2、表示“時(shí)間、重量、長度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式, 這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可是復(fù)數(shù),主要靠意思來決定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
8、在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如:There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
(二)邏輯意義一致原則:邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致(因有時(shí)主語形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù);有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù))。
7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語,其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意: a number of“許多”,作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語用復(fù)數(shù);the number of“…的數(shù)量”,主語是number,謂語用單數(shù)。
6、如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體,它的謂語動詞用單數(shù);如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如:The police are looking for the lost child.
5、在定語從句時(shí),關(guān)系代詞that, who, which等作主語時(shí),其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞,都作單數(shù)看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意:① 在口語中當(dāng)either或neither后跟有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞(或代詞)”作主語時(shí),其謂語動詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞,它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù);若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù),它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.
3、主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語為復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
2、由連接詞and或both … and連接起來的合成主語后面,要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意:① 若and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí),它后面的謂語動詞就應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。如:The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時(shí),其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時(shí),謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意:由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式,但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
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