用簡便方法計(jì)算.
例如:72÷12
=72÷2÷6
=36÷6
=6
48÷16
45÷3÷3
90÷15
56÷14
54÷18
388-199
=388-200+1
=188+1
=189
1000-99-1-98-2-97-3-96-4
434-197
999+99+9.
解:48÷16
=48÷8÷2,
=6÷2,
=3;
45÷3÷3
=45÷(3×3),
=45÷9,
=5;
90÷15
=90÷3÷5,
=30÷5,
=6;
56÷14
=56÷7÷2,
=8÷2,
=4;
54÷18
=54÷9÷2,
=6÷3,
=2;
1000-99-1-98-2-97-3-96-4
=1000-(99+1)-(98+2)-(97-3)-(96+4),
=1000-100-100-100-100,
=600;
434-197
=434-(200-3),
=434-200+3,
=234+3,
=237;
999+99+9
=1000-1+100-1+10-1,
=1000+100+10-(1+1+1),
=1110-3,
=1107.
分析:根據(jù)例子可知,48÷16可將16拆分為8×2后,根據(jù)一個(gè)數(shù)除兩個(gè)數(shù)的積等于分別除以這兩個(gè)數(shù)的除法性質(zhì)計(jì)算,即按48÷8÷2.
同理可知,90÷15可按90÷3÷5計(jì)算,56÷14可按56÷7÷2計(jì)算,54÷18可按54÷6÷3計(jì)算,45÷3÷3
可按45÷(3×3)計(jì)算.
根據(jù)例子可知,
1000-99-1-98-2-97-3-96-4可根據(jù)一個(gè)數(shù)減兩個(gè)數(shù),等于用這個(gè)數(shù)減去這兩個(gè)數(shù)的和的減法性質(zhì)將數(shù)湊整后計(jì)算;
434-197可將197變?yōu)?00-3后計(jì)算,999+99+9可變?yōu)?000-1+100-1+10-1后計(jì)算.
點(diǎn)評:完成此類題目要認(rèn)真分析式中數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn),然后運(yùn)用合適的方法計(jì)算.