(shuō):“1895年中國(guó)有三個(gè)人各自作出自己一生最重要的選擇:康有為選擇了變法,孫中山選擇了革命,張謇選擇了實(shí)業(yè)”。他們的共同目標(biāo)是

A.挽救中華民族危亡                       B.結(jié)束清政府腐朽統(tǒng)治

C.建立資產(chǎn)階級(jí)專政                      D.喚起各階層人士與列強(qiáng)抗?fàn)?/p>

20.圖6中,在清宮皇帝御座上,坐著三個(gè)耀武揚(yáng)威的外國(guó)侵略者。這一屈辱的情景出現(xiàn)于

A.鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中                 

B.第二次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中

C.甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中                

D.八國(guó)聯(lián)軍侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中

21.圖7中的情景最早出現(xiàn)于

A.1924年             

B.1927年             

C.1931年            

D.1937年

22.1943年,國(guó)民政府分別與英美等簽訂協(xié)議,宣布英美等國(guó)攫取的治外法權(quán)等一些特權(quán)被廢除。這反映了

A.國(guó)民政府摒棄向西方列強(qiáng)妥協(xié)的政策           

B.西方列強(qiáng)停止實(shí)施侵略中國(guó)的政策

C.中國(guó)在世界反法西斯戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中具有重要作用       

D.中國(guó)的綜合實(shí)力明顯增強(qiáng)

23.1946年政治協(xié)商會(huì)議與1949年中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議的共同之處在于

A.召開(kāi)的地點(diǎn)都在北平   

B.都體現(xiàn)了黨派協(xié)商的精神

C.都通過(guò)了《和平建國(guó)綱領(lǐng)》 

D.都選舉了新的中央政府

 

我國(guó)財(cái)政部、發(fā)改委正醞釀擴(kuò)大2009年國(guó)債發(fā)行規(guī)模,其總量有望達(dá)到2000億元;卮24~26題。

24.發(fā)行國(guó)債是 

A.國(guó)家財(cái)政收入的重要來(lái)源                B.國(guó)家財(cái)政支出的重要方面

C.穩(wěn)健貨幣政策的重要內(nèi)容                D.從緊貨幣政策的重要內(nèi)容

25.國(guó)債不同于公司債之處在于

A.它的利率更高                          B.它不一定用貨幣來(lái)購(gòu)買

C.購(gòu)買國(guó)債具有強(qiáng)制性                  D.它有更高的信用度

26.當(dāng)前我國(guó)擴(kuò)大國(guó)債發(fā)行規(guī)模,主要意義在于

①有利于防止全面通貨膨脹         ②有利于刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展         ③有利于防止經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱         ④有利于改善民生

A.①②                B.③④                C.②③               D.②④

27.市場(chǎng)上存在“買漲不買跌”,的現(xiàn)象。這種現(xiàn)象的存在,是由

A.人們的心理因素決定的                B.國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策決定的

C.價(jià)值規(guī)律的作用決定的                  D.居民收入的水平?jīng)Q定的

時(shí)間

股票名稱

股價(jià)(元)

2008.1O.31.13:OO

貴州茅臺(tái)

92.18

2008.1O.31.13:OO

五糧液

12.32

28.

 

 

 

 

 

兩支股票價(jià)格相比,貴州茅臺(tái)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于五糧液,這是由于

A.二者銀行利息率不同                    B.二者產(chǎn)品的社會(huì)必要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)時(shí)間不同

C.二者產(chǎn)品的個(gè)別勞動(dòng)時(shí)間不同            D.二者的股息不同

29.我國(guó)政府通過(guò)政府補(bǔ)貼的方式,鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民消費(fèi),比如購(gòu)買電器等。政府采取這一措施,表明

①政府堅(jiān)持落實(shí)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀      ②政府堅(jiān)持對(duì)人民負(fù)責(zé)的組織活動(dòng)原則       ③政府堅(jiān)持履行政治職能和經(jīng)濟(jì)職能          ④政府堅(jiān)持完善社會(huì)保障體系

A.①②               B.③④               C.①③              D.②④

3O.電子商務(wù)被人稱為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和傳統(tǒng)商業(yè)的天作之合,人們可以通過(guò)網(wǎng)上商店購(gòu)買商品。對(duì)網(wǎng)上出售的商品的正確認(rèn)識(shí)是

A.它具有互聯(lián)網(wǎng)所具有的虛擬特性          B.它是使用價(jià)值和價(jià)值的統(tǒng)一

C.它有價(jià)格而無(wú)價(jià)值                    D.它只能用網(wǎng)上Q幣購(gòu)買

31.在全球金融危機(jī)的寒流下,為應(yīng)對(duì)外需銳減,拉動(dòng)出口,應(yīng)采取的正確措施是①提高出口退稅率  ②提高出口企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力  ③促進(jìn)人民幣升值  ④積極擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需

A.①②            B.③④                C.①③              D.②④

32.我國(guó)可以管轄的300萬(wàn)平方公里海域,有52%與鄰國(guó)有爭(zhēng)議,對(duì)此,我國(guó)建立了全海域定期巡航維權(quán)制度,以顯示我國(guó)對(duì)爭(zhēng)議海域管轄的能力與決心。這表明

A.當(dāng)代國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的實(shí)質(zhì)是綜合國(guó)力的較量    B.世界多極化趨勢(shì)不可逆轉(zhuǎn)

C.主權(quán)是國(guó)家的生命和靈魂                D.我國(guó)實(shí)行獨(dú)立自主的和平外交政策

33.2008年5月28日尼泊爾廢除了君主立憲制,改行聯(lián)邦民主共和制。君主立憲制和民主共和制的區(qū)別在于

A.有無(wú)議會(huì)          B.有無(wú)政黨           C.有無(wú)君主          D.有無(wú)民主

34.黨的十七大代表中從事農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村工作的部分基層同志和研究農(nóng)業(yè)、農(nóng)村、農(nóng)民問(wèn)題的部分專家學(xué)者列席了十七屆三中全會(huì)。這在歷史上是頭一次。這表明

①黨內(nèi)民主進(jìn)一步落實(shí)和推進(jìn)      ②國(guó)家民主、人民民主進(jìn)一步落實(shí)和推進(jìn)     ③黨的民主集中制進(jìn)一步完善          ④黨中央決策更為民主化、科學(xué)化

A.④                   B.①③               C.①③④            D.①②③④

35.海協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)陳云林于2008年11月初參訪臺(tái)灣,與海基會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)江丙坤會(huì)談。在臺(tái)北就兩岸海運(yùn)、空運(yùn)、郵政、食品安全等議題簽署了四項(xiàng)協(xié)議,使兩岸同胞渴望了3O年之久的兩岸直接通航、通郵變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。這表明

A.臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題是我國(guó)的內(nèi)政問(wèn)題,不容他國(guó)插手  

B.“一國(guó)兩制”偉大構(gòu)想在臺(tái)灣得到實(shí)現(xiàn)

C.祖國(guó)的完全統(tǒng)一是大勢(shì)所趨、人心所向     

D.和平方式是實(shí)現(xiàn)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一的唯一方式

 

 

 

 

第Ⅱ卷(綜合題,共160分)

36.(36分)閱讀下列材料,回答有關(guān)問(wèn)題。

材料一:2008年10月14日,中國(guó)和俄羅斯在黑瞎子島上舉行“中俄界碑揭牌儀式”,黑瞎子島一半領(lǐng)土回歸中國(guó),又一塊游離多年的中國(guó)領(lǐng)土回到了祖國(guó)懷抱。


材料二:東北亞局部圖及黑瞎子島示意圖(圖8)

(1)與黑瞎子島成因相同的島嶼是(    )(2分)

A.臺(tái)灣島          B.崇明島            C.大堡礁            D.撒丁島

(2)甲城市是      ,該城市形成的主要區(qū)位因素是              ,乙、丙兩條鐵路線的名稱分別是            、                。(8分)

(3)丁所處的地形區(qū)是              ,該處是我國(guó)最大的沼澤分布區(qū),試述該地區(qū)形成沼澤的原因。(10分)

(4)說(shuō)出俄羅斯工業(yè)向東發(fā)展,興建的兩大工業(yè)區(qū)名稱,并分析影響該工業(yè)區(qū)與日本工業(yè)區(qū)主導(dǎo)區(qū)位因素的差異。(8分)

(5)比較A、B兩地冬季降水量的差異及原因。(8分)

 37.(32分)閱讀下列材料:

材料一:令行于民期年(一周年),秦民之國(guó)都言初令(新法令)之不便者以千數(shù)。于是太子犯法。衛(wèi)鞅(商鞅)曰:“法之不行,自上犯之!睂⒎ㄌ印L,君嗣也,不可施刑,刑其傅公子虔,黥其師公孫賈。明日,秦人皆趨令。行之十年,秦民大說(shuō)(悅)……鄉(xiāng)邑大治。秦民初言令不便者有來(lái)言令便者,衛(wèi)鞅曰“此皆亂化之民也”,盡遷之于邊城。其后民莫敢議令。

――《史記?商君列傳》

材料三:應(yīng)侯(范雎)問(wèn)孫卿子(荀子)曰:“入秦何見(jiàn)?”孫卿子曰:“……入境,觀其風(fēng)俗,其百姓樸……古之民也。及都邑官府,其百吏肅然,莫不恭儉敦敬……古之吏也。入其國(guó),觀其士大夫,出于其門,入于公門,出于公門,歸于其家,無(wú)有私事也;不比周,不朋黨(不結(jié)黨營(yíng)私,蒙蔽君主)……古之士大夫也。觀其朝廷,其朝間聽(tīng)決百事不留(朝廷議事決斷,問(wèn)題不積壓)……古之朝也……故曰:佚而治,約而詳,不煩而功,治之至也(政治廉明高效,國(guó)家得到了最好的治理)……然而縣之以王者之功名,則倜倜然其不及遠(yuǎn)矣(與以仁義治天下的王道相比,差得較遠(yuǎn))!

------《荀子?強(qiáng)國(guó)》

材料三:“法制”就是指法律制度……而“法治”即法的統(tǒng)治(Rule of Law),法律至上,標(biāo)志著民主政治……“法治”的本質(zhì)不是“治民”,而是“民治”,是人民當(dāng)家作主治理國(guó)家、行使民主權(quán)利的形式和保障;應(yīng)當(dāng)把法律看成是人民自己創(chuàng)造出來(lái)用以規(guī)范自己行為,保障自己權(quán)益的社會(huì)公約,是維護(hù)自己合法權(quán)利的工具,它具有至上的權(quán)威。

――童光政《二十世紀(jì)中國(guó)法制文明的演進(jìn)》

請(qǐng)回答:

(1)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期,面對(duì)原有統(tǒng)治秩序崩潰的形勢(shì),不同的人提出了不同的“處方”。分析:材料一,指出戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期著名的法家代表人物衛(wèi)鞅采取的“處方”及其目的,并根據(jù)材料三指出作者對(duì)與上述相關(guān)的問(wèn)題的看法。(10分)

(2)材料二反映了秦國(guó)實(shí)施衛(wèi)鞅“處方”的結(jié)果,根據(jù)材料概括荀子對(duì)秦國(guó)的評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí),談?wù)勀銓?duì)衛(wèi)鞅“處方”的看法。(10分)

(3)材料三對(duì)“法制”作了怎樣的解釋?結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)回答,從南京國(guó)民政府覆滅到社會(huì)主義制度基本確立期間,我國(guó)在法制建設(shè)方面作了哪些重大努力?(8分)

(4)綜上,你得到哪些有益的啟示?(4分)

38.(32分)

    近期,甘肅、陜西、寧夏、湖南、湖北、山東、安徽、江西、江蘇等地陸續(xù)報(bào)告多起嬰幼兒泌尿系統(tǒng)結(jié)石病例。截至2008年9月12日,患者達(dá)6244例,死亡4例。經(jīng)查,患兒患病的主要原因是服用的“三鹿奶粉”中含有三聚氰氨。后對(duì)市場(chǎng)奶粉和液態(tài)奶進(jìn)行普查,發(fā)現(xiàn)伊利、蒙牛等品牌有的批次也含有三聚氰氨。三聚氰氨是一種非食品化工原料,按照國(guó)家規(guī)定,嚴(yán)禁用作食品添加物。我國(guó)約有1600萬(wàn)頭奶牛,80%為奶農(nóng)散養(yǎng)。三鹿等品牌奶粉中含有三聚氰氨,是在激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中不法分子為增加原料奶或奶粉中的蛋白含量以獲取不義之財(cái)而人為加入的。這是一起重大的食品安全事故。其危害巨大,有人甚至稱之為中國(guó)的“9?11”。

根據(jù)上述材料,結(jié)合所學(xué)知識(shí)回答(1)~(3)題。

(1)材料主要體現(xiàn)了有關(guān)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的怎樣的重要道理?為防止“三鹿奶粉”類似事件的重演,我國(guó)應(yīng)采取哪些必要的措施?(12分)

(2)從吊白塊到蘇丹紅,再到三聚氰氨,食品安全問(wèn)題屢屢發(fā)生。食品安全事故主要侵犯了消費(fèi)者哪些權(quán)益?消費(fèi)者應(yīng)如何維護(hù)自己的合法的消費(fèi)權(quán)益?(8分)

(3)溫家寶總理說(shuō):“有權(quán)必有責(zé)”。三鹿奶粉事件發(fā)生后,中央啟動(dòng)了“問(wèn)責(zé)制”,嚴(yán)肅處理了責(zé)任人,國(guó)家質(zhì)監(jiān)局局長(zhǎng)引咎辭職,石家莊市委書記被免職,石家莊另有6名市級(jí)干部也被免職。試用所學(xué)政治常識(shí)道理說(shuō)明我國(guó)為何要對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部實(shí)行問(wèn)責(zé)制?(12分)   

39.(60分)1978年,安徽省鳳陽(yáng)小崗村的18位農(nóng)戶冒險(xiǎn)“包產(chǎn)到戶”,拉開(kāi)了農(nóng)村土地改革的序幕!2008年1O月中共十七屆三中全會(huì)通過(guò)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村改革發(fā)展的決定,再次聚焦農(nóng)村土地改革。閱讀下列材料,回答相關(guān)問(wèn)題。

材料一:2007年到2008年,國(guó)際糧價(jià)一年內(nèi)的增長(zhǎng)超過(guò)50%,引起世界各國(guó)關(guān)注。

材料二:我國(guó)局部地區(qū)圖(圖9)

試題詳情

河北區(qū)2008―2009學(xué)年度高三年級(jí)總復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)二

數(shù)    學(xué)(文史類)

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分,共150分,考試用時(shí)120分鐘。

第Ⅰ卷 (選擇題  共50分)

試題詳情

重慶市萬(wàn)州二中2009屆高三3月月考

文綜試題

 

本試卷分Ⅰ(選擇題)和Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。滿分300分。

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共140)

試題詳情

河北區(qū)2008―2009學(xué)年度高三年級(jí)總復(fù)習(xí)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)(二)

語(yǔ)    文

本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷兩部分,共150分,考試用時(shí)150分鐘。第Ⅰ卷1至4頁(yè),第Ⅱ卷5至12頁(yè)。

第Ⅰ卷(33分)

試題詳情

重慶求精中學(xué)08-09學(xué)年度高三下學(xué)期模擬試題

英語(yǔ)試題

本試卷分第I卷和第II卷兩部分。滿分150分?荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘?荚嚱Y(jié)束后。將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

 

注意事項(xiàng):

1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆將自己的姓名、座號(hào)、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡和試題卷規(guī)定的位置上。

2.第I卷每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;如需改

   動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。答案不能答在試題卷上。

3.第II卷必須用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆作答,先劃掉原來(lái)的答案,然后再寫上新的答案;

   不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、膠帶紙、修正帶。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。

 

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,共110分)

 

第一部分:聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)

第一節(jié)(共5小題,每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)

聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話,每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1. Where will the man go for holiday?      

A. France.                     B. Egypt.                 C. Austria.    

2. Why did the man make the phone call?                  

A. His luggage was lost.           

B. His plane was late.        

C. His office was locked.

3. How much is a two-term course?

A. $50.                        B. $90.                   C. $120.

4. What does the man mean?

A. He will not cook dinner.                 

B He isn’t good at cooking fish.

C. He prefers not to cook the fish.

5. When will the man probably get to London?

A. At 8 o’clock.                 B. At 9 o’clock.            C. At 10 o’clock.

第二節(jié)(共12小題;每小題1.5分,滿分18分)

聽(tīng)下面4段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試題卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。

6. What can we learn from the dialogue?

A .The woman was badly hurt.

B. The car was terribly damaged.

C. The kids were seriously injured.

7. What was the woman thinking about?

A. Getting the car repaired.

B. Selling the damaged car.

C. Buying a second-hand car.

聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第8至第10三個(gè)小題。

8. What do we know about the man?

A. He wrote three essays last week.

B. He went to the beach with friends.

C. He drank late at a restaurant every night.

9. What did the woman do on Saturday?

A. She drove with a friend.        B. She watched movies.     C. She played tennis.

10. Which word can best describe the woman last week?

A. Quiet.                  B. Enjoyable.            C. Unforgettable.

聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第11至第13三個(gè)小題。

11. On which day are the tickets available to the man?

A. October 3.               B. October 4.            C. October 5.

12. How much will the man pay if he books the ticket?

A.£35.                   B.£36.                 C.£37.        

13. What can be inferred about the man?

A. He was angry with the woman.

B. He thought the price was reasonable.

C. He gave up the idea of booking the ticket.

聽(tīng)下面一段對(duì)話,回答第14至第17四個(gè)小題。

14. What is the relationship between the two speakers?

A. Writer and reader.          

B. Teacher and student.

C. Interviewer and interviewee.

15. How long did it take Tina to write the story?

A. A whole day.           B. About two hours.      C. Ninety minutes.

16. What do we know about the story?

A. It’s about Fred.         B. It’s about a party.      C. It’s about success.

17. What can we learn about Tina?

A. She has just been back from abroad.

B. She had a party for everyone in her street.

C. She won a writing competition unexpectedly.

第三節(jié)(共3小題;每小題1.5分,滿分4.5分)

聽(tīng)下面一段材料,將第18至第20三個(gè)小題的信息補(bǔ)充完整。每空限填一個(gè)詞或一個(gè)數(shù). ,填入的內(nèi)容要寫在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。聽(tīng)材料前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘,聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出15秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。本段材料讀兩遍。

 

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第二部分:  

 第一節(jié)  單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)

21.When a giraffe has        drink, it has to stand with its front legs wide apart in order to reach      water.

A./; /                             B.a(chǎn); the                  C.the;/                   D./; the

22.Between the two periods of classes is a break,       we can have a short rest.

      A.then                        B.where               C.when               D.which

23.Some Australian Aborigines still live in a similar way to their ancestors, ______ others live in cities, towns and the country in the same way as their fellow Australians.

      A.while                        B.when                C.who                         D.which

24.― I am sorry to hear that your mother is ill in hospital.

  ― ____.

  A.That’s all right                          B.You don’t have to be so sorry  

  C.It is nothing                                 D.It’s very kind of you

25.He found _____ difficult to get his Chinese humour across to an English audience.

      A.that                   B.it                        C.one                         D.which

26. Since I broke my leg, my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing. My friends    to find out if the injury was serious.        

A. were trying         B. had tried                  C. have tried          D. are trying

27.You can ____ your time about handing in your homework; there is no rush.

A.have                   B.spend                  C.take                        D.save

28.Don’t _____ your eyes by using the computer too long.

      A.destroy          B. ruin                  C.  try                D. protect

29.The little boy is lucky enough to have escaped ____ to death in the big fire.

      A.burning                B.to be burned C.being burned           D.to have been burned

30. After his retirement, John       finishing as one of his new hobbies .

   A. took up             B. took in                 C. took for                       D. took over

31.Some women      a good salary in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.

      A.must make            B.could have made      C.should have made         D.would make

32.--How did you find your visit to the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube, Jane?

---         

A. Oh, wonderful, indeed.                        B. By taking a number 3 bus.

C. I went there alone                            D.A classmates of mine showed me the way

33.― Mr Green, we’ve made two plans for your travel.Which would you like?

    ― ____.I don’t care.

      A.None                   B.Both                     C.Either                   D.Neither

34.― Your room looks a real mess, Tony.

    ― ____?

      A.What for                     B.So what                      C.What if                      D.So how

35.I don’t say I am against their plan.But the trouble is      they do doesn’t agree with what they say.

A.what that                B.that what        C.if what                   D.what

第二節(jié) 完形填空(共20小題;每小題1.5分,滿分30分)

    Lulu is a brave pet in our shelter.

    As you know, there are a lot of forest fires during the summer season.Many forests are badly 36 by fire each year.Not far from our shelter, a forest caught fire during this hot summer.We were in a heatwave which had been  37  for three days.

   Lulu rushed towards the forest where flames sent out a terrible 38 .I no longer had any   hope that Lulu would come  39  to the shelter.In fact, I was waiting for the firemen to announce his 40  in the forest, when suddenly, a fireman burst into my shelter and   41 me that my dog Lulu had  42  to save four kittens who were trapped by the flames.According to the fireman, Lulu seized the kittens, one by one moving them to a  43  place.I immediately accompanied the fireman to the forest to  44  the rescued kittens.When we arrived at the  45  of the incident, we found Lulu was not  46  .Then we heard the  47  of a dog came from the forest barking furiously.I  48  it was my dog Lulu.The fireman followed the tracks of the dog until we found him barking  49  by the side of an injured fireman who was lying on the ground and desperately   50  rescue.Thanks to Lulu, four kittens and a fireman were saved.

That day, I was very 51 of Lulu for his two heroic  52  toward the kittens and the fireman.Lulu showed much compassion (同情) for both animals  53  him and for a human being who was trying to  54  the fire with his colleagues.

This true story of genuine love and compassion shows us that pets are loving,  55  and compassionate.We should love and protect them.One day they could do us a good turn.

36.A.damaged                 B.injured                 C.wounded                  D.hurt

37.A.taking on                B.coming on          C.going on           D.keeping on

38.A.heat                  B.energy                       C.fever                  D.burn

39.A.by                     B.round                        C.up                     D.back

40.A.return                 B.honour                      C.death                 D.a(chǎn)ction

41.A.warned                    B.informed                     C.communicated       D.gave

42.A.tried                   B.wanted                      C.managed          D.failed

43.A.safe                    B.cool                     C.lonely                  D.beautiful

44.A.pick out                     B.pick up                C.bring on                     D.bring up

45.A.scene                 B.scenery                C.situation                    D.view

46.A.here                           B.out                       C.in                         D.there

47.A.voice                  B.noise                    C.a(chǎn)ccent                      D.sound

48.A.a(chǎn)cknowledged               B.recognized                C.heard                  D.listened

49.A.heavily                      B.strongly                C.loudly                 D.happily

50.A.waiting for          B.waiting on           C.a(chǎn)sking for           D.looking for

51.A.surprised                    B.satisfied                      C.shamed                     D.proud

52.A.things                  B.a(chǎn)ctions                C.dos                             D.reactions

53.A.a(chǎn)s                              B.like                       C.for                        D.to

54.A.put off                B.put away                  C.put up                D.put out

55.A.careful                B.careless                      C.caring                       D.carefree

第三部分 閱讀理解(共20小題;每小題2分,滿分40分)

A

I was off to go back to work one evening when I saw my two children were busy sewing things on the sewing machine.My 11-year-old daughter was, in the midst of her project, going to assist her elder brother in making a little cushion.I left, and after a few hours returned to find a mess in the kitchen and in the front room, and both children sitting in front of the television.

Having had a long day, I was too tired to greet them and then I noticed the material my daughter had used.It had been purchased to make a color-coordinated (顏色協(xié)調(diào)的) baby blanket, and now had chunks (塊) cut out of almost every piece of fabric (織物).Not stopping to listen, I exploded at the children and explained how angry I was at what had been done.

My daughter listened to me sheepishly, not trying to defend herself at all, but the pain could be seen written across her face.She retreated to her room, and spent some time there alone before she came out to say good night and once again apologized for the mistake she had made.

A few hours later, as I was preparing to go to bed, I found that there on my bed lay a beautiful, little cushion made out of the forbidden fabric, with the words “I LOVE MOM”.Alongside it was a note apologizing again, and the innocence in which she had taken the fabric.

To this day, I still get tears in my eyes when I think of how I reacted and still feel the pain of my actions.It was I who then went to her and apologized for my actions.I display with great pride the cushion on my bed, and constantly use it to remind me that nothing in this world is greater than a child’s love.

56.The underlined word can be replaced by “       ”.

A.hopefully came up      

B.hopefully went back     

C.quietly came up         

D.quietly went back

57.What did the children do?

      A.They cut out the material and made it into a baby blanket.

      B.They cut the material into pieces and used them to clean the TV set.

      C.They cut the material into pieces on which they wrote apologizing words.

      D.They made a cushion with the material to show their love for Mom.

58.What can be inferred from the text?

A.The two children are good at sewing.

B.The two children are introverted (內(nèi)向的).

C.The mother is often rude to her children.

D.The mother is regretful for what she did.

59.The passage is mainly to tell about   .

A.a(chǎn) mom’s tears                 B.a(chǎn) mom’s love                  C.a(chǎn) child’s love           D.a(chǎn) child’s complaint

B

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60. The purpose of the advertisements is________.

A. to start a business              B. to employ English teachers    

C. to provide the latest jobs         D. to help people find a suitable job

61. According to the first advertisement,  we can learn that_______.

A. English Teacher agency charges teacher for this service

B. you must go online to offer your basic information first

C. you may call to get more information about the job

D. once you enter for English Teacher agency, you will get a job

62 In the third advertisement, the private English tutor should________

A. be an English language expert from UK

B. speak American English

C. have rich teaching experience

D. have the ability to deal with changing situations

63. If you didn’t pass the interview for Teacher/Librarian, the probable reason should be that ________.

A. you like working with children        B. you have a strong team spirit

C. you lack teaching experience         D. you can only speak English

C

'We convince ourselves that life will be better once we are married, have a baby, then another. Then we get frustrated (使… 受挫) because our children are not old enough, and that all will be well when they are older. Then we are frustrated because they reach adolescence and we must deal with them. Surely we'll be happier when they grow out of the teen years.

We tell ourselves our life will be better when our husband/wife gets his/her act together, when we have a nicer car, when we can take a vacation, when we finally retire. The truth is that there is no better time to be happy than right now. If not, then when? Your life will always be full of challenges. It is better to admit as much and to decide to be happy in spite of it all.

For the longest time, it seemed that life was about to start-----real life.

But there was always some obstacle(挫折)along the way, a hard time to get through, some work to be finished, some time to be given, a bill to be paid. Then life would start. It finally dawned on me that that those obstacles were part of life. Little by little, that point of view also helped me see that there isn't any road to happiness.

Happiness is the road. So, enjoy every moment. And bear in mind that Time waits for no one. So stop waiting for school to end, for a return to school, to lose ten pounds, to gain ten pounds, for work to begin, to get married, for Friday evening, for Sunday morning, waiting for a new car, for your mortgage(借款)to be paid off, for spring, for summer, for fall, for winter, for the first or the fifteenth of the month, for your song to be played on the radio, to die, to be reborn… before deciding to be happy.

Happiness is a voyage, not a destination. There is no better time to be happy than… NOW! Live and enjoy the moment.'

64. The most appropriate title for the passage should be______.

A. Happiness Is a Frustration               B. Happiness Is a Destination 

C. Happiness Is a Dream                  D. Happiness is a Process

65. The first two paragraphs mainly tell us_______.

A. life is a worthwhile but challenging voyage

B. so long as you believe you can, you can

C. people tend to think the future will be brighter than now

D. people feel at a loss about their life

66. The phrase underlined “dawned on me” in the third paragraph probably means______.

A. became gradually known by me             B. disappointed me

C. cheered me up                           D. lighted me up

67 The writer thinks _______is a real happiness

A. setting our imagination free                 B. enjoying our present life

C. finding our own shortcut to success           D. facing obstacles and challenges bravely

D

Jenny Bowen, an American living in Beijing, has been selected as the only American to carry the 2008 Beijing Olympic torch on Chinese soil.She and seven other non-Chinese winners were chosen from a pool of 262 applicants (申請(qǐng)者) from 47 countries in a contest organized by Chinese computer maker Lenovo Group and the official English-language newspaper, China Daily.When Bowen runs with the Olympic torch, she will not only be representing the United States, but also be representing thousands of Chinese orphans (孤兒).

Bowen, a mother of two adopted Chinese daughters, is the executive director of Half the Sky Foundation, an organization which was founded in 1998 and aims to enrich the lives and improve the prospects for orphaned children in China.In nearly 10 years, Bowen and Half the Sky have touched the lives of over 13,000 children.Half the Sky is now present in 36 welfare (福利) institutions in 28 Chinese cities.About 4,000 children are active in the program, which provides trained staff, educational tools, medical support and nurturing love for orphans.

Bowen hopes that running with the Olympic torch would help draw attention to the children in China.She will be among 19,400 runners who will carry the flame along an 85,000-mile, 130-day route across five continents.Beijing organizers say it will be the longest torch relay in Olympic history.

Like Bowen, the seven other non-Chinese winners, including a German engineer and a Venezuelan graphic designer, live in China.Other countries represented will be the Philippines, Colombia, India, Japan and Russia.

According to Olympic organizers, candidates (候選人) were selected based on an online vote, committee selection, their “l(fā)ove of Chinese culture and history” and devotion to “communicating information of a real China to their native countries”.Each runner will carry the torch for 200 meters on Chinese soil.

68.According to the text, Jenny Bowen ____.

      A.is interested in Chinese sports

      B.founded Half the Sky, an organization which aims to help Chinese orphans

      C.has adopted 13,000 children during 10 years

      D.loves Chinese culture and history

69.Bowen hopes that being a torch runner would help ____.

      A.collect educational tools, medical support, etc, for orphans

      B.make Half the Sky Foundation well known

      C.communicate information of America

      D.draw attention to orphans in China

70.Which of the following about the 2008 torch relay is WRONG?

      A.The contest for its runners is organized by Lenovo Group and China Daily.

      B.It has eight foreign runners, including an American, a German and a Venezuelan.

      C.It will be the longest relay with the most runners in Olympic history.

      D.It will be an opportunity to communicate information of a real China to the world.

71.What’s the best title for the passage?

A.A US WOMAN TO CARRY 2008 OLYMPIC TORCH IN CHINA.

B.HAPPY LIFE OF A US WOMAN IN CHINA.

C.DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE WELFARE INSTITUTIONS.

D.THE LONGEST TORCH RELAY IN OLYMPIC HISTORY.

72.The text is a(n) ____.

      A.biography                B.a(chǎn)rgument           C.news report               D.a(chǎn)dvertisement

 

E

One day not too long ago the employees of  a  large company in St .Louis ,Missouri returned from their lunch break and were greeted with a sign on the front door. The sign said: “Yesterday the person who has been hindering(阻止) your growth in this company passed away .

We invite you to join the funeral(葬禮) in the room that has been prepared in the gym .”

 At first everyone was sad to hear that one of their colleagues had died, but after a while they started getting curious about who this person might be .The excitement grew as the employees arrives arrived at the gym to pay their last respects .Everyone wondered: “Who is this person who was hindering my progress? Well, at least he’s no longer here!”

 One by one the employees got closer to the coffin and when then they looked inside it they suddenly became speechless. They stood over the coffin, shocked and in silence, as if someone had touched the deepest part of their soul. There was a mirror inside the coffin: everyone who looked inside it could see himself. There was also a sign next to the mirror that said : “There is only one who is capable to set limits to your growth: it is YOU.”

You are the only person who can revolutionize your life. You are the only person who can influence your happiness, you realization and your success. You are the only person who can help yourself. Your life does not change when your boss changes, when your friends change, when your parents change, when your partner changes, when your company changes. Your life changes when YOU change, when you go beyond your limiting beliefs, when you realize that you are the only one responsible for your life.

73.Who has ever resisted the employees of the large company in St .Louis ,Missouri?

 A. The boss                                   B. The leader of their group

C. The sign                                      D. The employees themselves

74.Who passed away in the large company?

A. No one                                 B. The boss 

C. One of the employees                    D. One of the colleagues

75.What’s the best title of this paragraph?

 A. Independent      B. Hard Working       C. Team Work        D. Last Respects

第四部分 寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)

第一節(jié)        短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題;每小題1分,滿分10分)

My aunt lives in a village far from my town.                    

Last year she came to visit us, brought me a                        76.____

Little dog for a birthday present. It was a little black                   77.____

dog with white spots.It was such lovely that I liked                   78.____

it at once. Every day after school I played with dog.                     79.____

and it gave me much more pleasure. I was glad to                        80.____

have it with myself. One day the dog went out and                   81.____

never came back again. All my families were out searching               82.____

for it but it was nowhere to be found. What I worried                 83.____

about it all days! A week later a letter came to                      84.____

my aunt , saying that the little dog has returned.                     85   

 

第二節(jié) 書面表達(dá)(滿分25分)

高三學(xué)生面臨著沉重的學(xué)習(xí)壓力,很多學(xué)生利用課間十分鐘的休息時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)。假設(shè)你是新華中學(xué)高三年級(jí)的學(xué)生李越, 就此現(xiàn)象給中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)報(bào)寫封信,發(fā)表自己的看法。 信的內(nèi)容須包括以下要點(diǎn):

       1. 課間十分鐘的休息很有必要。

       2.你是怎樣利用這課間十分鐘的。

       注意: 1.詞數(shù)100-120;2.信的開(kāi)頭已給出。

Dear editor,

     I’m a Senior 3 student from Xinhua Middle School.                                  

                                                                               

                                                                                

                                                                               

                                                                               

                                                                                

                                                                               

                                                               Yours,

                                                               Li Yue

試題詳情

高三化學(xué)攻關(guān)三十六法之――濃度不同產(chǎn)物異

 

化學(xué)上有許多產(chǎn)物,跟反應(yīng)物濃度關(guān)系密切。鑒于高考常據(jù)此設(shè)計(jì)難題,本篇總結(jié)了這些反應(yīng)。

●難點(diǎn)磁場(chǎng)

請(qǐng)?jiān)囎鱿铝蓄}目,然后自我界定學(xué)習(xí)本篇是否需要。

30 g銅、銀合金與80 mL 13.5 mol?L1的HNO3溶液反應(yīng)。合金全部溶解,放出氣體6.72 L(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下),反應(yīng)后溶液的pH=0(設(shè)反應(yīng)前后溶液體積不變)

(1)計(jì)算HNO3被還原的物質(zhì)的量;

(2)計(jì)算合金中銀的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

●案例探究

[例題]38.4 mg銅跟適量濃硝酸反應(yīng),銅全部作用后,共收集到氣體22.4 mL(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況),反應(yīng)消耗HNO3的物質(zhì)的量可能是

A.1.00×103 mol                                            B.1.60×103 mol

C.2.20×103 mol                                             D.2.40×103 mol

(忽視NO2與N2O4的相互轉(zhuǎn)化)

命題意圖:考查學(xué)生對(duì)反應(yīng)條件――濃度變化時(shí)產(chǎn)物種類變化的認(rèn)識(shí)。屬化學(xué)教學(xué)中要求具備的能力。

知識(shí)依托:Cu與濃、稀HNO3的反應(yīng)。

錯(cuò)解分析:忽視了Cu與稀HNO3的反應(yīng),就會(huì)錯(cuò)選D;只運(yùn)用Cu與稀HNO3反應(yīng)解題,就會(huì)錯(cuò)選B。

解題思路:隨著反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,硝酸的濃度逐漸變小,產(chǎn)生的氣體可能是純凈的NO2,也可能是NO2和NO的混合物。

n(Cu)=38.4 mg÷64.0 g?mol1=0.600 mmol

n(g)=22.4 mL÷22.4 L?mol1=1.00 mmol

這樣,發(fā)生的反應(yīng)可能是下列①一個(gè),也可能是①②兩個(gè):

①Cu+4HNO3(濃)====Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2O

②3Cu+8HNO3(稀)====3Cu(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2O

于是,本題有以下多種解法。

方法1(極值法):若產(chǎn)生的氣體全部是NO2,由化學(xué)方程式①得:

n(HNO3)=4n(Cu)=0.600 mmol×4=2.40 mmol

n(NO2)=2n(Cu)=0.600 mmol×2=1.20 mmol

V(NO2)=1.20 mmol×22.4 L?mol1=26.9 mL>22.4 mL

可見(jiàn),氣體不全是NO2

若產(chǎn)生的氣體全部是NO,由化學(xué)方程式②得:

n(HNO3)=8/3n(Cu)=0.600 mmol×8/3=1.60 mmol

n(NO)=2/3n(Cu)=0.600 mmol×2/3=0.400 mmol

V(NO2)=0.400 mmol×22.4 L?mol1=8.96 mL<22.4 mL

由于氣體是NO2和NO的混合物,8.96 mL<V(g)<26.9 mL,

所以1.60 mmol<n(HNO3)<2.40 mmol,

觀察備選項(xiàng)可知答案。

方法2(守恒法):根據(jù)反應(yīng)前后N原子守恒和Cu原子守恒得:

n(HNO3)=n[Cu(NO3)2]×2+n(NO2)+n(NO)            (N原子守恒)

      =n(Cu)×2+n(NO2)+n (NO)                            (Cu原子守恒)

      =0.600 mmol×2+1.00 mmol

              =2.20 mmol

方法3(寫總反應(yīng)方程式法):設(shè)生成NO2的物質(zhì)的量為x,則題設(shè)條件下的總反應(yīng)為:

0.6Cu+2.2HNO3====0.6Cu(NO3)2xNO2↑+(1-x)NO↑+1.1H2O

先寫出反應(yīng)物和生成物以及Cu、NO2和NO的化學(xué)計(jì)量數(shù),再根據(jù)Cu原子守恒和N原子守恒得出Cu(NO3)2和HNO3的化學(xué)計(jì)量數(shù),H2O的化學(xué)計(jì)量數(shù)可根據(jù)N原子守恒而得出(因與結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)也可不算出)。

根據(jù)方程式及有效數(shù)字的運(yùn)算規(guī)則,可知參加反應(yīng)的HNO3物質(zhì)的量為2.20 mmol。

方法4(平均分子式法):設(shè)HNO3還原產(chǎn)物的平均分子式為NOx,則:

n(Cu)∶n(NOx)=0.600 mmol∶1.00 mmol=3∶5

Cu與HNO3的總反應(yīng)方程式為:

3Cu+11HNO3====3Cu(NO3)2+5NOx↑+?H2O

先寫出反應(yīng)物和生成物及Cu和NOx的化學(xué)計(jì)量數(shù)3和5,再根據(jù)Cu原子守恒和N原子守恒分別得出Cu(NO3)2和HNO3的化學(xué)計(jì)量數(shù)3和11,H2O的化學(xué)計(jì)量數(shù)因與結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)可不算出,則:

n(HNO3)=11/3n(Cu)=0.600 mmol×11/3=2.20 mmol

答案:C

變式1:去掉備選項(xiàng),將問(wèn)題改為:求還原產(chǎn)物NO2和NO的物質(zhì)的量之比,其他同例題,試解之。

解題思路:在前面“方法4”的基礎(chǔ)上得到下式:

3Cu+11HNO3====3Cu(NO3)2+5NOx+5.5H2O

根據(jù)O原子守恒得:

33=18+5x+5.5

x=1.9

即NOx為NO1.9。用十字交叉法:

V(NO2)∶V(NO)=9∶1

答案:9∶1

變式2:若例題條件下Cu與HNO3恰好完全反應(yīng),二者皆無(wú)剩余,欲求開(kāi)始生成NO時(shí)HNO3溶液的濃度,還缺少的條件是________(用必要的文字和字母b表示),開(kāi)始生成NO時(shí)HNO3溶液的濃度為_(kāi)_______(請(qǐng)寫最后結(jié)果)。

解題思路:據(jù)變式1解題思路得:

V(NO2)=1.00 mmol×=0.900 mmol

V(NO)=0.100 mmol

生成NO消耗HNO3的物質(zhì)的量可求:

8HNO3(稀)~2NO↑

8                2

n(HNO3)        0.100 mmol

n(HNO3)=0.400 mmol

欲求0.400 mmol HNO3的濃度,須知HNO3(aq)的體積――b

c(HNO3)=

答案:開(kāi)始生成NO時(shí)HNO3(aq)的體積b       4.00×104 mol/b

●錦囊妙計(jì)

當(dāng)化學(xué)反應(yīng)進(jìn)行時(shí),反應(yīng)物不斷被消耗。隨反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,反應(yīng)物濃度不斷改變,①有的會(huì)造成產(chǎn)物的不同。如,過(guò)量Cu放入少量濃HNO3中,開(kāi)始生成的氣體是NO2,后來(lái)生成的氣體是NO;很稀的HNO3溶液與活潑金屬反應(yīng)還會(huì)有H2生成(非信息題可不考慮)。再如,過(guò)量活潑金屬(如Zn)與少量濃H2SO4的反應(yīng),開(kāi)始時(shí)生成的氣體是SO2,后來(lái)生成的氣體是H2。②有的反應(yīng)不再發(fā)生。如,過(guò)量Cu與少量濃H2SO4的反應(yīng),隨反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,濃H2SO4變成了稀H2SO4,Cu與稀H2SO4不再發(fā)生反應(yīng)。再如,過(guò)量MnO2與少量濃鹽酸的反應(yīng),隨反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行,濃鹽酸變成稀鹽酸,不再與MnO2發(fā)生氧化還原反應(yīng)。③有些本來(lái)不能發(fā)生的反應(yīng),后來(lái)能夠進(jìn)行。如稀H2SO4濺在衣服上,水分蒸發(fā)后,變成濃H2SO4,也就能使布料脫水炭化。

●殲滅難點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練

1.(★★★)向50 mL 18 mol?LH2SO4溶液中加入足量的銅片并加熱,充分反應(yīng)后,被還原H2SO4的物質(zhì)的量(   )

A.小于0.45 mol                                              B.等于0.45 mol

C.在0.45 mol和0.90 mol之間                        D.大于0.90 mol

2.(★★★★) 14.0 g銅銀合金與足量某濃度的硝酸反應(yīng),將放出的氣體與1.12 L(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況)氧氣混合,通入水中恰好完全吸收,則合金中銅的質(zhì)量為(    )

A.9.6 g                        B.6.4 g                         C.3.2 g                         D.1.6 g

3. (★★★★)3.2 g 銅與過(guò)量硝酸(8 mol?L1,30 ml)充分反應(yīng)。硝酸的還原產(chǎn)物有NO2和NO,反應(yīng)后溶液中所含Ha mol,則此時(shí)溶液中所含NO為_(kāi)_______mol。

4.(★★★★★)使一定量鋅與100 mL 18.5 mol?L1濃H2SO4充分反應(yīng),鋅完全溶解,同時(shí)生成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀況下氣體33.6 L。將反應(yīng)后溶液稀釋,測(cè)得其pH=1.0。

求:(1)生成氣體的成分及體積(假設(shè)濃H2SO4與Zn反應(yīng)還原產(chǎn)物只生成SO2);

(2)鋅的質(zhì)量;

(3)開(kāi)始生成H2時(shí)H2SO4的濃度(假設(shè)溶液體積無(wú)變化)。

 

 

 

 

 

試題詳情

絕密★啟用前

          山東省臨沂市2009年高三3月教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢查考試

                         英語(yǔ)  2009-3-10

 

     本試卷分第1卷(選擇題)和第1I卷(非選擇題)。第1卷1至12頁(yè),第1I卷13至

16頁(yè)。滿分為150分;考試時(shí)間120分鐘?荚嚱Y(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第1卷(共105分)

考生注意事項(xiàng):

1.  答第1卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考試科目涂寫在答題卡上。

2.每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在試卷上。

    第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)

試題詳情

2009高考?jí)狠S卷新課標(biāo)語(yǔ)文試題

題  號(hào)

第Ⅰ卷

第Ⅱ卷

總分

得  分

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

本試卷分第I卷和第II卷兩部分。滿分150分?荚囉脮r(shí)150分鐘。

第II卷第六題為選做題,考生須從所給(一)(二)兩題中任選一題作答,不能全選。

 

第Ⅰ卷(選擇題,36分)

試題詳情


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