3．不定式進行式表示不定式的動作，與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。

例如：When he came in, I happened to be reading at the table.

2．不定式完成式表示不定式的動作在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。

例如：I’m sorry to have broken your glasses.

1．　 動詞不定式一般式表示的動作可能與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生,也可能在其之后發(fā)生。

例如：I saw the young man enter the house.(同時發(fā)生)

　 I hope to go there next time.(之后發(fā)生)

　　　 動名詞是動詞非謂語形式的一種,由動詞加ing構(gòu)成。動名詞既有動詞特征，也有名詞特征。

　　　 動名詞在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語和定語。例如：

⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.

　 　　　(作主語)

⑵ My job is looking after children.

　　　　　　　 　　　 　(作表語)

⑶ I have finished reading the novel.

　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　 (作賓語)

⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.

　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　(做定語)

　　　 動名詞的否定形式由not +動名詞構(gòu)成。例如：

　　　 He made me angry by not taking the medicine.

　　　 動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)由名詞所有格或物主代詞加上動名詞構(gòu)成。例如：

　　　 Would you mind my opening the door?

　　　 動名詞的一般式，表示的動作可以與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生或在前，或在后。

例如：

　　　 We all enjoy listening to music.(同時發(fā)生)

　　　 Do you remember meeting me there?(在謂語動詞前發(fā)生)

　　　 動名詞的完成式表示在謂語動詞之前完成的動作。例如：

　　　 I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.

　　　 She attended the party without being invited.

第二節(jié) 實戰(zhàn)演練

(五)分詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

當分詞的邏輯主語與主句的主語不同時，帶邏輯主語的分詞短語成為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句法功能上起狀語作用。例如：

Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum. 　　 The meeting being over, they all left the room.

(四)分詞的否定形式

分詞的否定式，由not+分詞構(gòu)成，例如：

Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.

Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.

(三)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式

被動一般式　 being done

被動完成式　 having been done

This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.

Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.

(二)分詞的時態(tài)

現(xiàn)在分詞分一般式和完成式，而過去分詞則沒有時態(tài)形式的變化。

現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或在謂語動詞之前發(fā)生。例如：

Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.

現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時，表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。常用作狀語。例如：

Having finished his homework, he went to bed.

4．作狀語

While lying in bed, he listened to some music.

Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.

分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語就是句子的主語，否則分詞前面必須有自己的主語。

3．作賓語補足語

I heard him singing a song in the classroom.

We found the ground covered with snow.