計(jì)算(能簡(jiǎn)算的要用簡(jiǎn)便方法計(jì)算.)
(1)18
7
15
-(10
7
15
+6.47)
(2)5
1
5
×45+45×3.6+45×120%
(3)3
1
3
-(1
5
7
+
1
8
÷1
3
4
)×1
2
5

(4)3.8-2
4
5
÷[(3.2-1
4
5
)×
5
6
]
(5)19.99+1.999×990                   
(6)0.378×76000-378×66+84×378+37.8×60
(7)(1
3
4
+2
2
3
+3
1
4
+1
1
3
)×(1-
7
8
)  
(8)0.24÷[(8.8-6
2
3
)÷1
2
3
]+
17
20
分析:(1)運(yùn)用后減法的性質(zhì)簡(jiǎn)算;
(2)運(yùn)用乘法分配律簡(jiǎn)算,同時(shí)注意數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)化;
(3)先算小括號(hào)內(nèi)的除法,再算小括號(hào)內(nèi)的加法,然后算括號(hào)外的乘法,最后算減法;
(4)先算小括號(hào)內(nèi)的,再算中括號(hào)內(nèi)的,然后算括號(hào)外的除法,最后算減法;
(5)根據(jù)數(shù)字特點(diǎn),原式變?yōu)?.999×10+1.999×990,運(yùn)用乘法分配律簡(jiǎn)算;
(6)根據(jù)數(shù)字特點(diǎn),原式變?yōu)?78×76-378×66+84×378+378×6,運(yùn)用乘法分配律簡(jiǎn)算;
(7)第一個(gè)括號(hào)內(nèi)運(yùn)用加法交換律與結(jié)合律簡(jiǎn)算,同時(shí)計(jì)算第二個(gè)括號(hào)內(nèi)的數(shù)據(jù),最后算乘法;
(8)先算小括號(hào)內(nèi)的,再算中括號(hào)內(nèi)的,然后算括號(hào)外的除法,最后算加法.
解答:解:(1)18
7
15
-(10
7
15
+6.47),
=18
7
15
-10
7
15
-6.47,
=8-6.47,
=1.53;

(2)5
1
5
×45+45×3.6+45×120%,
=(5
1
5
+3.6+120%)×45,
=(5.2+3.6+1.2)×45,
=10×45,
=450;

(3)3
1
3
-(1
5
7
+
1
8
÷1
3
4
)×1
2
5
,
=3
1
3
-(1
5
7
+
1
8
×
4
7
)×1
2
5

=3
1
3
-(1
5
7
+
1
14
)×1
2
5
,
=3
1
3
-
25
14
×
7
5

=3
1
3
-
5
2
,
=
5
6
;

(4)3.8-2
4
5
÷[(3.2-1
4
5
)×
5
6
],
=3.8-2
4
5
÷[(3
2
5
-1
4
5
)×
5
6
],
=3.8-2
4
5
÷[
8
5
×
5
6
],
=3.8-2
4
5
÷
4
3

=3.8-
14
5
×
3
4
,
=3.8-2.1,
=1.7;

(5)19.99+1.999×990,
=1.999×10+1.999×990,
=1.999×(10+990),
=1.999×1000,
=1999;

(6)0.378×76000-378×66+84×378+37.8×60,
=378×76-378×66+84×378+378×6,
=378×(76-66+84+6),
=378×100,
=37800;

(7)(1
3
4
+2
2
3
+3
1
4
+1
1
3
)×(1-
7
8
),
=[(1
3
4
+3
1
4
)+(2
2
3
+1
1
3
)]×(1-
7
8
),
=[5+4]×
1
8

=9×
1
8
,
=
9
8


(8)0.24÷[(8.8-6
2
3
)÷1
2
3
]+
17
20
,
=
6
25
÷[(8
4
5
-6
2
3
)÷1
2
3
]+
17
20

=
6
25
÷[
32
15
×
3
5
]+
17
20
,
=
6
25
÷
32
25
+
17
20

=
6
25
×
25
32
+
17
20
,
=
3
16
+
17
20
,
=
83
80
點(diǎn)評(píng):此題考查了小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)的四則混合運(yùn)算,注意運(yùn)算順序和運(yùn)算法則,靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)的運(yùn)算律簡(jiǎn)便計(jì)算.
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