已知氯化鈉樣品中混有雜質(zhì)氯化鈣,某興趣小組的同學為了除去雜質(zhì),取樣品35g放入燒杯中,加入75g水完全溶解.再加入A溶液100g,恰好完全反應(yīng),過濾,得白色固體10g.回答下列問題:
(1)所選A溶液的溶質(zhì)是:______ A溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為:______
(2)氯化鈉樣品的純度是:______;
(3)求恰好完全反應(yīng)后所得溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù).
【答案】
分析:(1)根據(jù)Na
2CO
3+CaCl
2=CaCO
3↓+2NaCl這一反應(yīng)中沉淀的質(zhì)量為10g,白色沉淀就是碳酸鈣,根據(jù)Na
2CO
3+CaCl
2=CaCO
3↓+2NaCl求出碳酸鈉的質(zhì)量即可求出A溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)和氯化鈉樣品的純度.
(2)根據(jù)Na
2CO
3+CaCl
2=CaCO
3↓+2NaCl求出生成的氯化鈉的質(zhì)量解答.
(3)生成的氯化鈉和35g樣品中氯化鈉的質(zhì)量和即所得溶液中溶質(zhì)氯化鈉的質(zhì)量,并根據(jù)質(zhì)量守恒定律求出所得溶液的質(zhì)量即可求出完全反應(yīng)后所得溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù).
解答:解:設(shè)碳酸鈉的質(zhì)量為x,生成的氯化鈉的質(zhì)量為y,固體樣品中氯化鈣的質(zhì)量為z.
Na
2CO
3+CaCl
2=CaCO
3↓+2NaCl
106 111 100 117
x z 10g y
=
x=10.6g
=
y=11.7g
=
z=11.1g
(1)碳酸鈉的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為
×100%=10.6%
(2)樣品中氯化鈉的質(zhì)量為35g-11.1g=23.9g,樣品中氯化鈉的質(zhì)量分數(shù)為
×100%=68.3%.
(3)所得溶液中溶質(zhì)氯化鈉的質(zhì)量為23.9g+11.7g=35.6g,所得溶液的質(zhì)量為35g+75g+100g-10g=200g
所得溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為
×100%=12.8%
答:所得溶液中溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分數(shù)為12.8%.
故答案:(1)碳酸鈉 10.6% (2)68.3% (3)12.8%
點評:本題考查了根據(jù)化學方程式的計算,注意分析清楚反應(yīng)中各個量是解題的關(guān)鍵.