小數(shù)乘法速算法
下面一些題都是根據(jù)定律和性質(zhì)使小數(shù)乘法的運算簡便.你能說出各題都應(yīng)用了哪些定律或性質(zhì)嗎?
①0.25×3.2                  
=0.25×(4×0.8)
=0.25×4×0.8
=1×0.8
=0.8
②20.8×1.25
=(20+0.8)×1.25
=20×1.25+0.8×1.25
=25+1
=26
③3.28×0.5                  
=(3.28÷2)×(0.5×2)
=1.64×1
=1.64
④1.25×7.2
=(1.25×8)×(7.2÷8)
=10×0.9
=9
做一做
(1)0.25×4.4
(2)4.8×1.25
(3)1.25×10.8
(4)52.4×0.5.
分析:①是先把3.2分解成4×0.8,再運用乘法結(jié)合律簡算;
②是先把20.8分解成20+0.8,再運用乘法分配律簡算;
③是根據(jù)積不變規(guī)律,把第一個因數(shù)除以2,第二個因數(shù)乘上2進行求解;
④是根據(jù)積不變規(guī)律,把第一個因數(shù)乘8,第二個因數(shù)除以8進行求解;
(1)先把4.4分解成4×1.1,再運用乘法結(jié)合律簡算;
(2)先把4.8分解成6×0.8,再運用乘法結(jié)合律簡算;
(3)先把10.8分解成10+0.8,再運用乘法分配律簡算;
(4)根據(jù)積不變規(guī)律,先把第一個因數(shù)乘上除以2,第二個因數(shù)乘上2即可求解.
解答:解:①運用了乘法結(jié)合律簡算;
②運用了乘法分配律簡算;
③運用積不變規(guī)律簡算;
④運用積不變規(guī)律簡算;
(1)0.25×4.4
=0.25×(4×1.1)
=0.25×4×1.1
=1×1.1
=1.1;

(2)4.8×1.25
=(6×0.8)×1.25
=6×(0.8×1.25)
=6×1
=6;

(3)1.25×10.8
=1.25×(10+0.8)
=1.25×10+1.25×0.8
=12.5+1
=13.5;

(4)52.4×0.5
=(52.4÷2)×(0.5×2)
=26.2×1
=26.2.
點評:完成本題要注意分析式中數(shù)據(jù),熟記各種運算定律和規(guī)律,運用合適的簡便方法計算.
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