In Europe many people died during the Second World War．As a result，at the end of the war there were many orphans（孤兒）there．A man called Hermann Gmeiner wanted to help these children．His idea was simple．He wanted orphans to have a home，and he wanted them to have the care and kindness of parents．Gmeiner asked people to give him some money．With this money he built the first SOS Children's Village at Imst，in Austria．It opened in 1949．This is how the SOS stand for“Save Our Souls（靈魂）”An SOS Children's Village gives help to orphans．

  Hermann Gmeiner's idea for helping orphans soon spread（傳播）all over the world．By 1983 there were 170 SOS Children's Villages in the world．People in many countries give money to help the villages．Today the children from the first village have grown up．Now some of them work in other SOS Children's Villages．

In SOS Villages orphans live in family groups．There are several houses in each village．The biggest village has 40 or 50 houses! Between seven and ten children live in a house．A woman lives with each group of children and looks after them．She gives the children a lot of love and kindness．She cooks meals for them and makes comfortable, happy home for them．

Of course，the children don't spend all their time in the village．They go to school；they go out with their friends．But the village gives them a home—sometimes for the first time in their lives．

1．Which of the following comes last?

A．People gave Gmeiner some money．

      B．There were many orphans at the end of the war．

      C．Gmeiner built the first SOS Children's Village．

      D．A man called Hermann Gmeiner wanted to help the orphans．

2．What does the under lined part “Save Our Souls” mean?

A．Helping orphans is love．

B．Our lives are in danger．

C．Please help us．

D．There's something wrong with our heads．

3．We can conclude（推論）from the article that the money for helping the SOS Villages mainly comes from_________．

    A．governments                                           B．special organizations

    C．the orphans themselves                               D．common people

4．What does a woman in an SOS Village do for each group of children?

A．She gives the children a lot of love and kindness．

    B．She lives with each group of children and looks after them．

    C．She cooks the meals for children．

    D．AII the above．

　　You have a first name to tell you who you are. You have a last name to tell which family you are from.

　　But a long, long time ago, people didn't have last names. Later they had to invent last names because there were too many Charlies, too many Roberts, and too many Marys. People started to ask, which Charlie? Which Robert? Which Mary?

　　So if a Charlie was a carpenter(木匠), he became Charlie Carpenter. If a Robert was a son of Peter, he became Robert Peterson. If a Mary lived near the woods, she became Mary Woods.

　　This is the way that some last names started long, long ago.

1．One's last name can also be called the ________ .

[　　]

2．A long, long time ago, people didn't have last names because ________ .

[　　]

A．they didn't know how to invent last names

B．they didn't want to make their names too long

C．there was not a need

D．they were living in one big family

3．What was the first name of David Johnson's forefather (祖先)?

[　　]

4．Which of the following last names was invented by place?

[　　]

5．Which of the following last names was invented by job?

[　　]

In recent years, the Earth has been getting warmer. Average temperatures have risen. Possibly this is natural, but probably we are causing it．Modern people use a lot of electricity and drive a lot of cars. This puts carbon dioxide into the air and helps to make the planet warmer. When we hear this news, we may smile. No one likes long, cold winters, but, unluckily, there are many bad points about a warmer Earth.

First, the ice at the Poles melts and becomes water. The result is that the sea level becomes higher. Low islands will disappear. Cities on the coast will be in danger from the sea. Will Tokyo, Bangkok, Hong Kong and Shanghai become like parts of Holland – lower than the sea? Possibly we will have to build walls to keep the water out. Typhoons will become even more dangerous and frightening.

Sadly, the second point is that storms will become bigger. Super-typhoons will be born in the Pacific and do great damage to East Asia. The same will happen to the Eastern United States.

As the weather changes, some places that now have rain will become dry. The farmers will not be able to grow plants. Maybe some dry places will become wet – we don’t know, but we will soon find out, and the change will cause many problems. There might be wars because of it.

1  What will happen to low islands when the Earth gets warmer and warmer?

     A. They will melt and become water.                B. They will be under the water.

     C. They will become higher.                                   D. They will keep out the water.

2   In the last sentence, “it” refers to ________.

     A. the change of weather                           B. the power of the United States

     C. the ice at the Poles                                   D. the average temperature

3  Which of the following sentences is false?

     A. Shanghai will possibly build walls to prevent the water, like parts of Holland.

     B. The farmers will not be able to grow plants because of the dry weather.

     C. Electricity puts carbon dioxide into the air.

     D. The warmer the Earth is getting, the higher the average temperature is.

4   Which is the best title of this passage?

     A. The Earth Is Getting Warmer                     B. Global Warming Problems

     C. We Made the Earth Warmer                       D. How to Protect the Earth